Union Membership, Coverage, Density and Employment by State: 2004
State Census Code	State	Sector	Obs	Employment (in 1000s)	Members (in 1000s)	Covered (in 1000s)	% Mem	% Cov
63	Alabama	Total	2,287	1,861	181	213	9.7%	11.5%
63	Alabama	Public	394	308	93	112	30.3%	36.4%
63	Alabama	Private	1,893	1,553	88	101	5.7%	6.5%
63	Alabama	Priv. Manufacturing	400	327	39	45	11.9%	13.6%
63	Alabama	Priv. Construction	135	117	5	5	4.6%	4.6%
94	Alaska	Total	2,572	268	54	60	20.1%	22.4%
94	Alaska	Public	788	80	34	38	42.0%	47.4%
94	Alaska	Private	1,784	188	20	22	10.9%	11.8%
94	Alaska	Priv. Manufacturing	83	9	1	1	8.2%	8.2%
94	Alaska	Priv. Construction	151	16	3	4	21.3%	22.8%
86	Arizona	Total	2,353	2,323	145	183	6.3%	7.9%
86	Arizona	Public	413	400	71	92	17.8%	23.0%
86	Arizona	Private	1,940	1,923	74	91	3.9%	4.7%
86	Arizona	Priv. Manufacturing	196	199	8	10	4.0%	5.2%
86	Arizona	Priv. Construction	189	191	6	7	3.2%	3.7%
71	Arkansas	Total	1,840	1,058	51	65	4.8%	6.2%
71	Arkansas	Public	328	183	23	30	12.4%	16.5%
71	Arkansas	Private	1,512	875	28	35	3.2%	4.0%
71	Arkansas	Priv. Manufacturing	333	188	16	19	8.4%	10.2%
71	Arkansas	Priv. Construction	94	60	1	1	2.4%	2.4%
93	California	Total	11,895	14,414	2,385	2,588	16.5%	18.0%
93	California	Public	1,944	2,372	1,255	1,363	52.9%	57.5%
93	California	Private	9,951	12,042	1,130	1,225	9.4%	10.2%
93	California	Priv. Manufacturing	1,416	1,694	115	131	6.8%	7.8%
93	California	Priv. Construction	704	887	134	144	15.1%	16.3%
84	Colorado	Total	3,874	2,050	172	191	8.4%	9.3%
84	Colorado	Public	673	353	84	96	23.8%	27.1%
84	Colorado	Private	3,201	1,697	88	96	5.2%	5.6%
84	Colorado	Priv. Manufacturing	347	184	18	19	9.6%	10.1%
84	Colorado	Priv. Construction	295	161	11	12	6.8%	7.2%
16	Connecticut	Total	3,597	1,539	235	256	15.3%	16.6%
16	Connecticut	Public	536	226	139	145	61.4%	64.4%
16	Connecticut	Private	3,061	1,313	96	111	7.3%	8.4%
16	Connecticut	Priv. Manufacturing	537	226	23	25	10.0%	10.9%
16	Connecticut	Priv. Construction	149	67	13	14	19.9%	21.2%
51	Delaware	Total	2,541	373	46	49	12.4%	13.2%
51	Delaware	Public	365	54	21	23	40.0%	43.2%
51	Delaware	Private	2,176	319	25	26	7.7%	8.2%
51	Delaware	Priv. Manufacturing	323	47	8	8	16.4%	16.9%
51	Delaware	Priv. Construction	185	27	4	4	13.8%	14.3%
53	District of Columbia	Total	1,936	258	33	38	12.7%	14.5%
53	District of Columbia	Public	540	70	16	18	23.1%	26.4%
53	District of Columbia	Private	1,396	188	17	19	8.8%	10.1%
53	District of Columbia	Priv. Manufacturing	17	2	0	0	9.6%	9.6%
53	District of Columbia	Priv. Construction	58	8	2	2	22.8%	24.6%
59	Florida	Total	6,923	6,943	414	533	6.0%	7.7%
59	Florida	Public	1,039	1,045	248	315	23.7%	30.1%
59	Florida	Private	5,884	5,898	166	218	2.8%	3.7%
