Union Membership, Coverage, Density and Employment by State: 1998
State Census Code	State	Sector	Obs	Employment (in 1000s)	Members (in 1000s)	Covered (in 1000s)	% Mem	% Cov
63	Alabama	Total	2,052	1,854	180	218	9.7%	11.8%
63	Alabama	Public	349	311	85	103	27.1%	33.2%
63	Alabama	Private	1,703	1,543	96	115	6.2%	7.5%
63	Alabama	Priv. Manufacturing	426	386	53	58	13.8%	15.0%
63	Alabama	Priv. Construction	115	102	8	10	7.8%	9.5%
94	Alaska	Total	1,782	253	51	58	20.4%	22.9%
94	Alaska	Public	527	72	33	36	45.3%	50.3%
94	Alaska	Private	1,255	181	19	22	10.4%	12.0%
94	Alaska	Priv. Manufacturing	66	10	0	0	2.7%	4.3%
94	Alaska	Priv. Construction	108	16	5	6	34.9%	35.8%
86	Arizona	Total	2,257	1,898	123	146	6.5%	7.7%
86	Arizona	Public	347	284	54	64	19.0%	22.6%
86	Arizona	Private	1,910	1,614	69	82	4.3%	5.1%
86	Arizona	Priv. Manufacturing	285	243	10	14	4.2%	5.7%
86	Arizona	Priv. Construction	158	138	14	15	10.4%	11.0%
71	Arkansas	Total	1,943	993	61	72	6.2%	7.3%
71	Arkansas	Public	326	166	24	30	14.4%	17.8%
71	Arkansas	Private	1,617	827	37	43	4.5%	5.1%
71	Arkansas	Priv. Manufacturing	412	208	19	23	9.3%	10.8%
71	Arkansas	Priv. Construction	78	42	3	3	6.4%	6.4%
93	California	Total	12,514	13,338	2,154	2,408	16.1%	18.1%
93	California	Public	1,986	2,117	1,059	1,215	50.0%	57.4%
93	California	Private	10,528	11,221	1,095	1,193	9.8%	10.6%
93	California	Priv. Manufacturing	2,011	2,085	191	210	9.2%	10.1%
93	California	Priv. Construction	573	641	126	127	19.7%	19.8%
84	Colorado	Total	2,501	1,887	171	189	9.1%	10.0%
84	Colorado	Public	395	299	72	82	24.1%	27.6%
84	Colorado	Private	2,106	1,588	99	107	6.3%	6.7%
84	Colorado	Priv. Manufacturing	312	233	20	20	8.6%	8.6%
84	Colorado	Priv. Construction	160	122	8	8	6.5%	6.5%
16	Connecticut	Total	1,737	1,501	263	272	17.5%	18.1%
16	Connecticut	Public	218	185	119	123	64.7%	66.8%
16	Connecticut	Private	1,519	1,317	143	149	10.9%	11.3%
16	Connecticut	Priv. Manufacturing	358	310	51	53	16.5%	17.0%
16	Connecticut	Priv. Construction	73	66	13	13	19.7%	19.7%
51	Delaware	Total	1,737	340	46	50	13.6%	14.7%
51	Delaware	Public	250	49	20	21	40.8%	43.8%
51	Delaware	Private	1,487	292	26	29	9.1%	9.9%
51	Delaware	Priv. Manufacturing	233	45	9	9	20.0%	20.9%
51	Delaware	Priv. Construction	85	17	3	3	19.1%	20.2%
53	District of Columbia	Total	1,452	223	30	34	13.5%	15.3%
53	District of Columbia	Public	412	63	17	19	26.7%	29.7%
53	District of Columbia	Private	1,040	160	13	15	8.4%	9.6%
53	District of Columbia	Priv. Manufacturing	40	6	1	1	18.9%	20.7%
53	District of Columbia	Priv. Construction	36	6	1	1	11.4%	13.9%
59	Florida	Total	6,968	6,074	408	538	6.7%	8.9%
59	Florida	Public	1,016	866	243	319	28.1%	36.8%
59	Florida	Private	5,952	5,208	165	220	3.2%	4.2%
