Union Membership, Coverage, Density and Employment by State: 2021
State Census Code	State	Sector	Obs	Employment (in 1000s)	Members (in 1000s)	Covered (in 1000s)	% Mem	% Cov
63	Alabama	Total	2,787	1,937	115	133	5.9%	6.9%
63	Alabama	Public	463	315	49	58	15.7%	18.3%
63	Alabama	Private	2,324	1,622	65	76	4.0%	4.7%
63	Alabama	Priv. Manufacturing	410	291	14	15	4.9%	5.1%
63	Alabama	Priv. Construction	171	116	6	6	4.9%	5.5%
94	Alaska	Total	1,521	292	46	50	15.7%	17.2%
94	Alaska	Public	425	79	30	32	37.9%	40.8%
94	Alaska	Private	1,096	213	16	18	7.5%	8.4%
94	Alaska	Priv. Manufacturing	45	9	1	1	5.5%	5.5%
94	Alaska	Priv. Construction	71	14	4	5	25.6%	31.8%
86	Arizona	Total	2,146	3,120	167	209	5.4%	6.7%
86	Arizona	Public	293	417	86	108	20.7%	25.8%
86	Arizona	Private	1,853	2,703	81	101	3.0%	3.7%
86	Arizona	Priv. Manufacturing	172	257	6	8	2.4%	3.1%
86	Arizona	Priv. Construction	147	218	12	12	5.6%	5.6%
71	Arkansas	Total	2,255	1,168	46	51	3.9%	4.4%
71	Arkansas	Public	348	177	12	15	7.0%	8.7%
71	Arkansas	Private	1,907	990	33	36	3.3%	3.6%
71	Arkansas	Priv. Manufacturing	325	169	15	15	8.7%	9.1%
71	Arkansas	Priv. Construction	121	64	4	4	5.7%	5.7%
93	California	Total	11,143	15,501	2,469	2,758	15.9%	17.8%
93	California	Public	1,652	2,263	1,233	1,311	54.5%	57.9%
93	California	Private	9,491	13,239	1,236	1,446	9.3%	10.9%
93	California	Priv. Manufacturing	1,021	1,405	95	122	6.7%	8.7%
93	California	Priv. Construction	701	984	145	160	14.8%	16.3%
84	Colorado	Total	1,841	2,535	165	191	6.5%	7.5%
84	Colorado	Public	320	434	79	89	18.2%	20.6%
84	Colorado	Private	1,521	2,101	86	102	4.1%	4.8%
84	Colorado	Priv. Manufacturing	105	144	4	8	2.7%	5.8%
84	Colorado	Priv. Construction	130	180	10	14	5.4%	7.7%
16	Connecticut	Total	1,379	1,523	222	247	14.6%	16.2%
16	Connecticut	Public	171	182	124	126	68.3%	69.3%
16	Connecticut	Private	1,208	1,340	98	121	7.3%	9.0%
16	Connecticut	Priv. Manufacturing	165	174	19	23	10.8%	13.0%
16	Connecticut	Priv. Construction	64	75	11	11	15.4%	15.4%
51	Delaware	Total	1,491	435	42	44	9.8%	10.2%
51	Delaware	Public	238	69	20	21	29.6%	31.0%
51	Delaware	Private	1,253	366	22	23	6.0%	6.2%
51	Delaware	Priv. Manufacturing	133	38	5	5	12.2%	12.2%
51	Delaware	Priv. Construction	95	30	4	4	13.0%	13.0%
53	District of Columbia	Total	2,401	350	31	35	8.9%	9.9%
53	District of Columbia	Public	671	96	19	21	19.4%	22.0%
53	District of Columbia	Private	1,730	254	13	14	5.0%	5.3%
53	District of Columbia	Priv. Manufacturing	36	5	0	0	3.9%	3.9%
53	District of Columbia	Priv. Construction	50	7	1	1	11.4%	11.4%
59	Florida	Total	6,057	8,668	449	530	5.2%	6.1%
59	Florida	Public	746	1,055	238	277	22.5%	26.2%
59	Florida	Private	5,311	7,613	211	253	2.8%	3.3%
