Union Membership, Coverage, Density and Employment by State: 1994
State Census Code	State	Sector	Obs	Employment (in 1000s)	Members (in 1000s)	Covered (in 1000s)	% Mem	% Cov
63	Alabama	Total	2,117	1,699	236	270	13.9%	15.9%
63	Alabama	Public	380	299	99	113	33.1%	37.8%
63	Alabama	Private	1,737	1,399	137	157	9.8%	11.2%
63	Alabama	Priv. Manufacturing	512	409	80	87	19.6%	21.2%
63	Alabama	Priv. Construction	109	93	10	12	11.1%	13.4%
94	Alaska	Total	2,250	244	47	54	19.3%	22.3%
94	Alaska	Public	734	81	31	36	38.0%	44.2%
94	Alaska	Private	1,516	163	16	19	10.0%	11.4%
94	Alaska	Priv. Manufacturing	92	10	1	1	14.4%	14.4%
94	Alaska	Priv. Construction	103	11	3	3	24.2%	25.5%
86	Arizona	Total	1,789	1,601	127	161	7.9%	10.1%
86	Arizona	Public	342	302	62	82	20.5%	27.2%
86	Arizona	Private	1,447	1,298	65	79	5.0%	6.1%
86	Arizona	Priv. Manufacturing	211	186	5	9	2.9%	5.0%
86	Arizona	Priv. Construction	115	109	8	9	7.6%	8.6%
71	Arkansas	Total	2,055	972	77	98	7.9%	10.1%
71	Arkansas	Public	338	157	23	34	14.9%	21.6%
71	Arkansas	Private	1,717	815	54	64	6.6%	7.9%
71	Arkansas	Priv. Manufacturing	516	249	31	37	12.4%	14.8%
71	Arkansas	Priv. Construction	89	43	2	3	4.1%	7.2%
93	California	Total	12,293	12,181	2,185	2,470	17.9%	20.3%
93	California	Public	2,074	2,063	1,061	1,242	51.4%	60.2%
93	California	Private	10,219	10,118	1,124	1,228	11.1%	12.1%
93	California	Priv. Manufacturing	2,096	2,029	223	251	11.0%	12.4%
93	California	Priv. Construction	496	513	115	117	22.4%	22.7%
84	Colorado	Total	2,212	1,646	179	214	10.9%	13.0%
84	Colorado	Public	388	284	78	96	27.4%	33.8%
84	Colorado	Private	1,824	1,362	102	119	7.5%	8.7%
84	Colorado	Priv. Manufacturing	288	214	15	17	6.8%	8.1%
84	Colorado	Priv. Construction	123	93	16	16	17.4%	17.4%
16	Connecticut	Total	1,702	1,451	290	298	20.0%	20.5%
16	Connecticut	Public	253	217	143	147	65.8%	67.6%
16	Connecticut	Private	1,449	1,234	147	151	11.9%	12.3%
16	Connecticut	Priv. Manufacturing	340	287	40	42	14.0%	14.4%
16	Connecticut	Priv. Construction	61	50	13	13	26.8%	26.8%
51	Delaware	Total	1,612	332	44	49	13.3%	14.6%
51	Delaware	Public	224	45	15	17	32.3%	37.1%
51	Delaware	Private	1,388	287	30	32	10.3%	11.1%
51	Delaware	Priv. Manufacturing	306	63	14	15	22.0%	24.0%
51	Delaware	Priv. Construction	82	17	2	2	11.6%	12.7%
53	District of Columbia	Total	1,546	262	40	51	15.3%	19.3%
53	District of Columbia	Public	530	88	23	29	26.3%	33.0%
53	District of Columbia	Private	1,016	174	17	22	9.7%	12.4%
53	District of Columbia	Priv. Manufacturing	52	8	1	2	15.6%	20.5%
53	District of Columbia	Priv. Construction	40	7	2	2	22.1%	22.1%
59	Florida	Total	7,142	5,516	452	607	8.2%	11.0%
59	Florida	Public	1,154	872	258	348	29.6%	39.9%
59	Florida	Private	5,988	4,644	194	259	4.2%	5.6%
