Union Membership, Coverage, Density and Employment by State: 1988
State Census Code	State	Sector	Obs	Employment (in 1000s)	Members (in 1000s)	Covered (in 1000s)	% Mem	% Cov
63	Alabama	Total	2,121	1,555	221	249	14.2%	16.0%
63	Alabama	Public	436	320	76	92	23.9%	28.8%
63	Alabama	Private	1,685	1,235	144	157	11.7%	12.7%
63	Alabama	Priv. Manufacturing	489	354	87	92	24.5%	26.1%
63	Alabama	Priv. Construction	115	84	11	11	13.0%	13.0%
94	Alaska	Total	2,497	186	45	50	24.3%	26.8%
94	Alaska	Public	795	61	28	31	46.4%	50.4%
94	Alaska	Private	1,702	125	17	19	13.5%	15.3%
94	Alaska	Priv. Manufacturing	77	6	1	1	16.4%	16.4%
94	Alaska	Priv. Construction	103	7	2	3	31.9%	36.4%
86	Arizona	Total	1,840	1,363	94	118	6.9%	8.7%
86	Arizona	Public	301	225	39	54	17.1%	23.9%
86	Arizona	Private	1,539	1,139	56	64	4.9%	5.6%
86	Arizona	Priv. Manufacturing	256	191	9	11	4.9%	5.6%
86	Arizona	Priv. Construction	126	96	13	14	13.7%	14.4%
71	Arkansas	Total	2,176	892	86	105	9.6%	11.7%
71	Arkansas	Public	389	158	26	30	16.5%	19.0%
71	Arkansas	Private	1,787	734	59	75	8.1%	10.2%
71	Arkansas	Priv. Manufacturing	516	215	41	53	19.1%	24.5%
71	Arkansas	Priv. Construction	104	42	3	3	6.6%	6.6%
93	California	Total	9,679	11,643	2,150	2,510	18.5%	21.6%
93	California	Public	1,612	1,872	893	1,113	47.7%	59.4%
93	California	Private	8,067	9,770	1,257	1,397	12.9%	14.3%
93	California	Priv. Manufacturing	1,855	2,321	361	396	15.6%	17.0%
93	California	Priv. Construction	515	634	166	181	26.1%	28.5%
84	Colorado	Total	1,917	1,391	146	173	10.5%	12.4%
84	Colorado	Public	381	274	66	80	24.2%	29.1%
84	Colorado	Private	1,536	1,117	80	93	7.2%	8.3%
84	Colorado	Priv. Manufacturing	284	202	21	24	10.6%	12.0%
84	Colorado	Priv. Construction	80	57	11	11	19.7%	19.7%
16	Connecticut	Total	1,929	1,544	299	317	19.4%	20.5%
16	Connecticut	Public	245	195	124	130	63.5%	66.6%
16	Connecticut	Private	1,684	1,349	176	187	13.0%	13.8%
16	Connecticut	Priv. Manufacturing	499	392	74	79	18.9%	20.1%
16	Connecticut	Priv. Construction	114	90	22	22	24.6%	24.6%
51	Delaware	Total	2,065	311	49	52	15.7%	16.8%
51	Delaware	Public	307	46	20	22	43.7%	47.2%
51	Delaware	Private	1,758	265	29	30	10.8%	11.5%
51	Delaware	Priv. Manufacturing	429	65	14	15	22.0%	22.6%
51	Delaware	Priv. Construction	111	17	3	3	14.4%	15.4%
53	District of Columbia	Total	1,992	297	44	57	14.9%	19.2%
53	District of Columbia	Public	764	114	25	33	21.9%	29.0%
53	District of Columbia	Private	1,228	182	19	24	10.5%	13.0%
53	District of Columbia	Priv. Manufacturing	63	9	0	1	4.8%	10.5%
53	District of Columbia	Priv. Construction	57	9	3	3	31.0%	34.7%
59	Florida	Total	8,196	5,045	394	540	7.8%	10.7%
59	Florida	Public	1,252	763	203	298	26.6%	39.1%
59	Florida	Private	6,944	4,282	191	241	4.5%	5.6%
59	Florida	Priv. Manufacturing	982	605	37	49	6.2%	8.2%
59	Florida	Priv. Construction	616	391	17	23	4.3%	5.8%
58	Georgia	Total	2,229	2,659	281	331	10.6%	12.4%
58	Georgia	Public	364	433	78	109	18.1%	25.1%
58	Georgia	Private	1,865	2,226	202	222	9.1%	10.0%
58	Georgia	Priv. Manufacturing	489	588	85	93	14.4%	15.8%
58	Georgia	Priv. Construction	127	157	18	18	11.2%	11.2%
95	Hawaii	Total	1,842	442	134	145	30.5%	32.9%
95	Hawaii	Public	437	105	62	65	59.2%	61.8%