59	Florida	Priv. Manufacturing	321	452	15	15	3.4%	3.4%
59	Florida	Priv. Construction	440	629	11	14	1.8%	2.3%
58	Georgia	Total	3,015	4,404	211	255	4.8%	5.8%
58	Georgia	Public	489	686	106	123	15.4%	17.9%
58	Georgia	Private	2,526	3,718	105	132	2.8%	3.6%
58	Georgia	Priv. Manufacturing	353	500	16	16	3.1%	3.1%
58	Georgia	Priv. Construction	166	252	10	10	3.8%	3.8%
95	Hawaii	Total	1,779	541	121	130	22.4%	24.1%
95	Hawaii	Public	436	133	62	66	46.5%	49.9%
95	Hawaii	Private	1,343	408	59	64	14.5%	15.7%
95	Hawaii	Priv. Manufacturing	46	13	2	3	13.9%	19.9%
95	Hawaii	Priv. Construction	113	36	10	10	26.5%	26.5%
82	Idaho	Total	2,376	766	36	42	4.7%	5.5%
82	Idaho	Public	350	110	16	21	14.7%	19.5%
82	Idaho	Private	2,026	655	20	21	3.0%	3.2%
82	Idaho	Priv. Manufacturing	267	88	7	7	7.8%	7.8%
82	Idaho	Priv. Construction	156	51	3	3	5.0%	5.0%
33	Illinois	Total	3,773	5,397	752	818	13.9%	15.2%
33	Illinois	Public	519	719	350	377	48.7%	52.4%
33	Illinois	Private	3,254	4,677	402	441	8.6%	9.4%
33	Illinois	Priv. Manufacturing	447	631	65	72	10.4%	11.5%
33	Illinois	Priv. Construction	163	228	79	82	34.5%	35.9%
32	Indiana	Total	2,322	2,843	256	290	9.0%	10.2%
32	Indiana	Public	309	373	103	124	27.5%	33.2%
32	Indiana	Private	2,013	2,470	153	166	6.2%	6.7%
32	Indiana	Priv. Manufacturing	429	516	45	47	8.7%	9.1%
32	Indiana	Priv. Construction	111	139	35	36	24.9%	25.6%
42	Iowa	Total	1,643	1,426	93	118	6.5%	8.3%
42	Iowa	Public	257	216	43	59	20.1%	27.4%
42	Iowa	Private	1,386	1,210	49	58	4.1%	4.8%
42	Iowa	Priv. Manufacturing	217	193	17	19	8.6%	9.9%
42	Iowa	Priv. Construction	90	77	13	13	16.5%	17.6%
47	Kansas	Total	1,853	1,301	120	147	9.2%	11.3%
47	Kansas	Public	339	231	46	64	20.0%	27.8%
47	Kansas	Private	1,514	1,069	73	83	6.9%	7.8%
47	Kansas	Priv. Manufacturing	261	184	22	25	11.8%	13.8%
47	Kansas	Priv. Construction	82	60	5	5	7.6%	7.6%
61	Kentucky	Total	1,537	1,738	125	169	7.2%	9.7%
61	Kentucky	Public	239	255	31	47	12.2%	18.4%
61	Kentucky	Private	1,298	1,483	94	122	6.3%	8.3%
61	Kentucky	Priv. Manufacturing	229	258	33	34	12.8%	13.4%
61	Kentucky	Priv. Construction	56	62	9	9	15.4%	15.4%
72	Louisiana	Total	2,822	1,723	81	98	4.7%	5.7%
72	Louisiana	Public	515	307	40	49	13.2%	15.9%
72	Louisiana	Private	2,307	1,416	40	50	2.9%	3.5%
72	Louisiana	Priv. Manufacturing	205	127	9	9	7.4%	7.4%
72	Louisiana	Priv. Construction	180	112	10	13	8.9%	11.8%
11	Maine	Total	1,022	563	70	83	12.4%	14.7%
11	Maine	Public	172	93	42	48	45.3%	52.0%
11	Maine	Private	850	470	28	35	5.9%	7.4%
11	Maine	Priv. Manufacturing	90	48	6	7	13.0%	14.2%
11	Maine	Priv. Construction	48	28	3	3	9.1%	9.1%
52	Maryland	Total	1,774	2,689	294	331	10.9%	12.3%
52	Maryland	Public	428	641	182	202	28.4%	31.5%
52	Maryland	Private	1,346	2,048	112	129	5.5%	6.3%