59	Florida	Priv. Manufacturing	676	529	27	33	5.1%	6.2%
59	Florida	Priv. Construction	375	307	19	23	6.3%	7.5%
58	Georgia	Total	2,443	3,070	244	288	8.0%	9.4%
58	Georgia	Public	439	554	95	112	17.1%	20.2%
58	Georgia	Private	2,004	2,516	150	176	5.9%	7.0%
58	Georgia	Priv. Manufacturing	470	608	60	66	9.8%	10.8%
58	Georgia	Priv. Construction	107	137	13	16	9.8%	11.7%
95	Hawaii	Total	1,655	482	135	144	28.0%	29.9%
95	Hawaii	Public	352	105	62	65	59.4%	61.8%
95	Hawaii	Private	1,303	377	73	79	19.3%	21.0%
95	Hawaii	Priv. Manufacturing	50	14	3	3	24.1%	24.1%
95	Hawaii	Priv. Construction	84	24	13	13	53.4%	53.4%
82	Idaho	Total	2,233	455	39	49	8.5%	10.7%
82	Idaho	Public	447	89	19	24	21.1%	27.0%
82	Idaho	Private	1,786	366	20	25	5.4%	6.7%
82	Idaho	Priv. Manufacturing	381	80	8	10	10.6%	12.3%
82	Idaho	Priv. Construction	144	30	3	3	10.7%	10.7%
33	Illinois	Total	7,306	5,070	1,007	1,087	19.9%	21.4%
33	Illinois	Public	1,039	717	335	365	46.7%	50.9%
33	Illinois	Private	6,267	4,353	672	722	15.4%	16.6%
33	Illinois	Priv. Manufacturing	1,443	1,000	227	239	22.7%	24.0%
33	Illinois	Priv. Construction	283	198	106	111	53.6%	55.9%
32	Indiana	Total	2,238	2,561	494	535	19.3%	20.9%
32	Indiana	Public	300	327	102	127	31.0%	38.7%
32	Indiana	Private	1,938	2,234	393	408	17.6%	18.3%
32	Indiana	Priv. Manufacturing	673	735	265	272	36.0%	37.0%
32	Indiana	Priv. Construction	95	123	40	42	32.3%	34.5%
42	Iowa	Total	2,337	1,215	161	194	13.2%	15.9%
42	Iowa	Public	409	212	67	86	31.6%	40.6%
42	Iowa	Private	1,928	1,003	94	107	9.4%	10.7%
42	Iowa	Priv. Manufacturing	459	238	54	62	22.8%	26.0%
42	Iowa	Priv. Construction	91	48	8	9	17.3%	18.5%
47	Kansas	Total	2,110	1,064	106	152	10.0%	14.3%
47	Kansas	Public	415	206	38	60	18.5%	28.9%
47	Kansas	Private	1,695	858	68	93	8.0%	10.8%
47	Kansas	Priv. Manufacturing	387	197	31	47	15.7%	23.9%
47	Kansas	Priv. Construction	77	41	9	9	22.0%	22.0%
61	Kentucky	Total	1,978	1,491	171	200	11.5%	13.4%
61	Kentucky	Public	353	267	46	61	17.1%	22.8%
61	Kentucky	Private	1,625	1,225	126	139	10.3%	11.4%
61	Kentucky	Priv. Manufacturing	385	291	66	70	22.5%	24.1%
61	Kentucky	Priv. Construction	90	67	12	12	17.5%	18.5%
72	Louisiana	Total	1,633	1,583	121	148	7.7%	9.4%
72	Louisiana	Public	308	293	57	73	19.5%	25.0%
72	Louisiana	Private	1,325	1,291	64	75	5.0%	5.8%
72	Louisiana	Priv. Manufacturing	172	167	24	26	14.1%	15.8%
72	Louisiana	Priv. Construction	88	86	8	10	9.3%	11.3%
11	Maine	Total	1,547	460	72	80	15.6%	17.5%
11	Maine	Public	253	73	38	44	52.1%	59.5%
11	Maine	Private	1,294	387	33	37	8.6%	9.5%
11	Maine	Priv. Manufacturing	310	93	18	19	20.0%	20.6%
11	Maine	Priv. Construction	55	17	1	1	4.2%	4.2%
52	Maryland	Total	1,858	2,324	372	434	16.0%	18.7%
52	Maryland	Public	456	564	182	219	32.4%	38.9%
52	Maryland	Private	1,402	1,761	189	215	10.8%	12.2%
