Union Membership, Coverage, Density and Employment by State: 1993
State Census Code	State	Sector	Obs	Employment (in 1000s)	Members (in 1000s)	Covered (in 1000s)	% Mem	% Cov
63	Alabama	Total	2,204	1,657	243	281	14.7%	17.0%
63	Alabama	Public	381	276	77	99	27.8%	35.9%
63	Alabama	Private	1,823	1,381	166	182	12.0%	13.2%
63	Alabama	Priv. Manufacturing	529	396	97	106	24.6%	26.7%
63	Alabama	Priv. Construction	119	89	18	18	20.0%	20.0%
94	Alaska	Total	2,419	240	48	53	20.0%	22.1%
94	Alaska	Public	755	75	31	34	41.3%	45.6%
94	Alaska	Private	1,664	165	17	19	10.3%	11.4%
94	Alaska	Priv. Manufacturing	110	11	2	2	14.4%	14.4%
94	Alaska	Priv. Construction	124	12	4	4	34.1%	34.4%
86	Arizona	Total	1,635	1,490	114	154	7.6%	10.3%
86	Arizona	Public	315	279	50	74	17.9%	26.4%
86	Arizona	Private	1,320	1,212	64	81	5.2%	6.6%
86	Arizona	Priv. Manufacturing	193	182	7	9	3.9%	4.9%
86	Arizona	Priv. Construction	103	98	11	13	11.6%	13.6%
71	Arkansas	Total	2,133	936	77	97	8.3%	10.4%
71	Arkansas	Public	365	157	19	28	12.2%	18.1%
71	Arkansas	Private	1,768	778	58	69	7.5%	8.8%
71	Arkansas	Priv. Manufacturing	523	232	30	36	12.8%	15.7%
71	Arkansas	Priv. Construction	96	43	3	4	6.9%	8.3%
93	California	Total	12,691	12,018	2,139	2,415	17.8%	20.1%
93	California	Public	2,150	2,052	984	1,154	47.9%	56.2%
93	California	Private	10,541	9,967	1,156	1,261	11.6%	12.7%
93	California	Priv. Manufacturing	2,179	2,019	232	252	11.5%	12.5%
93	California	Priv. Construction	503	517	117	121	22.5%	23.5%
84	Colorado	Total	2,208	1,559	153	178	9.8%	11.4%
84	Colorado	Public	389	274	61	80	22.3%	29.2%
84	Colorado	Private	1,819	1,285	92	98	7.2%	7.7%
84	Colorado	Priv. Manufacturing	312	219	12	14	5.6%	6.5%
84	Colorado	Priv. Construction	108	79	11	11	14.5%	14.5%
16	Connecticut	Total	1,838	1,500	281	300	18.7%	20.0%
16	Connecticut	Public	240	197	122	126	62.1%	63.8%
16	Connecticut	Private	1,598	1,303	158	174	12.2%	13.3%
16	Connecticut	Priv. Manufacturing	428	341	57	60	16.9%	17.7%
16	Connecticut	Priv. Construction	63	48	18	18	38.2%	38.2%
51	Delaware	Total	1,619	321	49	55	15.3%	17.1%
51	Delaware	Public	237	46	17	20	37.8%	42.5%
51	Delaware	Private	1,382	274	32	35	11.5%	12.8%
51	Delaware	Priv. Manufacturing	332	66	14	15	21.5%	22.7%
51	Delaware	Priv. Construction	77	16	2	3	14.1%	17.7%
53	District of Columbia	Total	1,490	258	36	48	13.8%	18.6%
53	District of Columbia	Public	507	87	20	28	23.1%	32.0%
53	District of Columbia	Private	983	171	15	20	9.1%	11.7%
53	District of Columbia	Priv. Manufacturing	62	11	2	2	14.3%	21.1%
53	District of Columbia	Priv. Construction	33	6	1	1	12.5%	14.6%
59	Florida	Total	7,294	5,446	420	583	7.7%	10.7%
59	Florida	Public	1,234	926	246	359	26.5%	38.7%
59	Florida	Private	6,060	4,520	174	224	3.9%	5.0%