59	Florida	Priv. Manufacturing	433	432	10	15	2.2%	3.4%
59	Florida	Priv. Construction	555	561	17	20	3.0%	3.5%
58	Georgia	Total	2,752	3,773	242	282	6.4%	7.5%
58	Georgia	Public	416	557	103	121	18.5%	21.7%
58	Georgia	Private	2,336	3,216	139	162	4.3%	5.0%
58	Georgia	Priv. Manufacturing	397	545	42	46	7.7%	8.4%
58	Georgia	Priv. Construction	211	303	17	24	5.6%	8.1%
95	Hawaii	Total	2,438	533	126	132	23.7%	24.8%
95	Hawaii	Public	543	119	59	63	50.2%	53.3%
95	Hawaii	Private	1,895	414	67	69	16.2%	16.7%
95	Hawaii	Priv. Manufacturing	74	16	4	4	22.6%	22.6%
95	Hawaii	Priv. Construction	152	34	13	13	37.1%	37.1%
82	Idaho	Total	2,018	561	33	44	5.8%	7.9%
82	Idaho	Public	383	100	16	22	15.7%	22.5%
82	Idaho	Private	1,635	461	17	22	3.7%	4.8%
82	Idaho	Priv. Manufacturing	205	59	5	6	7.8%	10.5%
82	Idaho	Priv. Construction	122	37	3	3	9.3%	9.3%
33	Illinois	Total	6,272	5,410	908	971	16.8%	17.9%
33	Illinois	Public	820	702	340	361	48.5%	51.4%
33	Illinois	Private	5,452	4,708	568	610	12.1%	13.0%
33	Illinois	Priv. Manufacturing	880	766	130	137	17.0%	17.9%
33	Illinois	Priv. Construction	398	340	152	154	44.8%	45.3%
32	Indiana	Total	3,349	2,717	311	338	11.4%	12.4%
32	Indiana	Public	428	340	97	109	28.4%	31.9%
32	Indiana	Private	2,921	2,376	214	229	9.0%	9.6%
32	Indiana	Priv. Manufacturing	738	601	109	116	18.1%	19.2%
32	Indiana	Priv. Construction	197	159	43	44	26.9%	27.4%
42	Iowa	Total	3,316	1,345	141	171	10.5%	12.7%
42	Iowa	Public	533	217	60	79	27.8%	36.5%
42	Iowa	Private	2,783	1,128	81	91	7.2%	8.1%
42	Iowa	Priv. Manufacturing	589	237	47	52	20.0%	21.9%
42	Iowa	Priv. Construction	166	67	12	13	17.9%	19.1%
47	Kansas	Total	3,164	1,223	103	132	8.4%	10.8%
47	Kansas	Public	680	257	44	60	17.1%	23.3%
47	Kansas	Private	2,484	966	59	72	6.1%	7.4%
47	Kansas	Priv. Manufacturing	414	162	29	37	18.0%	23.0%
47	Kansas	Priv. Construction	147	58	6	6	10.4%	11.1%
61	Kentucky	Total	2,436	1,699	164	197	9.6%	11.6%
61	Kentucky	Public	431	296	59	78	19.8%	26.2%
61	Kentucky	Private	2,005	1,403	105	120	7.5%	8.5%
61	Kentucky	Priv. Manufacturing	357	252	38	39	15.0%	15.5%
61	Kentucky	Priv. Construction	142	103	16	18	15.1%	17.9%
72	Louisiana	Total	1,756	1,697	129	157	7.6%	9.3%
72	Louisiana	Public	333	312	63	85	20.3%	27.1%
72	Louisiana	Private	1,423	1,385	66	73	4.8%	5.2%
72	Louisiana	Priv. Manufacturing	167	161	26	28	16.4%	17.7%
72	Louisiana	Priv. Construction	116	113	7	7	6.5%	6.5%
11	Maine	Total	3,102	564	64	74	11.3%	13.2%
11	Maine	Public	506	91	36	43	39.6%	47.8%
11	Maine	Private	2,596	473	28	31	5.9%	6.5%
11	Maine	Priv. Manufacturing	375	68	15	15	22.1%	22.7%
11	Maine	Priv. Construction	155	29	1	1	3.1%	3.6%
52	Maryland	Total	3,381	2,502	272	313	10.9%	12.5%
52	Maryland	Public	786	580	157	176	27.0%	30.4%
