Union Membership, Coverage, Density and Employment by State: 1990
State Census Code	State	Sector	Obs	Employment (in 1000s)	Members (in 1000s)	Covered (in 1000s)	% Mem	% Cov
63	Alabama	Total	2,130	1,585	194	229	12.2%	14.4%
63	Alabama	Public	399	291	59	83	20.2%	28.4%
63	Alabama	Private	1,731	1,295	135	146	10.4%	11.3%
63	Alabama	Priv. Manufacturing	558	417	92	98	22.1%	23.6%
63	Alabama	Priv. Construction	116	84	9	11	11.1%	12.8%
94	Alaska	Total	2,611	213	49	55	22.9%	25.8%
94	Alaska	Public	795	65	28	32	43.3%	48.7%
94	Alaska	Private	1,816	148	21	23	13.9%	15.7%
94	Alaska	Priv. Manufacturing	107	10	3	3	30.9%	36.6%
94	Alaska	Priv. Construction	119	10	3	3	33.9%	35.6%
86	Arizona	Total	1,856	1,486	115	140	7.7%	9.4%
86	Arizona	Public	330	262	56	70	21.3%	26.7%
86	Arizona	Private	1,526	1,224	59	70	4.9%	5.7%
86	Arizona	Priv. Manufacturing	265	210	9	10	4.2%	4.5%
86	Arizona	Priv. Construction	96	80	9	9	11.6%	11.6%
71	Arkansas	Total	2,117	879	91	107	10.3%	12.1%
71	Arkansas	Public	386	158	28	33	17.7%	20.9%
71	Arkansas	Private	1,731	720	62	74	8.7%	10.2%
71	Arkansas	Priv. Manufacturing	491	204	35	41	17.0%	19.8%
71	Arkansas	Priv. Construction	86	37	3	4	7.1%	9.9%
93	California	Total	14,786	12,526	2,268	2,624	18.1%	20.9%
93	California	Public	2,330	1,969	915	1,116	46.5%	56.7%
93	California	Private	12,456	10,557	1,353	1,508	12.8%	14.3%
93	California	Priv. Manufacturing	2,823	2,365	367	413	15.5%	17.5%
93	California	Priv. Construction	805	715	174	183	24.4%	25.6%
84	Colorado	Total	2,108	1,473	154	177	10.5%	12.0%
84	Colorado	Public	413	285	67	81	23.6%	28.4%
84	Colorado	Private	1,695	1,188	87	96	7.3%	8.1%
84	Colorado	Priv. Manufacturing	297	209	18	18	8.4%	8.8%
84	Colorado	Priv. Construction	91	67	8	8	11.7%	11.7%
16	Connecticut	Total	1,988	1,573	277	309	17.6%	19.7%
16	Connecticut	Public	250	198	118	129	59.3%	64.9%
16	Connecticut	Private	1,738	1,375	159	181	11.6%	13.1%
16	Connecticut	Priv. Manufacturing	486	379	67	72	17.6%	18.9%
16	Connecticut	Priv. Construction	87	70	11	14	16.0%	20.5%
51	Delaware	Total	1,901	311	46	52	14.9%	16.8%
51	Delaware	Public	269	44	16	19	36.6%	42.9%
51	Delaware	Private	1,632	267	30	33	11.3%	12.5%
51	Delaware	Priv. Manufacturing	420	70	16	17	23.2%	24.9%
51	Delaware	Priv. Construction	119	19	4	4	18.8%	18.8%
53	District of Columbia	Total	1,748	285	46	56	16.0%	19.6%
53	District of Columbia	Public	596	97	24	30	24.7%	31.3%
53	District of Columbia	Private	1,152	188	22	26	11.6%	13.5%
53	District of Columbia	Priv. Manufacturing	57	9	2	2	17.6%	17.6%
53	District of Columbia	Priv. Construction	54	10	3	3	28.5%	32.0%
59	Florida	Total	8,336	5,260	422	551	8.0%	10.5%
59	Florida	Public	1,414	875	235	320	26.8%	36.5%
59	Florida	Private	6,922	4,385	187	231	4.3%	5.3%