52	Maryland	Priv. Manufacturing	74	111	12	13	10.5%	11.9%
52	Maryland	Priv. Construction	111	168	20	29	12.2%	17.3%
14	Massachusetts	Total	3,100	3,183	401	433	12.6%	13.6%
14	Massachusetts	Public	389	391	201	216	51.3%	55.3%
14	Massachusetts	Private	2,711	2,792	201	216	7.2%	7.7%
14	Massachusetts	Priv. Manufacturing	316	324	19	23	6.0%	7.0%
14	Massachusetts	Priv. Construction	153	161	34	35	20.9%	21.6%
34	Michigan	Total	2,966	4,049	539	619	13.3%	15.3%
34	Michigan	Public	349	472	213	247	45.1%	52.4%
34	Michigan	Private	2,617	3,577	326	372	9.1%	10.4%
34	Michigan	Priv. Manufacturing	601	822	122	128	14.8%	15.5%
34	Michigan	Priv. Construction	143	192	42	42	21.6%	21.6%
41	Minnesota	Total	1,889	2,610	416	446	15.9%	17.1%
41	Minnesota	Public	293	398	217	227	54.7%	57.1%
41	Minnesota	Private	1,596	2,213	199	219	9.0%	9.9%
41	Minnesota	Priv. Manufacturing	270	371	38	38	10.4%	10.4%
41	Minnesota	Priv. Construction	103	145	38	44	26.5%	30.5%
64	Mississippi	Total	2,198	1,081	59	74	5.5%	6.9%
64	Mississippi	Public	389	186	23	30	12.1%	16.2%
64	Mississippi	Private	1,809	894	36	44	4.1%	4.9%
64	Mississippi	Priv. Manufacturing	348	175	11	14	6.4%	8.2%
64	Mississippi	Priv. Construction	124	60	3	4	5.5%	6.2%
43	Missouri	Total	2,008	2,616	235	267	9.0%	10.2%
43	Missouri	Public	293	376	88	105	23.4%	28.0%
43	Missouri	Private	1,715	2,239	147	161	6.6%	7.2%
43	Missouri	Priv. Manufacturing	236	305	42	47	13.9%	15.5%
43	Missouri	Priv. Construction	119	156	44	45	27.9%	28.7%
81	Montana	Total	2,257	438	49	56	11.2%	12.9%
81	Montana	Public	436	82	27	31	32.3%	37.5%
81	Montana	Private	1,821	355	22	25	6.3%	7.2%
81	Montana	Priv. Manufacturing	105	20	2	2	8.5%	9.7%
81	Montana	Priv. Construction	165	32	4	5	13.0%	14.2%
46	Nebraska	Total	1,947	898	61	71	6.8%	7.9%
46	Nebraska	Public	285	129	30	34	22.9%	26.5%
46	Nebraska	Private	1,662	770	31	37	4.1%	4.8%
46	Nebraska	Priv. Manufacturing	216	100	8	9	8.2%	9.0%
46	Nebraska	Priv. Construction	103	47	4	4	9.0%	9.0%
88	Nevada	Total	1,748	1,250	152	175	12.2%	14.0%
88	Nevada	Public	225	153	61	73	40.1%	47.6%
88	Nevada	Private	1,523	1,097	91	103	8.3%	9.4%
88	Nevada	Priv. Manufacturing	76	53	2	3	4.6%	5.8%
88	Nevada	Priv. Construction	120	92	15	16	15.9%	17.0%
12	New Hampshire	Total	1,916	643	65	73	10.0%	11.3%
12	New Hampshire	Public	266	87	41	45	47.0%	51.5%
12	New Hampshire	Private	1,650	556	24	28	4.3%	5.1%
12	New Hampshire	Priv. Manufacturing	272	90	2	3	2.7%	3.1%
12	New Hampshire	Priv. Construction	107	38	5	5	13.1%	13.1%
22	New Jersey	Total	2,582	3,761	609	673	16.2%	17.9%
22	New Jersey	Public	367	535	317	345	59.3%	64.5%
22	New Jersey	Private	2,215	3,226	292	328	9.0%	10.2%
22	New Jersey	Priv. Manufacturing	226	319	23	25	7.3%	7.8%