52	Maryland	Private	2,595	1,922	115	136	6.0%	7.1%
52	Maryland	Priv. Manufacturing	210	155	12	17	7.7%	10.7%
52	Maryland	Priv. Construction	230	170	21	25	12.4%	14.9%
14	Massachusetts	Total	3,424	2,920	393	430	13.5%	14.7%
14	Massachusetts	Public	449	375	197	211	52.5%	56.4%
14	Massachusetts	Private	2,975	2,545	196	219	7.7%	8.6%
14	Massachusetts	Priv. Manufacturing	401	338	26	28	7.8%	8.3%
14	Massachusetts	Priv. Construction	164	147	36	39	24.7%	26.3%
34	Michigan	Total	4,916	4,305	930	966	21.6%	22.4%
34	Michigan	Public	702	609	341	353	55.9%	57.9%
34	Michigan	Private	4,214	3,696	589	613	15.9%	16.6%
34	Michigan	Priv. Manufacturing	1,055	917	279	287	30.4%	31.3%
34	Michigan	Priv. Construction	213	192	57	58	29.5%	30.1%
41	Minnesota	Total	3,853	2,429	424	443	17.5%	18.3%
41	Minnesota	Public	601	368	195	204	53.0%	55.5%
41	Minnesota	Private	3,252	2,061	229	239	11.1%	11.6%
41	Minnesota	Priv. Manufacturing	565	356	48	50	13.5%	14.1%
41	Minnesota	Priv. Construction	214	133	39	40	28.9%	29.9%
64	Mississippi	Total	1,674	1,108	53	70	4.8%	6.3%
64	Mississippi	Public	377	243	18	31	7.5%	12.6%
64	Mississippi	Private	1,297	865	35	40	4.0%	4.6%
64	Mississippi	Priv. Manufacturing	275	187	13	15	6.8%	7.9%
64	Mississippi	Priv. Construction	107	73	4	4	5.0%	5.0%
43	Missouri	Total	2,849	2,546	315	357	12.4%	14.0%
43	Missouri	Public	424	369	77	104	20.9%	28.1%
43	Missouri	Private	2,425	2,177	238	253	10.9%	11.6%
43	Missouri	Priv. Manufacturing	331	294	57	59	19.3%	19.9%
43	Missouri	Priv. Construction	168	161	47	49	29.0%	30.4%
81	Montana	Total	1,810	366	43	46	11.7%	12.6%
81	Montana	Public	405	82	27	29	32.8%	35.0%
81	Montana	Private	1,405	283	16	17	5.5%	6.1%
81	Montana	Priv. Manufacturing	91	18	2	2	11.3%	11.3%
81	Montana	Priv. Construction	122	24	4	4	15.9%	15.9%
46	Nebraska	Total	3,116	831	69	83	8.3%	10.0%
46	Nebraska	Public	555	147	35	44	23.7%	30.2%
46	Nebraska	Private	2,561	684	34	39	5.0%	5.7%
46	Nebraska	Priv. Manufacturing	349	92	10	12	10.8%	13.3%
46	Nebraska	Priv. Construction	179	49	6	6	12.5%	12.5%
88	Nevada	Total	3,229	1,006	126	144	12.5%	14.3%
88	Nevada	Public	390	118	37	47	31.7%	39.6%
88	Nevada	Private	2,839	889	89	97	10.0%	11.0%
88	Nevada	Priv. Manufacturing	154	47	1	1	2.7%	2.7%
88	Nevada	Priv. Construction	294	97	15	16	15.6%	16.2%
12	New Hampshire	Total	3,674	618	61	68	9.9%	11.0%
12	New Hampshire	Public	519	86	35	41	41.4%	47.6%
12	New Hampshire	Private	3,155	533	26	28	4.8%	5.2%
12	New Hampshire	Priv. Manufacturing	616	104	6	7	5.3%	6.3%
12	New Hampshire	Priv. Construction	198	34	4	4	12.8%	12.8%
22	New Jersey	Total	4,460	3,769	745	813	19.8%	21.6%
22	New Jersey	Public	733	608	379	412	62.3%	67.8%
22	New Jersey	Private	3,727	3,161	366	401	11.6%	12.7%
22	New Jersey	Priv. Manufacturing	490	414	49	53	11.8%	12.9%