59	Florida	Priv. Manufacturing	976	628	51	62	8.1%	9.9%
59	Florida	Priv. Construction	477	303	16	17	5.1%	5.6%
58	Georgia	Total	2,084	2,796	190	236	6.8%	8.4%
58	Georgia	Public	366	486	61	86	12.5%	17.8%
58	Georgia	Private	1,718	2,310	129	149	5.6%	6.5%
58	Georgia	Priv. Manufacturing	438	594	50	53	8.4%	9.0%
58	Georgia	Priv. Construction	90	114	10	10	8.6%	8.6%
95	Hawaii	Total	1,836	460	135	145	29.3%	31.5%
95	Hawaii	Public	409	102	57	60	55.5%	58.7%
95	Hawaii	Private	1,427	358	78	85	21.7%	23.8%
95	Hawaii	Priv. Manufacturing	99	25	10	10	40.9%	40.9%
95	Hawaii	Priv. Construction	133	33	16	17	49.8%	53.1%
82	Idaho	Total	2,252	390	36	42	9.3%	10.9%
82	Idaho	Public	426	73	13	17	18.2%	23.9%
82	Idaho	Private	1,826	317	23	25	7.3%	7.9%
82	Idaho	Priv. Manufacturing	397	70	13	13	18.0%	19.2%
82	Idaho	Priv. Construction	117	20	2	2	8.1%	8.1%
33	Illinois	Total	7,917	4,990	1,038	1,133	20.8%	22.7%
33	Illinois	Public	1,215	752	338	380	44.9%	50.6%
33	Illinois	Private	6,702	4,238	700	752	16.5%	17.8%
33	Illinois	Priv. Manufacturing	1,637	1,043	291	305	27.9%	29.2%
33	Illinois	Priv. Construction	324	204	93	97	45.5%	47.4%
32	Indiana	Total	2,232	2,387	472	508	19.8%	21.3%
32	Indiana	Public	315	314	89	109	28.3%	34.6%
32	Indiana	Private	1,917	2,072	383	399	18.5%	19.3%
32	Indiana	Priv. Manufacturing	637	635	237	240	37.3%	37.8%
32	Indiana	Priv. Construction	107	122	36	37	29.6%	30.2%
42	Iowa	Total	2,347	1,149	177	230	15.4%	20.0%
42	Iowa	Public	477	233	71	107	30.6%	45.8%
42	Iowa	Private	1,870	916	106	123	11.6%	13.5%
42	Iowa	Priv. Manufacturing	472	232	67	75	28.8%	32.6%
42	Iowa	Priv. Construction	90	44	9	10	20.2%	22.2%
47	Kansas	Total	2,373	1,034	116	151	11.2%	14.6%
47	Kansas	Public	480	209	39	61	18.9%	29.3%
47	Kansas	Private	1,893	826	77	90	9.3%	10.9%
47	Kansas	Priv. Manufacturing	443	194	38	47	19.5%	24.0%
47	Kansas	Priv. Construction	90	39	8	8	19.3%	19.3%
61	Kentucky	Total	1,954	1,447	206	223	14.2%	15.4%
61	Kentucky	Public	359	262	58	70	22.3%	26.9%
61	Kentucky	Private	1,595	1,185	147	152	12.4%	12.9%
61	Kentucky	Priv. Manufacturing	365	269	72	74	26.9%	27.6%
61	Kentucky	Priv. Construction	77	57	14	14	23.9%	23.9%
72	Louisiana	Total	1,641	1,474	114	138	7.7%	9.4%
72	Louisiana	Public	318	282	45	58	16.1%	20.8%
72	Louisiana	Private	1,323	1,192	68	80	5.7%	6.7%
72	Louisiana	Priv. Manufacturing	184	169	28	31	16.4%	18.5%
72	Louisiana	Priv. Construction	100	95	13	13	13.9%	13.9%
11	Maine	Total	1,898	507	88	107	17.4%	21.1%
11	Maine	Public	347	93	48	59	52.1%	63.3%
11	Maine	Private	1,551	414	40	48	9.6%	11.7%
11	Maine	Priv. Manufacturing	383	102	25	28	24.6%	27.0%
11	Maine	Priv. Construction	109	29	2	2	6.6%	6.6%
52	Maryland	Total	2,066	2,269	328	384	14.5%	16.9%
52	Maryland	Public	529	583	152	194	26.1%	33.2%
52	Maryland	Private	1,537	1,686	176	190	10.4%	11.3%