22	New Jersey	Priv. Construction	141	208	56	58	26.9%	28.1%
85	New Mexico	Total	2,032	770	58	70	7.5%	9.1%
85	New Mexico	Public	525	193	33	41	17.3%	21.0%
85	New Mexico	Private	1,507	576	24	29	4.2%	5.1%
85	New Mexico	Priv. Manufacturing	112	42	1	1	3.4%	3.4%
85	New Mexico	Priv. Construction	113	44	4	5	9.8%	11.1%
21	New York	Total	4,847	7,769	1,728	1,868	22.2%	24.0%
21	New York	Public	850	1,327	885	938	66.7%	70.7%
21	New York	Private	3,997	6,442	843	930	13.1%	14.4%
21	New York	Priv. Manufacturing	277	436	57	58	13.1%	13.4%
21	New York	Priv. Construction	228	372	110	118	29.5%	31.7%
56	North Carolina	Total	3,175	4,232	108	142	2.6%	3.4%
56	North Carolina	Public	441	579	53	66	9.1%	11.4%
56	North Carolina	Private	2,734	3,653	55	76	1.5%	2.1%
56	North Carolina	Priv. Manufacturing	396	538	6	8	1.1%	1.4%
56	North Carolina	Priv. Construction	213	285	5	6	1.8%	2.3%
44	North Dakota	Total	2,437	349	19	24	5.4%	6.9%
44	North Dakota	Public	426	61	10	13	16.9%	22.1%
44	North Dakota	Private	2,011	289	9	11	3.0%	3.8%
44	North Dakota	Priv. Manufacturing	210	30	2	2	6.1%	7.9%
44	North Dakota	Priv. Construction	134	20	1	1	5.7%	6.5%
31	Ohio	Total	3,357	4,971	596	648	12.0%	13.0%
31	Ohio	Public	490	700	317	343	45.3%	49.0%
31	Ohio	Private	2,867	4,271	279	305	6.5%	7.1%
31	Ohio	Priv. Manufacturing	504	716	72	79	10.1%	11.0%
31	Ohio	Priv. Construction	166	245	37	37	15.0%	15.0%
73	Oklahoma	Total	1,863	1,548	87	106	5.6%	6.8%
73	Oklahoma	Public	330	259	51	61	19.9%	23.5%
73	Oklahoma	Private	1,533	1,290	35	45	2.7%	3.5%
73	Oklahoma	Priv. Manufacturing	175	148	6	7	4.1%	4.9%
73	Oklahoma	Priv. Construction	109	98	5	7	5.5%	6.6%
92	Oregon	Total	2,250	1,783	318	336	17.8%	18.8%
92	Oregon	Public	394	310	179	191	57.7%	61.6%
92	Oregon	Private	1,856	1,472	139	145	9.4%	9.8%
92	Oregon	Priv. Manufacturing	289	224	10	10	4.5%	4.5%
92	Oregon	Priv. Construction	130	109	17	17	15.9%	15.9%
23	Pennsylvania	Total	3,684	5,386	692	731	12.9%	13.6%
23	Pennsylvania	Public	456	654	348	364	53.3%	55.7%
23	Pennsylvania	Private	3,228	4,732	344	367	7.3%	7.7%
23	Pennsylvania	Priv. Manufacturing	444	627	66	69	10.5%	11.0%
23	Pennsylvania	Priv. Construction	200	291	79	81	27.2%	27.9%
15	Rhode Island	Total	1,235	474	75	83	15.8%	17.5%
15	Rhode Island	Public	168	62	39	41	62.4%	66.6%
15	Rhode Island	Private	1,067	412	36	42	8.7%	10.1%
15	Rhode Island	Priv. Manufacturing	142	54	3	4	5.5%	6.9%
15	Rhode Island	Priv. Construction	43	17	2	4	13.5%	22.6%
57	South Carolina	Total	2,129	2,072	35	42	1.7%	2.0%
57	South Carolina	Public	351	337	16	18	4.6%	5.5%
57	South Carolina	Private	1,778	1,735	19	24	1.1%	1.4%
57	South Carolina	Priv. Manufacturing	322	310	2	2	0.8%	0.8%