59	Florida	Priv. Manufacturing	626	551	30	42	5.4%	7.7%
59	Florida	Priv. Construction	474	422	18	22	4.2%	5.2%
58	Georgia	Total	2,859	3,453	257	289	7.4%	8.4%
58	Georgia	Public	484	570	124	142	21.8%	24.9%
58	Georgia	Private	2,375	2,884	132	147	4.6%	5.1%
58	Georgia	Priv. Manufacturing	572	695	50	54	7.2%	7.8%
58	Georgia	Priv. Construction	141	178	7	9	4.2%	4.8%
95	Hawaii	Total	1,514	492	130	136	26.5%	27.7%
95	Hawaii	Public	315	101	55	58	53.7%	57.3%
95	Hawaii	Private	1,199	390	76	78	19.4%	20.1%
95	Hawaii	Priv. Manufacturing	53	17	4	5	26.2%	28.4%
95	Hawaii	Priv. Construction	78	25	11	11	43.9%	45.4%
82	Idaho	Total	2,368	537	42	56	7.8%	10.3%
82	Idaho	Public	474	104	18	26	17.1%	25.1%
82	Idaho	Private	1,894	434	24	30	5.6%	6.8%
82	Idaho	Priv. Manufacturing	425	97	10	11	10.2%	11.9%
82	Idaho	Priv. Construction	153	33	4	4	11.2%	11.9%
33	Illinois	Total	6,820	5,328	1,004	1,064	18.9%	20.0%
33	Illinois	Public	891	707	333	359	47.1%	50.7%
33	Illinois	Private	5,929	4,621	671	705	14.5%	15.3%
33	Illinois	Priv. Manufacturing	1,328	1,056	230	235	21.8%	22.2%
33	Illinois	Priv. Construction	303	239	106	108	44.4%	45.0%
32	Indiana	Total	2,248	2,658	431	472	16.2%	17.7%
32	Indiana	Public	263	311	89	112	28.8%	36.1%
32	Indiana	Private	1,985	2,347	342	359	14.6%	15.3%
32	Indiana	Priv. Manufacturing	614	722	186	190	25.7%	26.3%
32	Indiana	Priv. Construction	113	135	50	50	36.9%	36.9%
42	Iowa	Total	2,242	1,333	166	197	12.5%	14.8%
42	Iowa	Public	345	201	62	84	30.8%	42.0%
42	Iowa	Private	1,897	1,132	104	113	9.2%	10.0%
42	Iowa	Priv. Manufacturing	422	249	51	53	20.4%	21.3%
42	Iowa	Priv. Construction	107	64	13	14	20.5%	22.4%
47	Kansas	Total	2,208	1,178	93	114	7.9%	9.7%
47	Kansas	Public	431	223	31	44	13.9%	19.7%
47	Kansas	Private	1,777	955	62	70	6.5%	7.3%
47	Kansas	Priv. Manufacturing	389	210	36	40	17.1%	18.9%
47	Kansas	Priv. Construction	103	57	7	7	11.5%	12.5%
61	Kentucky	Total	2,032	1,675	219	248	13.1%	14.8%
61	Kentucky	Public	319	256	67	89	26.1%	34.7%
61	Kentucky	Private	1,713	1,419	152	159	10.7%	11.2%
61	Kentucky	Priv. Manufacturing	376	309	63	65	20.4%	21.2%
61	Kentucky	Priv. Construction	124	104	19	20	18.0%	18.8%
72	Louisiana	Total	1,946	1,722	134	172	7.8%	10.0%
72	Louisiana	Public	364	322	55	78	17.0%	24.3%
72	Louisiana	Private	1,582	1,400	80	94	5.7%	6.7%
72	Louisiana	Priv. Manufacturing	223	202	46	50	22.8%	24.8%
72	Louisiana	Priv. Construction	103	94	8	8	8.8%	8.8%
11	Maine	Total	1,683	526	66	75	12.6%	14.3%
11	Maine	Public	246	75	32	39	42.7%	52.7%
11	Maine	Private	1,437	451	34	36	7.6%	7.9%
11	Maine	Priv. Manufacturing	319	99	24	24	24.2%	24.5%
11	Maine	Priv. Construction	74	23	1	1	4.4%	5.6%
52	Maryland	Total	1,860	2,350	331	379	14.1%	16.1%
52	Maryland	Public	472	601	187	225	31.1%	37.4%
