Union Membership, Coverage, Density and Employment by State: 1999
State Census Code	State	Sector	Obs	Employment (in 1000s)	Members (in 1000s)	Covered (in 1000s)	% Mem	% Cov
63	Alabama	Total	2,092	1,833	201	225	11.0%	12.3%
63	Alabama	Public	337	299	94	109	31.3%	36.4%
63	Alabama	Private	1,755	1,534	107	116	7.0%	7.6%
63	Alabama	Priv. Manufacturing	455	400	66	70	16.5%	17.4%
63	Alabama	Priv. Construction	128	115	11	11	9.2%	9.9%
94	Alaska	Total	1,861	251	51	59	20.4%	23.6%
94	Alaska	Public	580	77	31	35	39.8%	45.5%
94	Alaska	Private	1,281	174	20	24	11.8%	14.0%
94	Alaska	Priv. Manufacturing	60	8	1	1	10.8%	13.5%
94	Alaska	Priv. Construction	106	14	5	5	34.1%	34.1%
86	Arizona	Total	2,437	2,047	137	168	6.7%	8.2%
86	Arizona	Public	387	320	61	75	19.2%	23.4%
86	Arizona	Private	2,050	1,727	76	93	4.4%	5.4%
86	Arizona	Priv. Manufacturing	292	245	8	9	3.1%	3.8%
86	Arizona	Priv. Construction	175	147	11	11	7.4%	7.4%
71	Arkansas	Total	1,995	1,058	79	91	7.5%	8.6%
71	Arkansas	Public	349	184	33	37	18.1%	20.0%
71	Arkansas	Private	1,646	874	45	54	5.2%	6.1%
71	Arkansas	Priv. Manufacturing	390	206	21	26	10.2%	12.6%
71	Arkansas	Priv. Construction	105	56	5	5	9.4%	9.4%
93	California	Total	12,773	13,811	2,286	2,527	16.6%	18.3%
93	California	Public	1,993	2,188	1,103	1,244	50.4%	56.9%
93	California	Private	10,780	11,624	1,183	1,283	10.2%	11.0%
93	California	Priv. Manufacturing	1,971	2,064	176	198	8.5%	9.6%
93	California	Priv. Construction	644	723	184	184	25.4%	25.5%
84	Colorado	Total	2,591	1,927	181	199	9.4%	10.4%
84	Colorado	Public	449	330	92	104	27.9%	31.5%
84	Colorado	Private	2,142	1,597	88	96	5.5%	6.0%
84	Colorado	Priv. Manufacturing	332	248	16	19	6.6%	7.5%
84	Colorado	Priv. Construction	149	114	10	10	9.1%	9.1%
16	Connecticut	Total	1,691	1,455	264	279	18.2%	19.2%
16	Connecticut	Public	255	216	141	147	65.3%	68.2%
16	Connecticut	Private	1,436	1,239	124	132	10.0%	10.6%
16	Connecticut	Priv. Manufacturing	336	290	44	45	15.1%	15.4%
16	Connecticut	Priv. Construction	63	57	9	10	16.2%	17.7%
51	Delaware	Total	1,715	339	47	53	13.8%	15.5%
51	Delaware	Public	255	49	17	20	34.9%	40.7%
51	Delaware	Private	1,460	289	30	33	10.2%	11.3%
51	Delaware	Priv. Manufacturing	257	51	12	12	22.8%	24.0%
51	Delaware	Priv. Construction	98	19	3	3	14.1%	16.1%
53	District of Columbia	Total	1,579	245	32	38	13.1%	15.4%
53	District of Columbia	Public	445	67	16	20	24.4%	29.5%
53	District of Columbia	Private	1,134	178	16	18	8.8%	10.1%
53	District of Columbia	Priv. Manufacturing	53	8	2	2	22.1%	24.4%
53	District of Columbia	Priv. Construction	47	8	2	2	22.7%	22.7%
59	Florida	Total	7,204	6,263	410	543	6.5%	8.7%
59	Florida	Public	1,054	899	229	311	25.4%	34.6%
59	Florida	Private	6,150	5,363	181	232	3.4%	4.3%