59	Florida	Priv. Manufacturing	744	550	33	41	6.0%	7.5%
59	Florida	Priv. Construction	369	283	12	14	4.3%	5.0%
58	Georgia	Total	2,004	2,866	191	226	6.7%	7.9%
58	Georgia	Public	376	536	60	74	11.2%	13.7%
58	Georgia	Private	1,628	2,330	131	152	5.6%	6.5%
58	Georgia	Priv. Manufacturing	377	522	49	51	9.4%	9.8%
58	Georgia	Priv. Construction	83	123	10	12	8.2%	9.5%
95	Hawaii	Total	1,727	499	140	156	28.2%	31.4%
95	Hawaii	Public	401	116	65	68	56.4%	58.5%
95	Hawaii	Private	1,326	383	75	89	19.6%	23.1%
95	Hawaii	Priv. Manufacturing	61	18	5	6	30.5%	32.0%
95	Hawaii	Priv. Construction	140	41	21	21	51.9%	51.9%
82	Idaho	Total	2,173	437	44	53	10.2%	12.1%
82	Idaho	Public	419	83	16	21	19.0%	24.9%
82	Idaho	Private	1,754	354	29	32	8.1%	9.1%
82	Idaho	Priv. Manufacturing	370	77	13	14	16.2%	18.0%
82	Idaho	Priv. Construction	127	26	3	3	10.6%	11.8%
33	Illinois	Total	7,352	4,980	1,046	1,118	21.0%	22.5%
33	Illinois	Public	1,099	734	338	368	46.1%	50.1%
33	Illinois	Private	6,253	4,246	708	750	16.7%	17.7%
33	Illinois	Priv. Manufacturing	1,373	941	249	260	26.5%	27.6%
33	Illinois	Priv. Construction	287	196	100	100	50.9%	51.3%
32	Indiana	Total	2,195	2,468	457	486	18.5%	19.7%
32	Indiana	Public	317	352	93	112	26.5%	31.7%
32	Indiana	Private	1,878	2,116	363	374	17.2%	17.7%
32	Indiana	Priv. Manufacturing	619	660	238	244	36.1%	36.9%
32	Indiana	Priv. Construction	97	111	32	33	28.6%	29.4%
42	Iowa	Total	2,547	1,272	163	195	12.8%	15.3%
42	Iowa	Public	461	228	71	92	30.9%	40.4%
42	Iowa	Private	2,086	1,044	93	103	8.9%	9.8%
42	Iowa	Priv. Manufacturing	503	251	61	64	24.2%	25.4%
42	Iowa	Priv. Construction	107	55	11	12	19.5%	21.7%
47	Kansas	Total	2,286	1,079	106	135	9.8%	12.5%
47	Kansas	Public	465	217	43	58	19.8%	26.6%
47	Kansas	Private	1,821	862	63	77	7.3%	8.9%
47	Kansas	Priv. Manufacturing	416	196	31	39	15.9%	20.0%
47	Kansas	Priv. Construction	82	40	5	5	12.0%	13.3%
61	Kentucky	Total	2,006	1,453	184	208	12.7%	14.3%
61	Kentucky	Public	347	246	46	63	18.8%	25.5%
61	Kentucky	Private	1,659	1,207	138	146	11.4%	12.1%
61	Kentucky	Priv. Manufacturing	370	272	73	76	26.9%	27.8%
61	Kentucky	Priv. Construction	116	85	10	10	12.1%	12.1%
72	Louisiana	Total	1,537	1,513	142	166	9.4%	10.9%
72	Louisiana	Public	331	328	70	87	21.2%	26.6%
72	Louisiana	Private	1,206	1,185	73	78	6.1%	6.6%
72	Louisiana	Priv. Manufacturing	180	174	31	31	17.8%	17.8%
72	Louisiana	Priv. Construction	94	90	16	16	17.3%	17.3%
11	Maine	Total	1,703	494	69	79	14.0%	16.0%
11	Maine	Public	274	79	37	44	47.5%	56.3%
11	Maine	Private	1,429	416	32	34	7.7%	8.3%
11	Maine	Priv. Manufacturing	344	100	20	22	20.1%	21.5%
11	Maine	Priv. Construction	59	17	1	1	4.3%	4.3%
52	Maryland	Total	1,892	2,289	354	402	15.5%	17.6%
52	Maryland	Public	496	608	172	199	28.2%	32.7%
52	Maryland	Private	1,396	1,681	182	203	10.9%	12.1%