52	Maryland	Priv. Manufacturing	181	225	54	56	24.0%	25.0%
52	Maryland	Priv. Construction	87	109	18	20	16.7%	18.0%
14	Massachusetts	Total	7,147	2,639	419	454	15.9%	17.2%
14	Massachusetts	Public	984	357	205	222	57.4%	62.2%
14	Massachusetts	Private	6,163	2,281	214	231	9.4%	10.1%
14	Massachusetts	Priv. Manufacturing	1,208	442	52	54	11.7%	12.2%
14	Massachusetts	Priv. Construction	271	101	19	20	18.7%	20.2%
34	Michigan	Total	7,597	4,034	961	1,028	23.8%	25.5%
34	Michigan	Public	1,144	586	329	352	56.1%	60.0%
34	Michigan	Private	6,453	3,448	632	677	18.3%	19.6%
34	Michigan	Priv. Manufacturing	1,941	1,029	342	354	33.2%	34.4%
34	Michigan	Priv. Construction	275	147	46	48	31.7%	32.4%
41	Minnesota	Total	2,152	2,101	413	443	19.7%	21.1%
41	Minnesota	Public	369	343	194	209	56.5%	61.0%
41	Minnesota	Private	1,783	1,758	220	233	12.5%	13.3%
41	Minnesota	Priv. Manufacturing	378	368	60	65	16.2%	17.6%
41	Minnesota	Priv. Construction	86	83	22	23	26.5%	27.5%
64	Mississippi	Total	2,185	1,038	67	85	6.4%	8.2%
64	Mississippi	Public	381	176	21	27	11.7%	15.5%
64	Mississippi	Private	1,804	862	46	58	5.3%	6.7%
64	Mississippi	Priv. Manufacturing	486	229	26	33	11.5%	14.3%
64	Mississippi	Priv. Construction	117	56	3	4	5.1%	6.6%
43	Missouri	Total	1,871	2,219	329	362	14.8%	16.3%
43	Missouri	Public	269	314	67	82	21.5%	26.3%
43	Missouri	Private	1,602	1,905	262	280	13.7%	14.7%
43	Missouri	Priv. Manufacturing	364	421	89	94	21.2%	22.3%
43	Missouri	Priv. Construction	86	106	46	46	43.6%	43.6%
81	Montana	Total	2,027	322	60	66	18.8%	20.6%
81	Montana	Public	501	77	31	35	40.3%	45.3%
81	Montana	Private	1,526	245	29	31	12.0%	12.8%
81	Montana	Priv. Manufacturing	153	25	7	7	28.4%	29.1%
81	Montana	Priv. Construction	76	12	3	4	27.4%	30.0%
46	Nebraska	Total	2,427	722	78	97	10.7%	13.4%
46	Nebraska	Public	431	126	38	51	30.0%	40.0%
46	Nebraska	Private	1,996	596	40	47	6.6%	7.8%
46	Nebraska	Priv. Manufacturing	346	102	17	20	16.3%	19.3%
46	Nebraska	Priv. Construction	89	27	5	5	17.0%	17.0%
88	Nevada	Total	1,955	659	121	136	18.4%	20.7%
88	Nevada	Public	270	88	38	43	43.4%	48.9%
88	Nevada	Private	1,685	570	83	93	14.5%	16.3%
88	Nevada	Priv. Manufacturing	107	36	2	3	6.8%	8.5%
88	Nevada	Priv. Construction	147	51	10	11	19.5%	20.8%
12	New Hampshire	Total	1,495	515	55	67	10.7%	13.0%
12	New Hampshire	Public	208	70	31	39	44.4%	56.0%
12	New Hampshire	Private	1,287	445	24	28	5.4%	6.2%
12	New Hampshire	Priv. Manufacturing	356	122	9	10	7.4%	8.0%
12	New Hampshire	Priv. Construction	51	17	2	3	12.7%	17.0%
22	New Jersey	Total	7,523	3,372	780	849	23.1%	25.2%
22	New Jersey	Public	1,238	546	338	367	62.0%	67.3%
22	New Jersey	Private	6,285	2,826	441	482	15.6%	17.0%
22	New Jersey	Priv. Manufacturing	1,276	572	130	140	22.7%	24.5%
