Union Membership, Coverage, Density and Employment by State: 1997
State Census Code	State	Sector	Obs	Employment (in 1000s)	Members (in 1000s)	Covered (in 1000s)	% Mem	% Cov
63	Alabama	Total	2,067	1,812	184	212	10.2%	11.7%
63	Alabama	Public	333	289	74	92	25.5%	31.8%
63	Alabama	Private	1,734	1,524	111	121	7.3%	7.9%
63	Alabama	Priv. Manufacturing	473	420	72	76	17.0%	18.1%
63	Alabama	Priv. Construction	100	91	4	4	4.0%	4.0%
94	Alaska	Total	1,809	250	50	56	20.0%	22.3%
94	Alaska	Public	599	81	34	38	41.8%	46.7%
94	Alaska	Private	1,210	169	16	18	9.6%	10.6%
94	Alaska	Priv. Manufacturing	64	9	0	1	5.3%	6.6%
94	Alaska	Priv. Construction	100	15	2	3	16.5%	18.4%
86	Arizona	Total	2,193	1,888	132	155	7.0%	8.2%
86	Arizona	Public	342	287	53	64	18.6%	22.4%
86	Arizona	Private	1,851	1,600	78	91	4.9%	5.7%
86	Arizona	Priv. Manufacturing	275	239	12	13	4.9%	5.3%
86	Arizona	Priv. Construction	141	127	15	15	11.4%	12.1%
71	Arkansas	Total	1,998	1,004	59	68	5.9%	6.8%
71	Arkansas	Public	341	168	22	25	12.8%	14.5%
71	Arkansas	Private	1,657	836	38	44	4.5%	5.2%
71	Arkansas	Priv. Manufacturing	467	238	22	26	9.2%	11.0%
71	Arkansas	Priv. Construction	94	48	2	2	3.9%	3.9%
93	California	Total	12,185	12,878	2,067	2,321	16.0%	18.0%
93	California	Public	1,886	2,005	979	1,115	48.8%	55.6%
93	California	Private	10,299	10,873	1,088	1,206	10.0%	11.1%
93	California	Priv. Manufacturing	2,165	2,236	216	241	9.7%	10.8%
93	California	Priv. Construction	514	577	113	115	19.6%	19.9%
84	Colorado	Total	2,427	1,814	174	201	9.6%	11.1%
84	Colorado	Public	342	257	70	79	27.1%	30.9%
84	Colorado	Private	2,085	1,556	105	121	6.7%	7.8%
84	Colorado	Priv. Manufacturing	317	237	28	29	12.0%	12.3%
84	Colorado	Priv. Construction	152	113	10	11	9.2%	10.1%
16	Connecticut	Total	1,694	1,469	248	262	16.9%	17.9%
16	Connecticut	Public	198	171	105	109	61.6%	63.8%
16	Connecticut	Private	1,496	1,298	143	153	11.0%	11.8%
16	Connecticut	Priv. Manufacturing	334	287	41	43	14.2%	14.8%
16	Connecticut	Priv. Construction	65	58	14	15	24.5%	25.9%
51	Delaware	Total	1,649	336	39	45	11.7%	13.3%
51	Delaware	Public	224	45	15	17	32.7%	38.6%
51	Delaware	Private	1,425	291	25	27	8.4%	9.4%
51	Delaware	Priv. Manufacturing	260	53	9	11	17.6%	20.1%
51	Delaware	Priv. Construction	79	16	1	1	6.8%	8.2%
53	District of Columbia	Total	1,438	222	30	37	13.6%	16.8%
53	District of Columbia	Public	476	74	18	22	24.0%	29.8%
53	District of Columbia	Private	962	148	12	15	8.4%	10.4%
53	District of Columbia	Priv. Manufacturing	34	5	1	1	20.3%	25.9%
53	District of Columbia	Priv. Construction	26	4	1	1	12.8%	18.2%
59	Florida	Total	6,764	5,910	403	533	6.8%	9.0%
59	Florida	Public	996	852	240	320	28.2%	37.5%
59	Florida	Private	5,768	5,058	163	213	3.2%	4.2%