52	Maryland	Priv. Manufacturing	150	176	43	43	24.7%	24.7%
52	Maryland	Priv. Construction	83	98	13	15	13.6%	15.4%
14	Massachusetts	Total	7,146	2,642	453	487	17.2%	18.4%
14	Massachusetts	Public	1,032	377	230	246	61.0%	65.3%
14	Massachusetts	Private	6,114	2,264	223	241	9.8%	10.6%
14	Massachusetts	Priv. Manufacturing	1,279	472	64	68	13.7%	14.4%
14	Massachusetts	Priv. Construction	238	89	23	24	26.3%	26.7%
34	Michigan	Total	7,678	3,966	968	1,022	24.4%	25.8%
34	Michigan	Public	1,268	643	357	383	55.5%	59.6%
34	Michigan	Private	6,410	3,323	611	639	18.4%	19.2%
34	Michigan	Priv. Manufacturing	1,950	1,012	350	358	34.6%	35.4%
34	Michigan	Priv. Construction	279	144	44	46	30.5%	31.9%
41	Minnesota	Total	2,186	2,031	429	461	21.1%	22.7%
41	Minnesota	Public	411	371	199	216	53.6%	58.2%
41	Minnesota	Private	1,775	1,660	230	246	13.9%	14.8%
41	Minnesota	Priv. Manufacturing	376	349	74	77	21.2%	22.2%
41	Minnesota	Priv. Construction	73	69	21	21	30.6%	30.6%
64	Mississippi	Total	2,275	1,004	75	95	7.5%	9.5%
64	Mississippi	Public	446	191	16	28	8.3%	14.5%
64	Mississippi	Private	1,829	813	59	68	7.3%	8.3%
64	Mississippi	Priv. Manufacturing	540	244	35	39	14.3%	15.8%
64	Mississippi	Priv. Construction	115	52	4	4	7.2%	8.0%
43	Missouri	Total	1,949	2,147	305	344	14.2%	16.0%
43	Missouri	Public	299	317	66	88	21.0%	27.9%
43	Missouri	Private	1,650	1,830	238	255	13.0%	13.9%
43	Missouri	Priv. Manufacturing	410	434	90	95	20.7%	21.9%
43	Missouri	Priv. Construction	83	90	37	40	40.8%	44.1%
81	Montana	Total	2,158	315	59	67	18.6%	21.2%
81	Montana	Public	593	87	33	39	37.7%	44.5%
81	Montana	Private	1,565	228	26	28	11.3%	12.4%
81	Montana	Priv. Manufacturing	153	23	6	6	24.7%	25.9%
81	Montana	Priv. Construction	93	15	3	3	21.7%	21.7%
46	Nebraska	Total	2,615	714	77	105	10.8%	14.8%
46	Nebraska	Public	487	131	39	56	30.0%	42.8%
46	Nebraska	Private	2,128	582	38	49	6.5%	8.5%
46	Nebraska	Priv. Manufacturing	377	104	13	17	12.9%	16.7%
46	Nebraska	Priv. Construction	105	30	5	5	15.2%	16.1%
88	Nevada	Total	1,960	613	108	128	17.7%	20.9%
88	Nevada	Public	291	90	33	44	37.2%	48.6%
88	Nevada	Private	1,669	523	75	84	14.3%	16.1%
88	Nevada	Priv. Manufacturing	100	32	3	4	9.4%	12.1%
88	Nevada	Priv. Construction	150	48	12	14	25.6%	29.9%
12	New Hampshire	Total	1,621	518	43	54	8.2%	10.5%
12	New Hampshire	Public	210	66	23	31	34.9%	46.5%
12	New Hampshire	Private	1,411	452	20	24	4.4%	5.3%
12	New Hampshire	Priv. Manufacturing	387	127	8	10	6.4%	8.0%
12	New Hampshire	Priv. Construction	63	20	2	2	11.0%	11.0%
22	New Jersey	Total	7,541	3,307	733	791	22.2%	23.9%
22	New Jersey	Public	1,250	540	320	347	59.3%	64.3%
22	New Jersey	Private	6,291	2,768	413	444	14.9%	16.0%
22	New Jersey	Priv. Manufacturing	1,249	555	114	120	20.6%	21.6%