52	Maryland	Priv. Manufacturing	233	249	48	51	19.4%	20.3%
52	Maryland	Priv. Construction	132	152	18	19	11.6%	12.7%
14	Massachusetts	Total	7,549	2,735	479	513	17.5%	18.8%
14	Massachusetts	Public	1,082	384	228	241	59.2%	62.7%
14	Massachusetts	Private	6,467	2,351	251	272	10.7%	11.6%
14	Massachusetts	Priv. Manufacturing	1,534	551	89	92	16.1%	16.6%
14	Massachusetts	Priv. Construction	309	113	24	25	20.9%	21.8%
34	Michigan	Total	7,796	3,852	974	1,039	25.3%	27.0%
34	Michigan	Public	1,219	593	320	345	53.9%	58.2%
34	Michigan	Private	6,577	3,260	654	694	20.1%	21.3%
34	Michigan	Priv. Manufacturing	2,094	1,043	371	383	35.5%	36.7%
34	Michigan	Priv. Construction	254	126	37	41	29.6%	32.3%
41	Minnesota	Total	2,168	1,936	390	424	20.1%	21.9%
41	Minnesota	Public	354	312	164	178	52.5%	57.1%
41	Minnesota	Private	1,814	1,624	226	245	13.9%	15.1%
41	Minnesota	Priv. Manufacturing	401	359	75	81	20.9%	22.4%
41	Minnesota	Priv. Construction	90	83	36	36	43.4%	43.4%
64	Mississippi	Total	2,266	962	76	92	7.9%	9.6%
64	Mississippi	Public	438	181	17	26	9.3%	14.5%
64	Mississippi	Private	1,828	782	59	66	7.6%	8.5%
64	Mississippi	Priv. Manufacturing	536	230	34	37	14.9%	16.2%
64	Mississippi	Priv. Construction	94	42	4	4	8.4%	9.7%
43	Missouri	Total	2,037	2,154	294	337	13.6%	15.7%
43	Missouri	Public	278	282	50	66	17.7%	23.5%
43	Missouri	Private	1,759	1,872	244	271	13.0%	14.5%
43	Missouri	Priv. Manufacturing	442	458	91	98	19.9%	21.4%
43	Missouri	Priv. Construction	81	90	36	37	39.4%	41.3%
81	Montana	Total	2,213	301	54	61	18.0%	20.4%
81	Montana	Public	553	77	26	31	34.4%	40.2%
81	Montana	Private	1,660	224	28	30	12.4%	13.6%
81	Montana	Priv. Manufacturing	172	23	6	7	28.0%	28.5%
81	Montana	Priv. Construction	87	12	3	3	26.2%	28.5%
46	Nebraska	Total	2,434	659	72	101	11.0%	15.3%
46	Nebraska	Public	476	128	34	49	26.8%	38.1%
46	Nebraska	Private	1,958	532	38	52	7.2%	9.8%
46	Nebraska	Priv. Manufacturing	395	109	19	24	17.7%	22.4%
46	Nebraska	Priv. Construction	90	25	3	3	10.8%	13.0%
88	Nevada	Total	2,172	560	91	103	16.3%	18.4%
88	Nevada	Public	298	73	27	32	36.4%	44.2%
88	Nevada	Private	1,874	487	65	71	13.3%	14.5%
88	Nevada	Priv. Manufacturing	116	31	3	3	11.3%	11.3%
88	Nevada	Priv. Construction	155	40	9	10	23.9%	24.6%
12	New Hampshire	Total	1,748	516	59	67	11.4%	13.0%
12	New Hampshire	Public	239	69	30	34	43.3%	50.1%
12	New Hampshire	Private	1,509	448	29	33	6.6%	7.3%
12	New Hampshire	Priv. Manufacturing	474	142	12	14	8.6%	9.8%
12	New Hampshire	Priv. Construction	90	26	4	4	13.7%	14.8%
22	New Jersey	Total	7,926	3,444	827	905	24.0%	26.3%
22	New Jersey	Public	1,290	552	329	353	59.7%	63.8%
22	New Jersey	Private	6,636	2,892	498	552	17.2%	19.1%
22	New Jersey	Priv. Manufacturing	1,529	667	166	177	24.8%	26.5%