95	Hawaii	Private	1,405	337	72	81	21.5%	23.9%
95	Hawaii	Priv. Manufacturing	93	22	9	10	42.0%	44.3%
95	Hawaii	Priv. Construction	96	22	10	10	44.5%	46.6%
82	Idaho	Total	2,136	374	42	51	11.3%	13.6%
82	Idaho	Public	444	75	14	19	18.2%	24.9%
82	Idaho	Private	1,692	299	29	32	9.6%	10.8%
82	Idaho	Priv. Manufacturing	385	68	18	19	25.9%	27.1%
82	Idaho	Priv. Construction	88	16	2	2	12.0%	12.0%
33	Illinois	Total	7,556	4,841	1,031	1,120	21.3%	23.1%
33	Illinois	Public	1,130	712	309	348	43.4%	48.9%
33	Illinois	Private	6,426	4,129	722	772	17.5%	18.7%
33	Illinois	Priv. Manufacturing	1,612	1,036	274	290	26.5%	28.0%
33	Illinois	Priv. Construction	330	212	103	106	48.4%	50.1%
32	Indiana	Total	2,366	2,361	486	530	20.6%	22.4%
32	Indiana	Public	350	340	78	106	22.9%	31.0%
32	Indiana	Private	2,016	2,021	408	424	20.2%	21.0%
32	Indiana	Priv. Manufacturing	684	675	291	298	43.1%	44.2%
32	Indiana	Priv. Construction	99	94	29	31	31.1%	33.5%
42	Iowa	Total	2,268	1,157	168	213	14.6%	18.4%
42	Iowa	Public	426	216	58	87	26.8%	40.5%
42	Iowa	Private	1,842	942	111	125	11.8%	13.3%
42	Iowa	Priv. Manufacturing	484	250	73	78	29.1%	31.0%
42	Iowa	Priv. Construction	81	42	9	11	21.9%	25.8%
47	Kansas	Total	2,248	1,043	127	149	12.2%	14.2%
47	Kansas	Public	428	198	38	50	19.3%	25.2%
47	Kansas	Private	1,820	845	89	99	10.5%	11.7%
47	Kansas	Priv. Manufacturing	439	204	43	50	21.3%	24.3%
47	Kansas	Priv. Construction	78	36	8	8	23.1%	23.1%
61	Kentucky	Total	1,926	1,383	228	251	16.5%	18.2%
61	Kentucky	Public	311	219	44	59	20.0%	26.8%
61	Kentucky	Private	1,615	1,164	184	193	15.8%	16.5%
61	Kentucky	Priv. Manufacturing	413	301	109	113	36.3%	37.6%
61	Kentucky	Priv. Construction	107	78	13	14	16.8%	17.5%
72	Louisiana	Total	1,666	1,519	145	168	9.6%	11.1%
72	Louisiana	Public	320	286	50	64	17.3%	22.4%
72	Louisiana	Private	1,346	1,233	96	104	7.8%	8.4%
72	Louisiana	Priv. Manufacturing	182	167	36	38	21.7%	22.8%
72	Louisiana	Priv. Construction	109	105	18	19	17.5%	18.2%
11	Maine	Total	1,934	492	82	91	16.6%	18.5%
11	Maine	Public	293	75	40	44	53.6%	58.8%
11	Maine	Private	1,641	417	41	47	9.9%	11.2%
11	Maine	Priv. Manufacturing	464	117	27	30	23.1%	25.4%
11	Maine	Priv. Construction	117	31	3	3	9.0%	9.7%
52	Maryland	Total	2,261	2,130	331	398	15.5%	18.7%
52	Maryland	Public	568	541	166	203	30.7%	37.5%
52	Maryland	Private	1,693	1,589	165	195	10.4%	12.3%
52	Maryland	Priv. Manufacturing	266	247	48	54	19.4%	21.7%
52	Maryland	Priv. Construction	149	141	21	21	14.9%	14.9%
14	Massachusetts	Total	7,781	2,755	509	540	18.5%	19.6%
14	Massachusetts	Public	1,113	388	228	240	58.7%	61.7%
14	Massachusetts	Private	6,668	2,367	280	300	11.8%	12.7%
14	Massachusetts	Priv. Manufacturing	1,773	628	105	110	16.7%	17.5%
14	Massachusetts	Priv. Construction	363	131	32	33	24.1%	25.0%
34	Michigan	Total	7,523	3,791	1,009	1,084	26.6%	28.6%
34	Michigan	Public	1,145	565	311	342	55.1%	60.5%
34	Michigan	Private	6,378	3,226	698	743	21.6%	23.0%
34	Michigan	Priv. Manufacturing	2,111	1,070	432	446	40.4%	41.7%
34	Michigan	Priv. Construction	286	146	49	53	33.7%	36.2%
41	Minnesota	Total	2,221	1,909	392	430	20.6%	22.5%
41	Minnesota	Public	363	308	159	175	51.6%	57.0%