22	New Jersey	Priv. Construction	250	110	33	34	30.4%	30.8%
85	New Mexico	Total	1,715	595	48	63	8.0%	10.6%
85	New Mexico	Public	453	155	22	34	14.3%	22.0%
85	New Mexico	Private	1,262	440	25	29	5.8%	6.6%
85	New Mexico	Priv. Manufacturing	120	41	3	3	6.2%	7.3%
85	New Mexico	Priv. Construction	89	33	2	3	5.6%	9.2%
21	New York	Total	11,635	7,089	2,034	2,170	28.7%	30.6%
21	New York	Public	2,425	1,465	1,038	1,085	70.9%	74.1%
21	New York	Private	9,210	5,624	996	1,085	17.7%	19.3%
21	New York	Priv. Manufacturing	1,654	1,011	249	259	24.7%	25.7%
21	New York	Priv. Construction	406	254	94	100	37.1%	39.3%
56	North Carolina	Total	7,748	3,030	169	208	5.6%	6.9%
56	North Carolina	Public	1,286	501	80	102	16.0%	20.4%
56	North Carolina	Private	6,462	2,529	89	106	3.5%	4.2%
56	North Carolina	Priv. Manufacturing	2,158	850	44	49	5.2%	5.8%
56	North Carolina	Priv. Construction	373	148	1	1	0.8%	1.0%
44	North Dakota	Total	2,277	247	22	28	9.0%	11.5%
44	North Dakota	Public	546	57	14	18	24.3%	31.1%
44	North Dakota	Private	1,731	190	8	11	4.3%	5.6%
44	North Dakota	Priv. Manufacturing	168	19	2	3	13.4%	16.3%
44	North Dakota	Priv. Construction	87	10	1	1	10.6%	12.8%
31	Ohio	Total	8,222	4,659	962	1,040	20.7%	22.3%
31	Ohio	Public	1,279	721	341	376	47.3%	52.1%
31	Ohio	Private	6,943	3,939	621	664	15.8%	16.9%
31	Ohio	Priv. Manufacturing	2,004	1,130	342	353	30.3%	31.3%
31	Ohio	Priv. Construction	323	185	50	53	26.8%	28.6%
73	Oklahoma	Total	2,099	1,226	118	131	9.6%	10.7%
73	Oklahoma	Public	464	267	47	56	17.7%	21.1%
73	Oklahoma	Private	1,635	958	70	75	7.3%	7.8%
73	Oklahoma	Priv. Manufacturing	344	202	33	34	16.1%	16.8%
73	Oklahoma	Priv. Construction	74	43	4	4	8.3%	8.3%
92	Oregon	Total	1,838	1,252	246	265	19.6%	21.1%
92	Oregon	Public	369	248	129	140	51.9%	56.5%
92	Oregon	Private	1,469	1,004	117	124	11.7%	12.4%
92	Oregon	Priv. Manufacturing	280	192	46	47	24.0%	24.4%
92	Oregon	Priv. Construction	78	55	8	8	14.9%	14.9%
23	Pennsylvania	Total	7,882	4,956	935	1,035	18.9%	20.9%
23	Pennsylvania	Public	1,072	664	344	394	51.9%	59.4%
23	Pennsylvania	Private	6,810	4,292	590	641	13.8%	14.9%
23	Pennsylvania	Priv. Manufacturing	1,530	960	236	244	24.5%	25.4%
23	Pennsylvania	Priv. Construction	341	219	50	53	22.9%	24.1%
15	Rhode Island	Total	1,617	417	75	78	17.9%	18.6%
15	Rhode Island	Public	233	61	38	38	62.4%	63.3%
15	Rhode Island	Private	1,384	356	37	39	10.3%	11.0%
15	Rhode Island	Priv. Manufacturing	380	98	15	15	15.1%	15.3%
15	Rhode Island	Priv. Construction	42	11	2	2	15.9%	15.9%
57	South Carolina	Total	2,313	1,516	64	89	4.2%	5.8%
57	South Carolina	Public	392	253	25	37	9.9%	14.5%
57	South Carolina	Private	1,921	1,263	39	52	3.1%	4.1%
57	South Carolina	Priv. Manufacturing	602	399	20	26	5.0%	6.4%