22	New Jersey	Priv. Construction	196	167	53	54	31.6%	32.1%
85	New Mexico	Total	1,857	734	49	65	6.7%	8.9%
85	New Mexico	Public	492	188	30	43	16.1%	22.9%
85	New Mexico	Private	1,365	546	19	22	3.4%	4.1%
85	New Mexico	Priv. Manufacturing	94	39	3	3	7.4%	8.7%
85	New Mexico	Priv. Construction	127	53	2	2	4.5%	4.5%
21	New York	Total	8,026	7,901	1,996	2,085	25.3%	26.4%
21	New York	Public	1,512	1,457	1,022	1,057	70.2%	72.5%
21	New York	Private	6,514	6,444	974	1,028	15.1%	16.0%
21	New York	Priv. Manufacturing	721	689	118	122	17.1%	17.8%
21	New York	Priv. Construction	390	398	112	115	28.2%	28.9%
56	North Carolina	Total	3,717	3,549	97	127	2.7%	3.6%
56	North Carolina	Public	592	555	49	60	8.9%	10.8%
56	North Carolina	Private	3,125	2,994	48	67	1.6%	2.2%
56	North Carolina	Priv. Manufacturing	628	588	10	14	1.7%	2.4%
56	North Carolina	Priv. Construction	244	245	2	2	0.8%	0.8%
44	North Dakota	Total	2,577	292	22	26	7.7%	9.0%
44	North Dakota	Public	601	65	13	16	20.2%	24.4%
44	North Dakota	Private	1,976	227	9	10	4.1%	4.5%
44	North Dakota	Priv. Manufacturing	177	20	2	2	9.8%	10.2%
44	North Dakota	Priv. Construction	141	17	2	2	12.0%	12.8%
31	Ohio	Total	5,487	4,998	759	820	15.2%	16.4%
31	Ohio	Public	760	662	303	335	45.7%	50.5%
31	Ohio	Private	4,727	4,335	456	486	10.5%	11.2%
31	Ohio	Priv. Manufacturing	924	867	192	200	22.1%	23.1%
31	Ohio	Priv. Construction	244	234	46	47	19.5%	20.3%
73	Oklahoma	Total	1,944	1,402	86	100	6.1%	7.1%
73	Oklahoma	Public	372	267	46	56	17.4%	21.1%
73	Oklahoma	Private	1,572	1,135	40	44	3.5%	3.9%
73	Oklahoma	Priv. Manufacturing	206	144	13	14	9.2%	9.5%
73	Oklahoma	Priv. Construction	101	74	3	3	4.1%	4.1%
92	Oregon	Total	2,500	1,471	224	243	15.2%	16.5%
92	Oregon	Public	406	231	123	135	53.2%	58.3%
92	Oregon	Private	2,094	1,239	101	108	8.1%	8.8%
92	Oregon	Priv. Manufacturing	350	212	21	21	9.8%	9.8%
92	Oregon	Priv. Construction	145	87	10	10	10.9%	10.9%
23	Pennsylvania	Total	6,404	5,298	793	842	15.0%	15.9%
23	Pennsylvania	Public	853	712	349	378	49.1%	53.1%
23	Pennsylvania	Private	5,551	4,586	444	464	9.7%	10.1%
23	Pennsylvania	Priv. Manufacturing	966	797	153	156	19.2%	19.6%
23	Pennsylvania	Priv. Construction	319	273	54	54	20.0%	20.0%
15	Rhode Island	Total	3,344	487	79	83	16.3%	17.0%
15	Rhode Island	Public	495	70	43	43	60.6%	61.7%
15	Rhode Island	Private	2,849	416	37	39	8.8%	9.4%
15	Rhode Island	Priv. Manufacturing	507	73	7	8	10.0%	11.0%
15	Rhode Island	Priv. Construction	144	21	5	5	24.0%	25.4%
57	South Carolina	Total	2,187	1,765	54	74	3.0%	4.2%
57	South Carolina	Public	407	319	16	33	5.2%	10.4%
57	South Carolina	Private	1,780	1,446	37	41	2.6%	2.9%
57	South Carolina	Priv. Manufacturing	398	312	14	14	4.5%	4.5%