59	Florida	Priv. Manufacturing	633	549	21	27	3.7%	4.9%
59	Florida	Priv. Construction	492	434	19	24	4.4%	5.5%
58	Georgia	Total	2,743	3,483	253	313	7.3%	9.0%
58	Georgia	Public	431	539	84	111	15.6%	20.7%
58	Georgia	Private	2,312	2,944	168	202	5.7%	6.8%
58	Georgia	Priv. Manufacturing	492	617	64	75	10.4%	12.2%
58	Georgia	Priv. Construction	128	167	12	14	7.0%	8.6%
95	Hawaii	Total	1,523	494	114	124	23.2%	25.0%
95	Hawaii	Public	346	112	61	66	54.9%	58.8%
95	Hawaii	Private	1,177	383	53	58	13.9%	15.2%
95	Hawaii	Priv. Manufacturing	59	18	5	5	24.8%	24.8%
95	Hawaii	Priv. Construction	68	23	8	9	36.1%	38.9%
82	Idaho	Total	2,296	527	48	59	9.2%	11.3%
82	Idaho	Public	437	94	21	26	22.8%	27.7%
82	Idaho	Private	1,859	433	27	33	6.2%	7.7%
82	Idaho	Priv. Manufacturing	399	92	10	12	10.5%	13.2%
82	Idaho	Priv. Construction	145	34	5	5	14.8%	14.8%
33	Illinois	Total	7,034	5,514	993	1,054	18.0%	19.1%
33	Illinois	Public	943	739	329	349	44.5%	47.3%
33	Illinois	Private	6,091	4,774	664	704	13.9%	14.8%
33	Illinois	Priv. Manufacturing	1,221	974	211	219	21.7%	22.5%
33	Illinois	Priv. Construction	318	254	127	128	49.8%	50.4%
32	Indiana	Total	2,231	2,704	424	454	15.7%	16.8%
32	Indiana	Public	291	351	96	116	27.5%	33.1%
32	Indiana	Private	1,940	2,354	328	338	13.9%	14.3%
32	Indiana	Priv. Manufacturing	608	730	188	192	25.8%	26.3%
32	Indiana	Priv. Construction	108	134	48	49	35.7%	36.7%
42	Iowa	Total	2,189	1,334	184	209	13.8%	15.7%
42	Iowa	Public	359	215	73	91	33.9%	42.2%
42	Iowa	Private	1,830	1,119	112	118	10.0%	10.6%
42	Iowa	Priv. Manufacturing	414	253	65	66	25.8%	26.3%
42	Iowa	Priv. Construction	97	63	9	9	14.4%	14.4%
47	Kansas	Total	2,212	1,224	119	141	9.7%	11.5%
47	Kansas	Public	384	209	28	38	13.4%	18.4%
47	Kansas	Private	1,828	1,015	91	102	9.0%	10.1%
47	Kansas	Priv. Manufacturing	381	211	50	55	23.7%	26.1%
47	Kansas	Priv. Construction	97	54	10	11	19.2%	20.1%
61	Kentucky	Total	2,058	1,656	192	213	11.6%	12.9%
61	Kentucky	Public	339	264	52	65	19.6%	24.8%
61	Kentucky	Private	1,719	1,392	140	148	10.1%	10.6%
61	Kentucky	Priv. Manufacturing	354	290	60	60	20.8%	20.8%
61	Kentucky	Priv. Construction	128	108	19	19	17.4%	17.4%
72	Louisiana	Total	2,039	1,795	145	180	8.1%	10.0%
72	Louisiana	Public	378	326	54	76	16.6%	23.3%
72	Louisiana	Private	1,661	1,469	91	104	6.2%	7.1%
72	Louisiana	Priv. Manufacturing	234	210	45	46	21.5%	21.7%
72	Louisiana	Priv. Construction	115	101	16	16	16.0%	16.0%
11	Maine	Total	1,722	544	84	93	15.4%	17.1%
11	Maine	Public	276	87	42	49	48.5%	56.9%
11	Maine	Private	1,446	457	42	44	9.1%	9.5%
11	Maine	Priv. Manufacturing	314	101	28	28	27.4%	27.4%
11	Maine	Priv. Construction	81	27	3	3	11.0%	12.3%
52	Maryland	Total	1,918	2,444	367	438	15.0%	17.9%
52	Maryland	Public	488	626	206	261	32.9%	41.6%