57	South Carolina	Priv. Construction	143	138	6	6	4.3%	4.3%
45	South Dakota	Total	1,639	394	16	20	4.0%	5.0%
45	South Dakota	Public	249	60	7	9	12.1%	15.0%
45	South Dakota	Private	1,390	334	8	11	2.5%	3.2%
45	South Dakota	Priv. Manufacturing	231	56	3	3	4.9%	5.3%
45	South Dakota	Priv. Construction	85	21	1	1	3.2%	3.2%
62	Tennessee	Total	2,466	2,814	145	165	5.1%	5.9%
62	Tennessee	Public	365	404	73	80	18.1%	19.7%
62	Tennessee	Private	2,101	2,409	72	85	3.0%	3.5%
62	Tennessee	Priv. Manufacturing	289	317	13	15	4.0%	4.7%
62	Tennessee	Priv. Construction	157	186	9	12	4.6%	6.6%
74	Texas	Total	7,703	12,056	453	570	3.8%	4.7%
74	Texas	Public	1,083	1,658	223	280	13.4%	16.9%
74	Texas	Private	6,620	10,397	230	290	2.2%	2.8%
74	Texas	Priv. Manufacturing	688	1,067	26	32	2.4%	3.0%
74	Texas	Priv. Construction	590	950	17	23	1.8%	2.4%
87	Utah	Total	2,523	1,467	51	95	3.5%	6.5%
87	Utah	Public	391	223	30	42	13.3%	18.8%
87	Utah	Private	2,132	1,244	21	53	1.7%	4.3%
87	Utah	Priv. Manufacturing	282	165	3	6	1.6%	3.5%
87	Utah	Priv. Construction	195	115	5	10	4.6%	8.8%
13	Vermont	Total	1,799	263	32	37	12.3%	14.2%
13	Vermont	Public	345	49	20	22	39.9%	45.7%
13	Vermont	Private	1,454	214	13	15	6.0%	7.0%
13	Vermont	Priv. Manufacturing	166	24	0	0	1.8%	1.8%
13	Vermont	Priv. Construction	90	13	1	1	4.0%	4.0%
54	Virginia	Total	2,588	3,686	175	240	4.8%	6.5%
54	Virginia	Public	603	852	106	150	12.5%	17.6%
54	Virginia	Private	1,985	2,834	69	90	2.4%	3.2%
54	Virginia	Priv. Manufacturing	168	234	15	17	6.5%	7.2%
54	Virginia	Priv. Construction	133	190	9	10	4.6%	5.2%
91	Washington	Total	2,642	3,306	628	659	19.0%	19.9%
91	Washington	Public	516	637	336	349	52.7%	54.7%
91	Washington	Private	2,126	2,668	292	311	10.9%	11.6%
91	Washington	Priv. Manufacturing	251	310	51	51	16.6%	16.6%
91	Washington	Priv. Construction	160	208	34	38	16.5%	18.4%
55	West Virginia	Total	2,347	694	67	73	9.6%	10.5%
55	West Virginia	Public	500	142	33	37	23.2%	25.7%
55	West Virginia	Private	1,847	551	33	36	6.1%	6.6%
55	West Virginia	Priv. Manufacturing	234	69	6	7	9.2%	10.5%
55	West Virginia	Priv. Construction	103	29	4	4	14.2%	14.2%
35	Wisconsin	Total	2,029	2,705	215	251	7.9%	9.3%
35	Wisconsin	Public	291	383	82	98	21.5%	25.7%
35	Wisconsin	Private	1,738	2,322	132	153	5.7%	6.6%
35	Wisconsin	Priv. Manufacturing	431	563	56	68	10.0%	12.0%
35	Wisconsin	Priv. Construction	109	143	27	28	19.0%	19.9%
83	Wyoming	Total	1,884	234	13	16	5.7%	6.9%
83	Wyoming	Public	485	60	6	8	10.3%	12.8%
83	Wyoming	Private	1,399	175	7	9	4.1%	4.9%
83	Wyoming	Priv. Manufacturing	65	9	1	1	7.1%	7.1%
83	Wyoming	Priv. Construction	116	15	0	0	2.4%	2.4%
Copyright 2024 by Barry T. Hirsch, David A. Macpherson, and William E. Even.  The use of this data requires citation.