22	New Jersey	Priv. Construction	364	159	66	66	41.5%	41.8%
85	New Mexico	Total	1,934	552	39	53	7.0%	9.5%
85	New Mexico	Public	534	149	12	23	7.9%	15.2%
85	New Mexico	Private	1,400	403	27	30	6.7%	7.5%
85	New Mexico	Priv. Manufacturing	160	47	5	6	11.3%	11.9%
85	New Mexico	Priv. Construction	105	30	3	3	10.2%	11.4%
21	New York	Total	12,985	7,542	2,113	2,305	28.0%	30.6%
21	New York	Public	2,563	1,458	1,012	1,078	69.4%	73.9%
21	New York	Private	10,422	6,084	1,102	1,227	18.1%	20.2%
21	New York	Priv. Manufacturing	2,102	1,215	306	333	25.2%	27.4%
21	New York	Priv. Construction	563	337	117	127	34.8%	37.8%
56	North Carolina	Total	8,145	2,953	152	190	5.2%	6.4%
56	North Carolina	Public	1,258	451	58	77	12.8%	17.1%
56	North Carolina	Private	6,887	2,503	95	112	3.8%	4.5%
56	North Carolina	Priv. Manufacturing	2,473	897	49	53	5.4%	5.9%
56	North Carolina	Priv. Construction	448	166	2	3	1.1%	1.8%
44	North Dakota	Total	2,297	242	29	37	11.9%	15.2%
44	North Dakota	Public	578	60	15	21	25.5%	34.4%
44	North Dakota	Private	1,719	182	13	16	7.4%	8.8%
44	North Dakota	Priv. Manufacturing	180	19	4	4	20.8%	21.4%
44	North Dakota	Priv. Construction	84	9	1	2	16.2%	17.1%
31	Ohio	Total	8,334	4,601	960	1,068	20.9%	23.2%
31	Ohio	Public	1,237	675	272	334	40.3%	49.4%
31	Ohio	Private	7,097	3,926	688	734	17.5%	18.7%
31	Ohio	Priv. Manufacturing	2,130	1,176	395	410	33.5%	34.9%
31	Ohio	Priv. Construction	339	195	55	59	28.4%	30.2%
73	Oklahoma	Total	2,047	1,208	128	155	10.6%	12.9%
73	Oklahoma	Public	458	268	61	83	22.9%	30.9%
73	Oklahoma	Private	1,589	940	66	73	7.1%	7.7%
73	Oklahoma	Priv. Manufacturing	350	210	32	32	15.3%	15.4%
73	Oklahoma	Priv. Construction	77	45	5	5	10.2%	11.5%
92	Oregon	Total	1,874	1,167	236	272	20.2%	23.3%
92	Oregon	Public	319	195	105	127	54.0%	65.0%
92	Oregon	Private	1,555	972	130	145	13.4%	14.9%
92	Oregon	Priv. Manufacturing	363	230	55	59	24.1%	25.6%
92	Oregon	Priv. Construction	72	46	13	14	29.6%	30.8%
23	Pennsylvania	Total	7,978	4,924	1,001	1,113	20.3%	22.6%
23	Pennsylvania	Public	1,091	664	338	382	50.9%	57.5%
23	Pennsylvania	Private	6,887	4,260	664	731	15.6%	17.2%
23	Pennsylvania	Priv. Manufacturing	1,769	1,092	310	327	28.4%	29.9%
23	Pennsylvania	Priv. Construction	430	272	69	74	25.3%	27.0%
15	Rhode Island	Total	1,766	434	78	84	18.0%	19.4%
15	Rhode Island	Public	257	62	39	40	62.0%	64.9%
15	Rhode Island	Private	1,509	372	40	44	10.7%	11.8%
15	Rhode Island	Priv. Manufacturing	426	103	14	14	13.5%	14.0%
15	Rhode Island	Priv. Construction	82	21	4	5	19.7%	25.7%
57	South Carolina	Total	2,661	1,482	68	90	4.6%	6.1%
57	South Carolina	Public	440	243	23	35	9.3%	14.3%
57	South Carolina	Private	2,221	1,239	45	55	3.6%	4.5%
57	South Carolina	Priv. Manufacturing	749	423	27	32	6.4%	7.6%