52	Maryland	Private	1,430	1,818	160	177	8.8%	9.8%
52	Maryland	Priv. Manufacturing	158	198	42	44	20.9%	22.0%
52	Maryland	Priv. Construction	97	122	12	12	10.2%	10.2%
14	Massachusetts	Total	4,063	2,875	465	492	16.2%	17.1%
14	Massachusetts	Public	581	401	209	222	52.2%	55.3%
14	Massachusetts	Private	3,482	2,474	256	270	10.3%	10.9%
14	Massachusetts	Priv. Manufacturing	633	448	65	67	14.5%	15.0%
14	Massachusetts	Priv. Construction	164	121	34	36	27.9%	29.6%
34	Michigan	Total	5,900	4,490	963	1,009	21.5%	22.5%
34	Michigan	Public	751	567	297	310	52.4%	54.7%
34	Michigan	Private	5,149	3,923	666	699	17.0%	17.8%
34	Michigan	Priv. Manufacturing	1,468	1,123	339	348	30.2%	31.0%
34	Michigan	Priv. Construction	274	214	69	70	32.2%	32.5%
41	Minnesota	Total	2,548	2,302	444	471	19.3%	20.5%
41	Minnesota	Public	419	369	197	211	53.3%	57.2%
41	Minnesota	Private	2,129	1,933	247	260	12.8%	13.5%
41	Minnesota	Priv. Manufacturing	487	440	62	64	14.0%	14.6%
41	Minnesota	Priv. Construction	121	110	42	42	38.1%	38.1%
64	Mississippi	Total	1,728	1,086	67	94	6.2%	8.6%
64	Mississippi	Public	307	188	24	42	12.6%	22.5%
64	Mississippi	Private	1,421	898	44	51	4.9%	5.7%
64	Mississippi	Priv. Manufacturing	349	229	21	26	9.2%	11.5%
64	Mississippi	Priv. Construction	98	61	7	7	10.8%	10.8%
43	Missouri	Total	1,936	2,458	353	376	14.4%	15.3%
43	Missouri	Public	318	397	83	98	21.0%	24.8%
43	Missouri	Private	1,618	2,061	270	277	13.1%	13.5%
43	Missouri	Priv. Manufacturing	295	368	71	74	19.3%	20.0%
43	Missouri	Priv. Construction	117	147	50	50	33.9%	33.9%
81	Montana	Total	2,198	362	55	62	15.3%	17.2%
81	Montana	Public	492	80	28	31	34.4%	38.6%
81	Montana	Private	1,706	282	28	31	9.9%	11.1%
81	Montana	Priv. Manufacturing	183	29	5	5	17.8%	17.8%
81	Montana	Priv. Construction	111	19	4	4	19.1%	21.6%
46	Nebraska	Total	2,240	748	66	92	8.8%	12.2%
46	Nebraska	Public	381	125	36	48	28.8%	38.7%
46	Nebraska	Private	1,859	623	29	43	4.7%	6.9%
46	Nebraska	Priv. Manufacturing	319	108	11	18	10.6%	16.6%
46	Nebraska	Priv. Construction	93	31	4	4	11.8%	12.6%
88	Nevada	Total	2,297	823	161	172	19.5%	20.9%
88	Nevada	Public	326	113	47	53	42.1%	46.7%
88	Nevada	Private	1,971	711	113	120	16.0%	16.8%
88	Nevada	Priv. Manufacturing	107	39	4	4	9.8%	10.7%
88	Nevada	Priv. Construction	207	75	17	17	22.1%	22.6%
12	New Hampshire	Total	1,806	565	60	69	10.6%	12.2%
12	New Hampshire	Public	265	80	33	39	41.6%	49.2%
12	New Hampshire	Private	1,541	485	27	30	5.5%	6.1%
12	New Hampshire	Priv. Manufacturing	335	105	7	8	6.8%	7.7%
12	New Hampshire	Priv. Construction	88	29	4	5	13.9%	16.1%
22	New Jersey	Total	4,919	3,609	741	807	20.5%	22.4%
22	New Jersey	Public	779	559	333	356	59.5%	63.7%
22	New Jersey	Private	4,140	3,050	408	451	13.4%	14.8%
22	New Jersey	Priv. Manufacturing	697	507	80	88	15.8%	17.4%