57	South Carolina	Priv. Construction	105	92	0	0	0.0%	0.0%
45	South Dakota	Total	2,935	347	21	27	6.0%	7.7%
45	South Dakota	Public	569	65	12	17	19.3%	25.7%
45	South Dakota	Private	2,366	282	8	10	2.9%	3.6%
45	South Dakota	Priv. Manufacturing	375	44	3	4	7.6%	8.8%
45	South Dakota	Priv. Construction	155	18	1	1	4.3%	4.3%
62	Tennessee	Total	2,222	2,465	164	191	6.7%	7.7%
62	Tennessee	Public	342	368	61	79	16.5%	21.5%
62	Tennessee	Private	1,880	2,097	103	112	4.9%	5.3%
62	Tennessee	Priv. Manufacturing	368	408	43	46	10.4%	11.2%
62	Tennessee	Priv. Construction	115	127	9	9	7.4%	7.4%
74	Texas	Total	7,591	9,072	457	573	5.0%	6.3%
74	Texas	Public	1,257	1,462	250	320	17.1%	21.9%
74	Texas	Private	6,334	7,610	207	253	2.7%	3.3%
74	Texas	Priv. Manufacturing	868	1,040	76	86	7.3%	8.3%
74	Texas	Priv. Construction	564	690	21	23	3.1%	3.4%
87	Utah	Total	2,509	1,001	58	67	5.8%	6.7%
87	Utah	Public	450	173	34	37	19.5%	21.6%
87	Utah	Private	2,059	828	24	29	2.9%	3.5%
87	Utah	Priv. Manufacturing	314	123	1	1	0.9%	1.2%
87	Utah	Priv. Construction	163	68	6	6	8.6%	9.3%
13	Vermont	Total	2,846	291	29	33	9.8%	11.4%
13	Vermont	Public	437	44	18	21	41.8%	49.0%
13	Vermont	Private	2,409	247	10	12	4.2%	4.8%
13	Vermont	Priv. Manufacturing	348	35	1	1	3.1%	3.7%
13	Vermont	Priv. Construction	147	15	1	1	3.4%	3.4%
54	Virginia	Total	3,209	3,308	176	218	5.3%	6.6%
54	Virginia	Public	649	661	86	109	13.1%	16.5%
54	Virginia	Private	2,560	2,646	90	109	3.4%	4.1%
54	Virginia	Priv. Manufacturing	287	296	25	28	8.3%	9.4%
54	Virginia	Priv. Construction	202	209	4	4	2.1%	2.1%
91	Washington	Total	3,167	2,645	510	536	19.3%	20.3%
91	Washington	Public	585	474	222	238	46.8%	50.1%
91	Washington	Private	2,582	2,170	288	298	13.2%	13.7%
91	Washington	Priv. Manufacturing	388	335	56	56	16.6%	16.8%
91	Washington	Priv. Construction	173	150	37	37	24.6%	24.6%
55	West Virginia	Total	2,191	700	99	110	14.2%	15.7%
55	West Virginia	Public	433	136	40	46	29.4%	33.6%
55	West Virginia	Private	1,758	564	60	64	10.5%	11.4%
55	West Virginia	Priv. Manufacturing	221	75	16	17	21.1%	22.4%
55	West Virginia	Priv. Construction	133	43	10	11	23.8%	25.1%
35	Wisconsin	Total	3,871	2,597	414	439	16.0%	16.9%
35	Wisconsin	Public	519	344	179	192	52.1%	55.9%
35	Wisconsin	Private	3,352	2,253	235	247	10.4%	11.0%
35	Wisconsin	Priv. Manufacturing	828	549	99	104	18.0%	19.0%
35	Wisconsin	Priv. Construction	196	133	31	31	23.6%	23.6%
83	Wyoming	Total	2,467	222	18	22	8.0%	9.8%
83	Wyoming	Public	597	52	9	11	17.0%	22.2%
83	Wyoming	Private	1,870	171	9	10	5.3%	6.1%
83	Wyoming	Priv. Manufacturing	111	10	1	1	11.0%	12.8%
83	Wyoming	Priv. Construction	175	16	1	1	5.9%	5.9%
Copyright 2025 by Barry T. Hirsch, David A. Macpherson, and William E. Even.  The use of this data requires citation.