22	New Jersey	Priv. Construction	268	124	40	42	32.0%	33.9%
85	New Mexico	Total	1,712	603	56	68	9.3%	11.4%
85	New Mexico	Public	465	162	31	40	19.3%	24.9%
85	New Mexico	Private	1,247	441	25	28	5.7%	6.4%
85	New Mexico	Priv. Manufacturing	124	43	3	3	6.2%	6.2%
85	New Mexico	Priv. Construction	96	36	1	1	2.7%	3.8%
21	New York	Total	11,304	7,103	2,050	2,175	28.9%	30.6%
21	New York	Public	2,275	1,426	1,035	1,085	72.6%	76.0%
21	New York	Private	9,029	5,677	1,015	1,090	17.9%	19.2%
21	New York	Priv. Manufacturing	1,633	1,034	250	261	24.2%	25.2%
21	New York	Priv. Construction	362	234	74	78	31.8%	33.2%
56	North Carolina	Total	7,338	3,066	159	201	5.2%	6.6%
56	North Carolina	Public	1,198	498	68	95	13.7%	19.0%
56	North Carolina	Private	6,140	2,568	91	107	3.5%	4.2%
56	North Carolina	Priv. Manufacturing	2,060	864	44	49	5.1%	5.7%
56	North Carolina	Priv. Construction	365	153	1	1	0.5%	0.8%
44	North Dakota	Total	2,316	259	24	31	9.4%	12.0%
44	North Dakota	Public	572	62	15	19	23.4%	30.1%
44	North Dakota	Private	1,744	196	10	12	5.0%	6.3%
44	North Dakota	Priv. Manufacturing	162	18	3	4	18.2%	21.5%
44	North Dakota	Priv. Construction	113	13	1	2	10.8%	11.9%
31	Ohio	Total	7,854	4,704	897	977	19.1%	20.8%
31	Ohio	Public	1,151	683	301	336	44.0%	49.2%
31	Ohio	Private	6,703	4,021	596	640	14.8%	15.9%
31	Ohio	Priv. Manufacturing	1,910	1,141	333	347	29.2%	30.4%
31	Ohio	Priv. Construction	307	189	49	51	26.0%	27.0%
73	Oklahoma	Total	2,165	1,255	111	136	8.8%	10.9%
73	Oklahoma	Public	445	252	48	71	18.9%	28.0%
73	Oklahoma	Private	1,720	1,003	63	66	6.3%	6.6%
73	Oklahoma	Priv. Manufacturing	334	191	29	30	15.2%	15.8%
73	Oklahoma	Priv. Construction	75	44	4	4	9.3%	9.3%
92	Oregon	Total	1,804	1,282	275	295	21.5%	23.0%
92	Oregon	Public	344	238	132	145	55.3%	60.8%
92	Oregon	Private	1,460	1,044	144	150	13.7%	14.4%
92	Oregon	Priv. Manufacturing	322	230	54	55	23.4%	24.0%
92	Oregon	Priv. Construction	73	56	9	10	15.6%	16.9%
23	Pennsylvania	Total	7,532	4,899	962	1,039	19.6%	21.2%
23	Pennsylvania	Public	997	642	356	389	55.4%	60.5%
23	Pennsylvania	Private	6,535	4,257	607	651	14.3%	15.3%
23	Pennsylvania	Priv. Manufacturing	1,489	957	254	263	26.5%	27.5%
23	Pennsylvania	Priv. Construction	311	207	46	48	22.1%	23.1%
15	Rhode Island	Total	1,565	410	67	72	16.3%	17.6%
15	Rhode Island	Public	209	52	37	38	69.8%	72.7%
15	Rhode Island	Private	1,356	358	30	34	8.4%	9.5%
15	Rhode Island	Priv. Manufacturing	360	94	11	11	11.4%	11.9%
15	Rhode Island	Priv. Construction	58	15	3	3	17.8%	21.1%
57	South Carolina	Total	2,090	1,542	59	80	3.8%	5.2%
57	South Carolina	Public	338	243	29	43	11.8%	17.9%
57	South Carolina	Private	1,752	1,298	31	37	2.4%	2.8%
57	South Carolina	Priv. Manufacturing	567	424	13	13	3.2%	3.2%