22	New Jersey	Priv. Construction	212	158	46	48	29.0%	30.1%
85	New Mexico	Total	2,042	660	65	78	9.9%	11.8%
85	New Mexico	Public	515	163	32	43	19.8%	26.3%
85	New Mexico	Private	1,527	497	33	35	6.6%	7.1%
85	New Mexico	Priv. Manufacturing	121	39	3	3	8.2%	8.2%
85	New Mexico	Priv. Construction	132	47	6	6	11.9%	12.6%
21	New York	Total	9,370	7,490	1,897	1,986	25.3%	26.5%
21	New York	Public	1,765	1,388	974	1,004	70.2%	72.3%
21	New York	Private	7,605	6,102	923	982	15.1%	16.1%
21	New York	Priv. Manufacturing	1,190	947	173	182	18.2%	19.2%
21	New York	Priv. Construction	344	279	89	91	31.9%	32.8%
56	North Carolina	Total	4,217	3,359	109	132	3.2%	3.9%
56	North Carolina	Public	671	522	54	66	10.3%	12.7%
56	North Carolina	Private	3,546	2,837	55	66	1.9%	2.3%
56	North Carolina	Priv. Manufacturing	1,027	827	14	21	1.6%	2.5%
56	North Carolina	Priv. Construction	239	196	2	2	1.0%	1.0%
44	North Dakota	Total	2,048	268	25	27	9.3%	10.1%
44	North Dakota	Public	471	60	13	15	22.3%	25.5%
44	North Dakota	Private	1,577	208	11	12	5.5%	5.6%
44	North Dakota	Priv. Manufacturing	171	23	3	4	15.1%	15.8%
44	North Dakota	Priv. Construction	98	13	1	1	8.5%	8.5%
31	Ohio	Total	6,262	5,008	896	955	17.9%	19.1%
31	Ohio	Public	842	661	315	347	47.7%	52.5%
31	Ohio	Private	5,420	4,347	581	609	13.4%	14.0%
31	Ohio	Priv. Manufacturing	1,317	1,082	304	312	28.1%	28.8%
31	Ohio	Priv. Construction	274	226	58	60	25.5%	26.4%
73	Oklahoma	Total	2,299	1,403	124	140	8.8%	10.0%
73	Oklahoma	Public	479	285	65	78	22.8%	27.2%
73	Oklahoma	Private	1,820	1,118	59	62	5.2%	5.6%
73	Oklahoma	Priv. Manufacturing	339	207	27	28	13.0%	13.3%
73	Oklahoma	Priv. Construction	97	61	3	3	4.1%	4.1%
92	Oregon	Total	1,950	1,420	216	234	15.2%	16.5%
92	Oregon	Public	290	204	102	112	50.0%	55.1%
92	Oregon	Private	1,660	1,215	114	122	9.4%	10.0%
92	Oregon	Priv. Manufacturing	348	256	31	33	12.2%	12.8%
92	Oregon	Priv. Construction	93	69	11	11	15.4%	16.6%
23	Pennsylvania	Total	6,716	5,152	896	960	17.4%	18.6%
23	Pennsylvania	Public	852	659	362	390	54.9%	59.2%
23	Pennsylvania	Private	5,864	4,493	534	570	11.9%	12.7%
23	Pennsylvania	Priv. Manufacturing	1,207	935	198	206	21.2%	22.0%
23	Pennsylvania	Priv. Construction	274	216	61	65	28.4%	30.0%
15	Rhode Island	Total	1,743	433	77	81	17.7%	18.8%
15	Rhode Island	Public	245	61	39	41	64.4%	67.6%
15	Rhode Island	Private	1,498	373	38	40	10.1%	10.9%
15	Rhode Island	Priv. Manufacturing	337	82	11	12	13.3%	14.3%
15	Rhode Island	Priv. Construction	60	15	3	3	22.4%	22.4%
57	South Carolina	Total	1,730	1,716	61	65	3.5%	3.8%
57	South Carolina	Public	322	318	21	24	6.7%	7.4%
57	South Carolina	Private	1,408	1,399	40	41	2.8%	3.0%
57	South Carolina	Priv. Manufacturing	391	390	28	29	7.3%	7.5%