59	Florida	Priv. Manufacturing	647	572	26	34	4.5%	5.9%
59	Florida	Priv. Construction	399	358	21	23	5.9%	6.3%
58	Georgia	Total	2,821	3,349	238	268	7.1%	8.0%
58	Georgia	Public	483	555	92	110	16.6%	19.9%
58	Georgia	Private	2,338	2,794	146	157	5.2%	5.6%
58	Georgia	Priv. Manufacturing	563	681	60	63	8.8%	9.2%
58	Georgia	Priv. Construction	142	174	14	15	8.0%	8.7%
95	Hawaii	Total	1,546	481	127	136	26.3%	28.2%
95	Hawaii	Public	334	102	59	64	57.7%	63.1%
95	Hawaii	Private	1,212	380	68	72	17.9%	18.9%
95	Hawaii	Priv. Manufacturing	58	18	3	3	14.8%	14.8%
95	Hawaii	Priv. Construction	88	27	10	10	37.7%	37.7%
82	Idaho	Total	2,313	514	43	52	8.5%	10.1%
82	Idaho	Public	471	99	19	25	18.9%	24.9%
82	Idaho	Private	1,842	415	25	27	6.0%	6.6%
82	Idaho	Priv. Manufacturing	403	90	9	11	10.4%	12.0%
82	Idaho	Priv. Construction	160	36	4	4	11.5%	11.5%
33	Illinois	Total	6,751	5,234	971	1,041	18.5%	19.9%
33	Illinois	Public	924	732	314	341	42.9%	46.6%
33	Illinois	Private	5,827	4,502	657	700	14.6%	15.5%
33	Illinois	Priv. Manufacturing	1,283	1,002	215	224	21.4%	22.4%
33	Illinois	Priv. Construction	329	255	119	123	46.6%	48.1%
32	Indiana	Total	2,314	2,733	399	438	14.6%	16.0%
32	Indiana	Public	280	327	90	113	27.6%	34.4%
32	Indiana	Private	2,034	2,406	308	325	12.8%	13.5%
32	Indiana	Priv. Manufacturing	639	748	185	192	24.8%	25.7%
32	Indiana	Priv. Construction	103	129	39	40	29.9%	30.9%
42	Iowa	Total	2,166	1,304	172	205	13.2%	15.7%
42	Iowa	Public	329	194	66	86	34.1%	44.2%
42	Iowa	Private	1,837	1,110	106	119	9.6%	10.7%
42	Iowa	Priv. Manufacturing	430	262	50	57	19.2%	21.8%
42	Iowa	Priv. Construction	75	45	9	9	20.2%	20.2%
47	Kansas	Total	2,105	1,112	87	114	7.8%	10.2%
47	Kansas	Public	407	209	30	42	14.3%	20.1%
47	Kansas	Private	1,698	904	57	72	6.3%	7.9%
47	Kansas	Priv. Manufacturing	347	183	25	34	13.6%	18.5%
47	Kansas	Priv. Construction	91	49	6	7	12.9%	15.1%
61	Kentucky	Total	1,941	1,582	193	221	12.2%	13.9%
61	Kentucky	Public	318	257	60	79	23.3%	30.8%
61	Kentucky	Private	1,623	1,325	133	141	10.1%	10.7%
61	Kentucky	Priv. Manufacturing	365	299	72	72	24.2%	24.2%
61	Kentucky	Priv. Construction	93	75	11	12	15.2%	16.3%
72	Louisiana	Total	1,962	1,687	119	150	7.0%	8.9%
72	Louisiana	Public	349	300	42	60	13.9%	19.9%
72	Louisiana	Private	1,613	1,387	77	90	5.6%	6.5%
72	Louisiana	Priv. Manufacturing	249	221	36	39	16.3%	17.6%
72	Louisiana	Priv. Construction	119	106	10	11	9.4%	10.4%
11	Maine	Total	1,678	532	72	80	13.5%	15.0%
11	Maine	Public	253	78	34	40	44.5%	51.9%
11	Maine	Private	1,425	454	38	40	8.3%	8.7%
11	Maine	Priv. Manufacturing	325	102	25	26	24.5%	25.1%
11	Maine	Priv. Construction	82	27	2	2	7.0%	7.0%
52	Maryland	Total	1,908	2,336	349	403	14.9%	17.3%
52	Maryland	Public	441	547	194	225	35.4%	41.2%
52	Maryland	Private	1,467	1,789	155	178	8.7%	9.9%