57	South Carolina	Priv. Construction	92	72	1	2	1.4%	2.2%
45	South Dakota	Total	2,491	284	23	30	8.3%	10.5%
45	South Dakota	Public	548	61	11	16	18.7%	25.5%
45	South Dakota	Private	1,943	223	12	14	5.4%	6.4%
45	South Dakota	Priv. Manufacturing	340	39	5	6	11.8%	14.2%
45	South Dakota	Priv. Construction	110	12	2	2	12.7%	12.7%
62	Tennessee	Total	2,139	2,227	265	307	11.9%	13.8%
62	Tennessee	Public	312	320	78	87	24.3%	27.1%
62	Tennessee	Private	1,827	1,907	187	221	9.8%	11.6%
62	Tennessee	Priv. Manufacturing	535	550	99	125	18.0%	22.7%
62	Tennessee	Priv. Construction	93	98	15	16	15.3%	16.3%
74	Texas	Total	7,762	7,714	543	680	7.0%	8.8%
74	Texas	Public	1,472	1,408	251	334	17.8%	23.7%
74	Texas	Private	6,290	6,306	292	347	4.6%	5.5%
74	Texas	Priv. Manufacturing	1,093	1,105	100	109	9.1%	9.9%
74	Texas	Priv. Construction	408	431	16	18	3.8%	4.3%
87	Utah	Total	2,126	820	80	105	9.7%	12.8%
87	Utah	Public	458	174	47	63	26.9%	36.5%
87	Utah	Private	1,668	647	33	42	5.1%	6.4%
87	Utah	Priv. Manufacturing	328	126	7	9	5.2%	7.2%
87	Utah	Priv. Construction	118	47	3	5	7.3%	9.9%
13	Vermont	Total	1,431	243	23	27	9.4%	11.1%
13	Vermont	Public	219	36	13	16	37.0%	45.6%
13	Vermont	Private	1,212	207	9	11	4.6%	5.1%
13	Vermont	Priv. Manufacturing	272	46	4	4	7.8%	8.6%
13	Vermont	Priv. Construction	55	9	0	0	4.3%	4.3%
54	Virginia	Total	2,723	2,877	211	281	7.3%	9.8%
54	Virginia	Public	607	611	89	128	14.6%	21.0%
54	Virginia	Private	2,116	2,265	122	153	5.4%	6.7%
54	Virginia	Priv. Manufacturing	386	422	50	57	11.9%	13.5%
54	Virginia	Priv. Construction	131	140	7	8	4.8%	5.7%
91	Washington	Total	1,903	2,213	487	561	22.0%	25.3%
91	Washington	Public	384	444	202	236	45.5%	53.1%
91	Washington	Private	1,519	1,769	285	324	16.1%	18.3%
91	Washington	Priv. Manufacturing	265	305	94	112	30.9%	36.8%
91	Washington	Priv. Construction	92	109	24	24	22.3%	22.3%
55	West Virginia	Total	1,786	642	113	120	17.6%	18.7%
55	West Virginia	Public	362	128	31	35	24.5%	27.2%
55	West Virginia	Private	1,424	514	82	85	15.9%	16.6%
55	West Virginia	Priv. Manufacturing	260	93	33	34	35.3%	36.8%
55	West Virginia	Priv. Construction	78	28	6	6	23.4%	23.4%
35	Wisconsin	Total	2,678	2,351	431	456	18.3%	19.4%
35	Wisconsin	Public	418	354	183	196	51.6%	55.5%
35	Wisconsin	Private	2,260	1,997	248	259	12.4%	13.0%
35	Wisconsin	Priv. Manufacturing	673	598	142	145	23.8%	24.2%
35	Wisconsin	Priv. Construction	121	110	33	36	30.3%	32.2%
83	Wyoming	Total	1,650	194	22	28	11.5%	14.4%
83	Wyoming	Public	396	46	10	14	22.3%	31.0%
83	Wyoming	Private	1,254	148	12	14	8.1%	9.3%
83	Wyoming	Priv. Manufacturing	90	11	1	2	12.8%	17.2%
83	Wyoming	Priv. Construction	98	12	1	1	6.3%	7.4%
Copyright 2024 by Barry T. Hirsch, David A. Macpherson, and William E. Even.  The use of this data requires citation.