57	South Carolina	Priv. Construction	95	97	1	1	1.0%	1.0%
45	South Dakota	Total	2,165	332	20	26	6.0%	7.8%
45	South Dakota	Public	401	61	12	16	19.0%	26.6%
45	South Dakota	Private	1,764	271	8	10	3.1%	3.6%
45	South Dakota	Priv. Manufacturing	282	44	3	4	7.4%	8.1%
45	South Dakota	Priv. Construction	100	16	1	1	5.8%	6.7%
62	Tennessee	Total	2,160	2,411	181	213	7.5%	8.8%
62	Tennessee	Public	354	395	72	88	18.3%	22.2%
62	Tennessee	Private	1,806	2,017	109	125	5.4%	6.2%
62	Tennessee	Priv. Manufacturing	449	488	48	54	9.8%	11.1%
62	Tennessee	Priv. Construction	110	122	10	10	8.4%	8.4%
74	Texas	Total	7,915	8,725	520	611	6.0%	7.0%
74	Texas	Public	1,230	1,314	238	290	18.1%	22.1%
74	Texas	Private	6,685	7,411	282	321	3.8%	4.3%
74	Texas	Priv. Manufacturing	1,067	1,171	94	102	8.0%	8.7%
74	Texas	Priv. Construction	487	548	27	32	4.9%	5.9%
87	Utah	Total	2,442	935	60	70	6.4%	7.5%
87	Utah	Public	425	157	35	40	22.3%	25.2%
87	Utah	Private	2,017	778	25	30	3.2%	3.9%
87	Utah	Priv. Manufacturing	322	126	5	6	3.7%	4.8%
87	Utah	Priv. Construction	149	59	4	5	7.0%	8.4%
13	Vermont	Total	1,618	273	26	29	9.7%	10.8%
13	Vermont	Public	214	35	16	18	45.4%	51.0%
13	Vermont	Private	1,404	237	10	11	4.4%	4.8%
13	Vermont	Priv. Manufacturing	278	47	3	3	5.5%	6.1%
13	Vermont	Priv. Construction	82	14	0	0	2.5%	2.5%
54	Virginia	Total	2,594	3,107	204	249	6.6%	8.0%
54	Virginia	Public	501	588	77	101	13.1%	17.2%
54	Virginia	Private	2,093	2,519	127	148	5.0%	5.9%
54	Virginia	Priv. Manufacturing	344	408	43	47	10.5%	11.6%
54	Virginia	Priv. Construction	146	174	11	11	6.1%	6.1%
91	Washington	Total	2,156	2,585	535	610	20.7%	23.6%
91	Washington	Public	383	454	220	254	48.5%	56.0%
91	Washington	Private	1,773	2,131	315	355	14.8%	16.7%
91	Washington	Priv. Manufacturing	322	378	94	104	25.0%	27.6%
91	Washington	Priv. Construction	128	157	43	43	27.5%	27.5%
55	West Virginia	Total	1,887	702	107	113	15.2%	16.1%
55	West Virginia	Public	340	122	35	41	28.4%	33.4%
55	West Virginia	Private	1,547	581	72	73	12.4%	12.5%
55	West Virginia	Priv. Manufacturing	234	88	25	26	28.9%	29.4%
55	West Virginia	Priv. Construction	98	37	12	12	31.9%	31.9%
35	Wisconsin	Total	2,462	2,505	452	476	18.1%	19.0%
35	Wisconsin	Public	369	371	215	226	57.9%	60.9%
35	Wisconsin	Private	2,093	2,133	237	250	11.1%	11.7%
35	Wisconsin	Priv. Manufacturing	608	618	116	120	18.8%	19.5%
35	Wisconsin	Priv. Construction	122	125	40	41	32.2%	33.0%
83	Wyoming	Total	2,064	212	19	23	9.1%	10.8%
83	Wyoming	Public	497	50	9	11	17.9%	22.5%
83	Wyoming	Private	1,567	162	10	12	6.3%	7.2%
83	Wyoming	Priv. Manufacturing	101	10	1	1	11.2%	12.6%
83	Wyoming	Priv. Construction	152	16	1	1	7.7%	7.7%
Copyright 2024 by Barry T. Hirsch, David A. Macpherson, and William E. Even.  The use of this data requires citation.