57	South Carolina	Priv. Construction	110	76	1	2	1.4%	2.6%
45	South Dakota	Total	2,701	283	22	30	7.9%	10.7%
45	South Dakota	Public	600	61	11	18	18.7%	28.8%
45	South Dakota	Private	2,101	222	11	13	4.9%	5.7%
45	South Dakota	Priv. Manufacturing	369	40	5	6	12.0%	14.2%
45	South Dakota	Priv. Construction	121	13	1	1	4.1%	5.8%
62	Tennessee	Total	2,232	2,082	230	260	11.0%	12.5%
62	Tennessee	Public	354	328	80	94	24.5%	28.5%
62	Tennessee	Private	1,878	1,753	149	166	8.5%	9.5%
62	Tennessee	Priv. Manufacturing	573	529	92	105	17.5%	19.8%
62	Tennessee	Priv. Construction	91	86	8	8	9.4%	9.4%
74	Texas	Total	7,967	7,543	562	705	7.5%	9.3%
74	Texas	Public	1,509	1,392	261	356	18.7%	25.6%
74	Texas	Private	6,458	6,151	301	349	4.9%	5.7%
74	Texas	Priv. Manufacturing	1,081	1,051	96	105	9.1%	10.0%
74	Texas	Priv. Construction	416	412	30	30	7.3%	7.3%
87	Utah	Total	2,108	779	77	105	9.8%	13.5%
87	Utah	Public	471	172	45	64	26.2%	37.3%
87	Utah	Private	1,637	607	31	41	5.2%	6.7%
87	Utah	Priv. Manufacturing	331	123	7	8	6.0%	6.2%
87	Utah	Priv. Construction	88	32	4	4	11.5%	11.5%
13	Vermont	Total	1,441	253	25	30	9.9%	11.9%
13	Vermont	Public	239	40	18	21	44.1%	52.9%
13	Vermont	Private	1,202	213	7	9	3.4%	4.1%
13	Vermont	Priv. Manufacturing	248	45	2	3	5.5%	6.7%
13	Vermont	Priv. Construction	62	11	1	1	7.0%	7.0%
54	Virginia	Total	2,620	2,881	249	318	8.6%	11.0%
54	Virginia	Public	554	605	106	148	17.5%	24.5%
54	Virginia	Private	2,066	2,275	143	169	6.3%	7.4%
54	Virginia	Priv. Manufacturing	381	416	62	67	14.9%	16.2%
54	Virginia	Priv. Construction	134	153	10	10	6.8%	6.8%
91	Washington	Total	1,884	2,135	508	558	23.8%	26.1%
91	Washington	Public	418	465	221	246	47.4%	52.8%
91	Washington	Private	1,466	1,670	288	312	17.2%	18.7%
91	Washington	Priv. Manufacturing	266	299	89	99	29.7%	33.0%
91	Washington	Priv. Construction	79	91	25	28	27.3%	31.1%
55	West Virginia	Total	1,775	644	113	128	17.5%	19.9%
55	West Virginia	Public	365	133	32	42	24.1%	31.8%
55	West Virginia	Private	1,410	512	81	86	15.8%	16.8%
55	West Virginia	Priv. Manufacturing	291	106	42	44	39.7%	41.3%
55	West Virginia	Priv. Construction	64	24	7	7	28.2%	28.2%
35	Wisconsin	Total	2,864	2,289	443	472	19.3%	20.6%
35	Wisconsin	Public	460	358	184	197	51.5%	54.9%
35	Wisconsin	Private	2,404	1,931	258	275	13.4%	14.2%
35	Wisconsin	Priv. Manufacturing	730	587	161	167	27.3%	28.5%
35	Wisconsin	Priv. Construction	120	98	28	28	28.4%	28.4%
83	Wyoming	Total	1,575	193	21	25	10.8%	13.2%
83	Wyoming	Public	401	49	9	13	18.5%	25.8%
83	Wyoming	Private	1,174	144	12	13	8.2%	8.9%
83	Wyoming	Priv. Manufacturing	73	9	1	1	9.2%	13.4%
83	Wyoming	Priv. Construction	74	9	1	1	11.9%	11.9%
Copyright 2024 by Barry T. Hirsch, David A. Macpherson, and William E. Even.  The use of this data requires citation.