52	Maryland	Private	1,388	1,749	145	154	8.3%	8.8%
52	Maryland	Priv. Manufacturing	146	184	32	34	17.3%	18.6%
52	Maryland	Priv. Construction	111	143	24	24	17.0%	17.0%
14	Massachusetts	Total	3,987	2,844	453	494	15.9%	17.4%
14	Massachusetts	Public	508	356	207	221	58.1%	62.0%
14	Massachusetts	Private	3,479	2,488	246	273	9.9%	11.0%
14	Massachusetts	Priv. Manufacturing	685	494	69	74	14.0%	14.9%
14	Massachusetts	Priv. Construction	158	115	32	33	27.9%	29.0%
34	Michigan	Total	5,841	4,409	954	996	21.6%	22.6%
34	Michigan	Public	745	563	310	322	55.2%	57.3%
34	Michigan	Private	5,096	3,847	643	673	16.7%	17.5%
34	Michigan	Priv. Manufacturing	1,497	1,147	369	375	32.2%	32.7%
34	Michigan	Priv. Construction	254	197	60	62	30.7%	31.7%
41	Minnesota	Total	2,532	2,242	422	443	18.8%	19.8%
41	Minnesota	Public	403	351	202	216	57.5%	61.4%
41	Minnesota	Private	2,129	1,891	220	228	11.6%	12.0%
41	Minnesota	Priv. Manufacturing	454	398	56	57	14.2%	14.4%
41	Minnesota	Priv. Construction	103	89	29	29	32.5%	32.5%
64	Mississippi	Total	1,777	1,085	61	106	5.6%	9.7%
64	Mississippi	Public	335	203	19	43	9.4%	21.4%
64	Mississippi	Private	1,442	881	42	62	4.8%	7.0%
64	Mississippi	Priv. Manufacturing	362	223	19	25	8.5%	11.1%
64	Mississippi	Priv. Construction	98	62	5	9	8.7%	13.9%
43	Missouri	Total	1,963	2,449	336	369	13.7%	15.1%
43	Missouri	Public	310	379	88	111	23.1%	29.3%
43	Missouri	Private	1,653	2,069	248	258	12.0%	12.5%
43	Missouri	Priv. Manufacturing	310	390	72	76	18.4%	19.4%
43	Missouri	Priv. Construction	96	121	49	49	40.6%	40.6%
81	Montana	Total	2,112	350	49	53	13.9%	15.3%
81	Montana	Public	480	78	27	29	34.0%	37.7%
81	Montana	Private	1,632	272	22	24	8.2%	8.8%
81	Montana	Priv. Manufacturing	162	27	4	5	16.4%	17.0%
81	Montana	Priv. Construction	96	17	3	3	16.3%	17.4%
46	Nebraska	Total	2,229	751	77	104	10.3%	13.8%
46	Nebraska	Public	368	123	39	49	31.9%	40.1%
46	Nebraska	Private	1,861	628	38	55	6.1%	8.7%
46	Nebraska	Priv. Manufacturing	282	97	15	23	15.3%	23.8%
46	Nebraska	Priv. Construction	90	31	4	4	12.7%	12.7%
88	Nevada	Total	2,098	788	134	149	17.0%	18.9%
88	Nevada	Public	279	99	37	42	37.1%	42.5%
88	Nevada	Private	1,819	689	97	107	14.1%	15.5%
88	Nevada	Priv. Manufacturing	113	43	1	2	2.8%	4.2%
88	Nevada	Priv. Construction	161	62	16	16	25.4%	26.5%
12	New Hampshire	Total	1,754	559	62	71	11.0%	12.6%
12	New Hampshire	Public	260	82	35	42	42.6%	51.6%
12	New Hampshire	Private	1,494	477	27	28	5.6%	5.9%
12	New Hampshire	Priv. Manufacturing	393	126	9	10	7.5%	8.2%
12	New Hampshire	Priv. Construction	71	23	5	5	20.4%	20.4%
22	New Jersey	Total	4,876	3,597	793	851	22.0%	23.7%
22	New Jersey	Public	724	527	324	343	61.4%	65.0%
22	New Jersey	Private	4,152	3,070	469	508	15.3%	16.6%
22	New Jersey	Priv. Manufacturing	720	534	113	120	21.1%	22.5%