52	Maryland	Priv. Manufacturing	157	190	38	40	20.0%	21.1%
52	Maryland	Priv. Construction	113	140	13	15	9.3%	10.5%
14	Massachusetts	Total	3,948	2,794	423	463	15.1%	16.6%
14	Massachusetts	Public	524	363	200	211	55.2%	58.2%
14	Massachusetts	Private	3,424	2,430	223	252	9.2%	10.3%
14	Massachusetts	Priv. Manufacturing	687	489	53	55	10.8%	11.3%
14	Massachusetts	Priv. Construction	166	119	26	27	22.1%	22.8%
34	Michigan	Total	5,640	4,190	969	1,024	23.1%	24.4%
34	Michigan	Public	718	526	306	323	58.1%	61.3%
34	Michigan	Private	4,922	3,664	663	701	18.1%	19.1%
34	Michigan	Priv. Manufacturing	1,434	1,088	357	368	32.8%	33.9%
34	Michigan	Priv. Construction	230	174	58	60	33.1%	34.8%
41	Minnesota	Total	2,465	2,196	436	460	19.9%	20.9%
41	Minnesota	Public	374	324	184	198	56.8%	61.2%
41	Minnesota	Private	2,091	1,871	252	261	13.5%	14.0%
41	Minnesota	Priv. Manufacturing	439	388	62	64	16.1%	16.6%
41	Minnesota	Priv. Construction	122	109	46	46	41.8%	41.8%
64	Mississippi	Total	1,819	1,072	58	86	5.4%	8.0%
64	Mississippi	Public	345	199	14	30	7.2%	15.0%
64	Mississippi	Private	1,474	873	43	56	4.9%	6.4%
64	Mississippi	Priv. Manufacturing	404	243	20	24	8.2%	10.0%
64	Mississippi	Priv. Construction	77	45	3	4	6.6%	8.9%
43	Missouri	Total	2,007	2,464	359	389	14.6%	15.8%
43	Missouri	Public	315	376	86	105	22.8%	28.0%
43	Missouri	Private	1,692	2,088	274	283	13.1%	13.6%
43	Missouri	Priv. Manufacturing	321	392	97	98	24.7%	25.0%
43	Missouri	Priv. Construction	113	143	54	56	37.8%	38.7%
81	Montana	Total	2,002	343	47	53	13.8%	15.5%
81	Montana	Public	506	85	29	32	33.9%	38.2%
81	Montana	Private	1,496	258	19	21	7.2%	8.0%
81	Montana	Priv. Manufacturing	194	34	5	5	13.6%	14.1%
81	Montana	Priv. Construction	89	16	3	3	16.8%	18.6%
46	Nebraska	Total	2,203	741	69	91	9.3%	12.3%
46	Nebraska	Public	391	129	33	43	25.3%	33.1%
46	Nebraska	Private	1,812	611	36	48	5.9%	7.9%
46	Nebraska	Priv. Manufacturing	298	100	13	19	13.0%	19.4%
46	Nebraska	Priv. Construction	100	34	4	4	13.1%	13.1%
88	Nevada	Total	2,030	770	147	186	19.1%	24.1%
88	Nevada	Public	291	107	44	56	41.2%	52.2%
88	Nevada	Private	1,739	664	103	130	15.5%	19.6%
88	Nevada	Priv. Manufacturing	106	39	3	5	8.9%	11.7%
88	Nevada	Priv. Construction	165	65	23	24	34.9%	36.7%
12	New Hampshire	Total	1,677	544	56	63	10.2%	11.5%
12	New Hampshire	Public	237	76	33	38	43.1%	49.5%
12	New Hampshire	Private	1,440	468	23	25	4.9%	5.4%
12	New Hampshire	Priv. Manufacturing	401	132	9	10	6.6%	7.7%
12	New Hampshire	Priv. Construction	70	23	3	4	13.7%	15.6%
22	New Jersey	Total	5,038	3,652	802	866	22.0%	23.7%
22	New Jersey	Public	765	546	339	366	62.1%	66.9%
22	New Jersey	Private	4,273	3,105	463	501	14.9%	16.1%
22	New Jersey	Priv. Manufacturing	837	608	134	141	22.0%	23.2%