57	South Carolina	Priv. Construction	171	97	4	5	4.3%	5.0%
45	South Dakota	Total	2,464	257	21	29	8.4%	11.3%
45	South Dakota	Public	523	55	12	17	22.2%	31.3%
45	South Dakota	Private	1,941	201	9	12	4.6%	5.8%
45	South Dakota	Priv. Manufacturing	300	31	3	4	10.4%	13.8%
45	South Dakota	Priv. Construction	89	9	0	0	4.3%	4.3%
62	Tennessee	Total	2,182	2,000	234	281	11.7%	14.1%
62	Tennessee	Public	336	306	68	95	22.3%	31.2%
62	Tennessee	Private	1,846	1,694	166	186	9.8%	11.0%
62	Tennessee	Priv. Manufacturing	637	583	103	118	17.7%	20.2%
62	Tennessee	Priv. Construction	94	87	9	9	10.6%	10.6%
74	Texas	Total	8,524	7,130	451	595	6.3%	8.3%
74	Texas	Public	1,505	1,217	174	242	14.3%	19.9%
74	Texas	Private	7,019	5,913	277	353	4.7%	6.0%
74	Texas	Priv. Manufacturing	1,392	1,196	111	138	9.3%	11.6%
74	Texas	Priv. Construction	481	416	24	28	5.7%	6.7%
87	Utah	Total	2,119	677	63	87	9.3%	12.9%
87	Utah	Public	443	140	35	49	24.8%	34.7%
87	Utah	Private	1,676	537	28	39	5.2%	7.2%
87	Utah	Priv. Manufacturing	364	118	6	6	4.7%	5.5%
87	Utah	Priv. Construction	81	27	4	5	15.0%	18.7%
13	Vermont	Total	1,583	233	29	35	12.6%	15.1%
13	Vermont	Public	252	36	17	20	45.5%	56.3%
13	Vermont	Private	1,331	197	13	15	6.5%	7.5%
13	Vermont	Priv. Manufacturing	278	41	7	7	15.9%	16.5%
13	Vermont	Priv. Construction	101	15	1	2	9.2%	10.5%
54	Virginia	Total	3,017	2,781	232	301	8.3%	10.8%
54	Virginia	Public	706	643	98	142	15.3%	22.1%
54	Virginia	Private	2,311	2,139	133	159	6.2%	7.4%
54	Virginia	Priv. Manufacturing	467	429	58	65	13.4%	15.1%
54	Virginia	Priv. Construction	171	163	10	12	6.0%	7.2%
91	Washington	Total	2,273	2,077	470	535	22.6%	25.8%
91	Washington	Public	423	381	184	213	48.4%	56.0%
91	Washington	Private	1,850	1,696	285	321	16.8%	19.0%
91	Washington	Priv. Manufacturing	398	366	112	126	30.6%	34.5%
91	Washington	Priv. Construction	122	112	27	27	24.0%	24.0%
55	West Virginia	Total	1,892	621	120	136	19.2%	21.8%
55	West Virginia	Public	347	113	25	35	22.4%	30.5%
55	West Virginia	Private	1,545	508	94	101	18.5%	19.9%
55	West Virginia	Priv. Manufacturing	297	97	39	42	40.6%	42.9%
55	West Virginia	Priv. Construction	108	37	10	11	27.7%	29.6%
35	Wisconsin	Total	2,871	2,190	448	471	20.4%	21.5%
35	Wisconsin	Public	472	357	173	182	48.4%	50.9%
35	Wisconsin	Private	2,399	1,833	275	289	15.0%	15.7%
35	Wisconsin	Priv. Manufacturing	692	533	154	158	28.8%	29.5%
35	Wisconsin	Priv. Construction	113	86	31	32	35.8%	37.3%
83	Wyoming	Total	1,594	189	25	32	13.4%	16.8%
83	Wyoming	Public	441	51	13	16	25.9%	32.0%
83	Wyoming	Private	1,153	137	12	15	8.8%	11.0%
83	Wyoming	Priv. Manufacturing	76	9	1	2	9.8%	17.6%
83	Wyoming	Priv. Construction	80	10	1	1	11.2%	11.2%
Copyright 2024 by Barry T. Hirsch, David A. Macpherson, and William E. Even.  The use of this data requires citation.