22	New Jersey	Priv. Construction	193	144	49	50	33.9%	34.8%
85	New Mexico	Total	2,074	674	63	79	9.4%	11.7%
85	New Mexico	Public	499	160	29	41	18.3%	25.9%
85	New Mexico	Private	1,575	514	34	37	6.6%	7.2%
85	New Mexico	Priv. Manufacturing	140	46	3	4	6.0%	8.6%
85	New Mexico	Priv. Construction	116	39	5	5	12.0%	12.0%
21	New York	Total	9,571	7,482	1,900	1,995	25.4%	26.7%
21	New York	Public	1,812	1,403	966	996	68.9%	71.0%
21	New York	Private	7,759	6,079	934	999	15.4%	16.4%
21	New York	Priv. Manufacturing	1,207	937	182	193	19.5%	20.6%
21	New York	Priv. Construction	349	283	84	91	29.7%	32.2%
56	North Carolina	Total	4,246	3,326	140	173	4.2%	5.2%
56	North Carolina	Public	655	506	61	80	12.0%	15.7%
56	North Carolina	Private	3,591	2,820	79	93	2.8%	3.3%
56	North Carolina	Priv. Manufacturing	1,021	800	23	27	2.9%	3.3%
56	North Carolina	Priv. Construction	231	188	1	1	0.4%	0.4%
44	North Dakota	Total	2,094	281	25	27	9.1%	9.6%
44	North Dakota	Public	427	56	13	14	23.2%	25.4%
44	North Dakota	Private	1,667	225	12	13	5.5%	5.7%
44	North Dakota	Priv. Manufacturing	176	24	3	3	12.9%	12.9%
44	North Dakota	Priv. Construction	98	13	1	1	9.8%	9.8%
31	Ohio	Total	6,070	4,902	932	992	19.0%	20.2%
31	Ohio	Public	828	666	316	342	47.5%	51.3%
31	Ohio	Private	5,242	4,237	616	650	14.5%	15.3%
31	Ohio	Priv. Manufacturing	1,331	1,111	299	309	26.9%	27.8%
31	Ohio	Priv. Construction	251	207	50	50	24.0%	24.4%
73	Oklahoma	Total	2,304	1,354	117	133	8.6%	9.8%
73	Oklahoma	Public	430	250	51	60	20.4%	24.2%
73	Oklahoma	Private	1,874	1,104	65	72	5.9%	6.6%
73	Oklahoma	Priv. Manufacturing	333	198	32	35	16.3%	17.6%
73	Oklahoma	Priv. Construction	110	66	9	9	13.6%	13.6%
92	Oregon	Total	1,931	1,436	232	248	16.1%	17.3%
92	Oregon	Public	316	229	121	126	52.9%	55.1%
92	Oregon	Private	1,615	1,207	111	122	9.2%	10.1%
92	Oregon	Priv. Manufacturing	341	258	31	33	12.2%	12.8%
92	Oregon	Priv. Construction	111	85	15	15	17.3%	18.1%
23	Pennsylvania	Total	6,576	5,060	827	896	16.3%	17.7%
23	Pennsylvania	Public	816	627	318	348	50.8%	55.5%
23	Pennsylvania	Private	5,760	4,434	509	548	11.5%	12.4%
23	Pennsylvania	Priv. Manufacturing	1,253	979	196	201	20.0%	20.6%
23	Pennsylvania	Priv. Construction	273	219	59	60	26.7%	27.5%
15	Rhode Island	Total	1,633	427	81	84	19.0%	19.6%
15	Rhode Island	Public	223	58	40	41	69.2%	70.9%
15	Rhode Island	Private	1,410	369	41	43	11.2%	11.6%
15	Rhode Island	Priv. Manufacturing	356	94	10	11	10.8%	11.4%
15	Rhode Island	Priv. Construction	60	16	5	5	29.8%	29.8%
57	South Carolina	Total	1,827	1,717	78	88	4.5%	5.1%
57	South Carolina	Public	323	297	31	37	10.5%	12.5%
57	South Carolina	Private	1,504	1,420	47	51	3.3%	3.6%
57	South Carolina	Priv. Manufacturing	437	417	26	27	6.2%	6.6%