22	New Jersey	Priv. Construction	202	147	46	48	31.1%	32.5%
85	New Mexico	Total	2,027	664	56	75	8.4%	11.3%
85	New Mexico	Public	533	173	28	41	16.0%	23.5%
85	New Mexico	Private	1,494	490	28	34	5.7%	7.0%
85	New Mexico	Priv. Manufacturing	118	39	3	3	6.7%	7.5%
85	New Mexico	Priv. Construction	117	40	4	4	9.6%	9.6%
21	New York	Total	9,451	7,406	1,949	2,050	26.3%	27.7%
21	New York	Public	1,833	1,419	992	1,025	69.9%	72.2%
21	New York	Private	7,618	5,987	957	1,025	16.0%	17.1%
21	New York	Priv. Manufacturing	1,294	1,011	225	233	22.3%	23.1%
21	New York	Priv. Construction	364	290	92	98	31.8%	33.8%
56	North Carolina	Total	4,287	3,337	126	153	3.8%	4.6%
56	North Carolina	Public	667	514	48	63	9.4%	12.3%
56	North Carolina	Private	3,620	2,823	78	89	2.8%	3.2%
56	North Carolina	Priv. Manufacturing	1,092	863	22	26	2.5%	3.0%
56	North Carolina	Priv. Construction	244	201	4	4	2.1%	2.1%
44	North Dakota	Total	2,050	277	24	28	8.6%	10.1%
44	North Dakota	Public	394	52	10	12	18.5%	22.7%
44	North Dakota	Private	1,656	225	14	16	6.3%	7.2%
44	North Dakota	Priv. Manufacturing	163	22	4	4	17.4%	19.2%
44	North Dakota	Priv. Construction	88	12	2	2	16.0%	16.0%
31	Ohio	Total	6,074	4,940	931	1,003	18.9%	20.3%
31	Ohio	Public	832	664	314	349	47.4%	52.6%
31	Ohio	Private	5,242	4,277	617	653	14.4%	15.3%
31	Ohio	Priv. Manufacturing	1,338	1,103	315	324	28.5%	29.3%
31	Ohio	Priv. Construction	242	203	65	68	31.9%	33.6%
73	Oklahoma	Total	2,192	1,305	110	134	8.4%	10.2%
73	Oklahoma	Public	420	250	43	64	17.3%	25.5%
73	Oklahoma	Private	1,772	1,055	66	70	6.3%	6.6%
73	Oklahoma	Priv. Manufacturing	298	177	28	28	15.8%	15.8%
73	Oklahoma	Priv. Construction	107	66	4	4	6.8%	6.8%
92	Oregon	Total	1,846	1,374	242	272	17.6%	19.8%
92	Oregon	Public	281	203	111	124	54.7%	61.1%
92	Oregon	Private	1,565	1,171	131	148	11.2%	12.6%
92	Oregon	Priv. Manufacturing	339	256	39	42	15.2%	16.5%
92	Oregon	Priv. Construction	114	87	20	20	23.3%	23.3%
23	Pennsylvania	Total	6,535	5,064	866	924	17.1%	18.2%
23	Pennsylvania	Public	868	678	349	378	51.4%	55.7%
23	Pennsylvania	Private	5,667	4,386	517	546	11.8%	12.4%
23	Pennsylvania	Priv. Manufacturing	1,245	979	212	215	21.6%	22.0%
23	Pennsylvania	Priv. Construction	250	201	48	50	23.9%	25.0%
15	Rhode Island	Total	1,649	434	81	85	18.7%	19.5%
15	Rhode Island	Public	238	59	41	43	69.0%	72.1%
15	Rhode Island	Private	1,411	374	40	42	10.7%	11.2%
15	Rhode Island	Priv. Manufacturing	350	93	9	9	9.6%	9.9%
15	Rhode Island	Priv. Construction	53	14	2	2	16.1%	16.1%
57	South Carolina	Total	1,797	1,659	61	83	3.7%	5.0%
57	South Carolina	Public	314	288	20	33	6.9%	11.4%
57	South Carolina	Private	1,483	1,372	41	50	3.0%	3.7%
57	South Carolina	Priv. Manufacturing	426	395	22	24	5.6%	6.0%