57	South Carolina	Priv. Construction	98	93	2	2	2.4%	2.4%
45	South Dakota	Total	2,147	324	21	26	6.4%	8.0%
45	South Dakota	Public	422	66	12	15	18.1%	23.4%
45	South Dakota	Private	1,725	258	9	11	3.4%	4.1%
45	South Dakota	Priv. Manufacturing	304	46	3	4	7.5%	9.3%
45	South Dakota	Priv. Construction	90	13	0	0	3.6%	3.6%
62	Tennessee	Total	1,988	2,325	183	220	7.9%	9.5%
62	Tennessee	Public	301	350	74	86	21.2%	24.5%
62	Tennessee	Private	1,687	1,976	109	134	5.5%	6.8%
62	Tennessee	Priv. Manufacturing	428	489	56	61	11.5%	12.4%
62	Tennessee	Priv. Construction	92	108	10	10	9.2%	9.2%
74	Texas	Total	7,658	8,581	503	603	5.9%	7.0%
74	Texas	Public	1,217	1,330	242	300	18.2%	22.5%
74	Texas	Private	6,441	7,251	261	304	3.6%	4.2%
74	Texas	Priv. Manufacturing	1,106	1,250	94	104	7.5%	8.3%
74	Texas	Priv. Construction	484	558	17	20	3.1%	3.5%
87	Utah	Total	2,349	912	62	78	6.8%	8.6%
87	Utah	Public	427	161	33	43	20.2%	26.8%
87	Utah	Private	1,922	751	29	35	3.9%	4.7%
87	Utah	Priv. Manufacturing	315	122	7	7	5.5%	5.7%
87	Utah	Priv. Construction	146	60	5	5	8.1%	9.0%
13	Vermont	Total	1,623	268	25	29	9.4%	11.0%
13	Vermont	Public	216	36	14	15	37.8%	43.1%
13	Vermont	Private	1,407	232	12	14	5.1%	6.0%
13	Vermont	Priv. Manufacturing	269	44	3	3	5.8%	7.6%
13	Vermont	Priv. Construction	75	13	0	0	3.0%	3.0%
54	Virginia	Total	2,530	3,055	209	233	6.8%	7.6%
54	Virginia	Public	482	571	77	93	13.6%	16.3%
54	Virginia	Private	2,048	2,484	131	140	5.3%	5.6%
54	Virginia	Priv. Manufacturing	334	403	40	44	9.9%	11.0%
54	Virginia	Priv. Construction	131	158	6	6	3.9%	3.9%
91	Washington	Total	2,154	2,537	537	585	21.2%	23.0%
91	Washington	Public	376	442	205	229	46.5%	51.9%
91	Washington	Private	1,778	2,096	332	356	15.8%	17.0%
91	Washington	Priv. Manufacturing	370	436	112	124	25.6%	28.3%
91	Washington	Priv. Construction	123	145	40	41	27.3%	28.1%
55	West Virginia	Total	1,754	663	83	92	12.6%	13.8%
55	West Virginia	Public	364	135	25	31	18.3%	23.1%
55	West Virginia	Private	1,390	528	59	60	11.1%	11.4%
55	West Virginia	Priv. Manufacturing	221	84	22	22	25.8%	25.8%
55	West Virginia	Priv. Construction	74	29	7	7	23.2%	23.2%
35	Wisconsin	Total	2,516	2,513	470	492	18.7%	19.6%
35	Wisconsin	Public	374	367	203	218	55.4%	59.4%
35	Wisconsin	Private	2,142	2,146	267	274	12.4%	12.8%
35	Wisconsin	Priv. Manufacturing	621	620	140	143	22.5%	23.0%
35	Wisconsin	Priv. Construction	111	114	39	39	34.2%	34.2%
83	Wyoming	Total	2,053	205	20	23	9.6%	11.3%
83	Wyoming	Public	511	50	9	11	17.7%	21.4%
83	Wyoming	Private	1,542	155	11	12	7.0%	8.1%
83	Wyoming	Priv. Manufacturing	114	11	2	2	14.5%	17.1%
83	Wyoming	Priv. Construction	113	12	1	1	7.1%	8.0%
Copyright 2024 by Barry T. Hirsch, David A. Macpherson, and William E. Even.  The use of this data requires citation.