57	South Carolina	Priv. Construction	104	99	2	4	2.5%	4.0%
45	South Dakota	Total	2,158	306	21	26	6.9%	8.6%
45	South Dakota	Public	430	57	11	15	19.9%	25.9%
45	South Dakota	Private	1,728	249	10	11	3.9%	4.6%
45	South Dakota	Priv. Manufacturing	307	46	4	4	8.7%	9.6%
45	South Dakota	Priv. Construction	94	13	0	1	2.7%	4.6%
62	Tennessee	Total	1,921	2,234	193	234	8.6%	10.5%
62	Tennessee	Public	310	354	74	101	20.8%	28.6%
62	Tennessee	Private	1,611	1,880	119	133	6.3%	7.1%
62	Tennessee	Priv. Manufacturing	407	467	51	54	10.9%	11.6%
62	Tennessee	Priv. Construction	100	117	17	17	14.5%	14.5%
74	Texas	Total	7,577	8,356	539	651	6.4%	7.8%
74	Texas	Public	1,246	1,349	245	295	18.2%	21.9%
74	Texas	Private	6,331	7,007	294	356	4.2%	5.1%
74	Texas	Priv. Manufacturing	1,086	1,198	114	123	9.5%	10.3%
74	Texas	Priv. Construction	430	493	26	33	5.3%	6.7%
87	Utah	Total	2,368	891	74	86	8.3%	9.7%
87	Utah	Public	471	173	40	49	23.2%	28.1%
87	Utah	Private	1,897	718	34	38	4.7%	5.3%
87	Utah	Priv. Manufacturing	352	133	8	8	5.9%	5.9%
87	Utah	Priv. Construction	141	55	6	7	10.7%	12.2%
13	Vermont	Total	1,594	258	22	26	8.5%	10.0%
13	Vermont	Public	217	34	13	17	38.5%	48.9%
13	Vermont	Private	1,377	224	9	9	3.8%	4.0%
13	Vermont	Priv. Manufacturing	293	47	3	3	6.2%	6.2%
13	Vermont	Priv. Construction	67	11	1	1	5.9%	5.9%
54	Virginia	Total	2,478	2,962	193	220	6.5%	7.4%
54	Virginia	Public	478	558	73	90	13.0%	16.1%
54	Virginia	Private	2,000	2,404	120	131	5.0%	5.4%
54	Virginia	Priv. Manufacturing	324	396	35	38	8.7%	9.6%
54	Virginia	Priv. Construction	159	194	7	7	3.4%	3.4%
91	Washington	Total	2,083	2,483	508	563	20.5%	22.7%
91	Washington	Public	357	420	209	232	49.8%	55.2%
91	Washington	Private	1,726	2,062	299	331	14.5%	16.1%
91	Washington	Priv. Manufacturing	339	409	107	115	26.1%	28.1%
91	Washington	Priv. Construction	131	156	40	43	26.0%	27.3%
55	West Virginia	Total	1,890	678	106	112	15.6%	16.6%
55	West Virginia	Public	373	132	38	43	28.5%	32.2%
55	West Virginia	Private	1,517	546	68	70	12.4%	12.8%
55	West Virginia	Priv. Manufacturing	222	79	19	19	24.6%	24.6%
55	West Virginia	Priv. Construction	99	37	9	9	24.1%	24.1%
35	Wisconsin	Total	2,517	2,493	468	499	18.8%	20.0%
35	Wisconsin	Public	369	358	203	217	56.6%	60.5%
35	Wisconsin	Private	2,148	2,135	265	282	12.4%	13.2%
35	Wisconsin	Priv. Manufacturing	636	634	135	142	21.4%	22.4%
35	Wisconsin	Priv. Construction	93	94	31	31	32.7%	32.7%
83	Wyoming	Total	1,903	202	19	22	9.3%	10.9%
83	Wyoming	Public	497	51	9	11	17.2%	21.5%
83	Wyoming	Private	1,406	150	10	11	6.5%	7.3%
83	Wyoming	Priv. Manufacturing	102	11	1	2	13.1%	15.2%
83	Wyoming	Priv. Construction	98	11	0	0	4.1%	4.1%
Copyright 2024 by Barry T. Hirsch, David A. Macpherson, and William E. Even.  The use of this data requires citation.