41	Minnesota	Private	1,858	1,601	234	254	14.6%	15.9%
41	Minnesota	Priv. Manufacturing	433	371	77	86	20.7%	23.1%
41	Minnesota	Priv. Construction	86	75	31	32	41.4%	42.6%
64	Mississippi	Total	2,142	931	70	84	7.6%	9.0%
64	Mississippi	Public	411	175	20	27	11.3%	15.6%
64	Mississippi	Private	1,731	757	51	56	6.7%	7.4%
64	Mississippi	Priv. Manufacturing	522	227	30	33	13.1%	14.4%
64	Mississippi	Priv. Construction	110	50	5	5	9.3%	9.3%
43	Missouri	Total	2,234	2,147	360	405	16.8%	18.8%
43	Missouri	Public	363	338	83	111	24.5%	32.7%
43	Missouri	Private	1,871	1,808	277	294	15.3%	16.3%
43	Missouri	Priv. Manufacturing	455	433	102	108	23.5%	24.9%
43	Missouri	Priv. Construction	84	82	29	29	35.7%	35.7%
81	Montana	Total	2,176	293	52	60	17.7%	20.3%
81	Montana	Public	579	78	27	32	34.6%	41.7%
81	Montana	Private	1,597	215	25	27	11.6%	12.6%
81	Montana	Priv. Manufacturing	190	26	7	7	26.2%	26.6%
81	Montana	Priv. Construction	71	10	2	3	23.7%	28.4%
46	Nebraska	Total	2,302	655	77	111	11.7%	16.9%
46	Nebraska	Public	429	122	36	52	29.6%	42.9%
46	Nebraska	Private	1,873	533	40	59	7.6%	11.0%
46	Nebraska	Priv. Manufacturing	342	98	17	23	17.4%	23.3%
46	Nebraska	Priv. Construction	93	27	2	3	5.9%	10.2%
88	Nevada	Total	2,038	497	90	104	18.1%	20.9%
88	Nevada	Public	287	68	24	30	34.5%	43.4%
88	Nevada	Private	1,751	429	66	74	15.5%	17.3%
88	Nevada	Priv. Manufacturing	136	33	2	2	6.0%	6.0%
88	Nevada	Priv. Construction	137	34	10	11	29.1%	30.9%
12	New Hampshire	Total	1,779	501	51	61	10.2%	12.1%
12	New Hampshire	Public	213	58	23	28	38.6%	48.1%
12	New Hampshire	Private	1,566	442	29	33	6.5%	7.4%
12	New Hampshire	Priv. Manufacturing	502	143	13	15	9.3%	10.8%
12	New Hampshire	Priv. Construction	137	41	3	3	6.6%	8.5%
22	New Jersey	Total	7,641	3,426	817	893	23.9%	26.1%
22	New Jersey	Public	1,214	538	296	328	55.0%	61.0%
22	New Jersey	Private	6,427	2,888	521	565	18.1%	19.6%
22	New Jersey	Priv. Manufacturing	1,511	685	177	190	25.8%	27.7%
22	New Jersey	Priv. Construction	365	162	56	56	34.5%	34.5%
85	New Mexico	Total	1,880	535	45	58	8.4%	10.9%
85	New Mexico	Public	499	142	16	25	11.4%	17.5%
85	New Mexico	Private	1,381	393	29	34	7.3%	8.5%
85	New Mexico	Priv. Manufacturing	163	47	5	5	10.3%	10.9%
85	New Mexico	Priv. Construction	101	30	3	3	9.2%	9.2%
21	New York	Total	8,942	7,231	2,032	2,163	28.1%	29.9%
21	New York	Public	1,693	1,345	909	957	67.6%	71.1%
21	New York	Private	7,249	5,886	1,123	1,207	19.1%	20.5%
21	New York	Priv. Manufacturing	1,543	1,228	302	318	24.6%	25.9%
21	New York	Priv. Construction	437	368	132	134	35.8%	36.5%
56	North Carolina	Total	8,026	2,863	181	218	6.3%	7.6%
56	North Carolina	Public	1,192	421	76	92	18.1%	21.7%
56	North Carolina	Private	6,834	2,442	105	127	4.3%	5.2%
56	North Carolina	Priv. Manufacturing	2,492	892	56	66	6.2%	7.4%
56	North Carolina	Priv. Construction	479	175	4	4	2.4%	2.4%
44	North Dakota	Total	2,305	245	28	38	11.4%	15.6%
44	North Dakota	Public	565	60	15	22	25.7%	36.1%
44	North Dakota	Private	1,740	185	13	17	6.8%	9.0%
44	North Dakota	Priv. Manufacturing	139	15	3	4	19.2%	23.7%
44	North Dakota	Priv. Construction	98	10	2	2	22.5%	23.5%
31	Ohio	Total	7,928	4,481	1,002	1,090	22.4%	24.3%
31	Ohio	Public	1,193	675	293	339	43.4%	50.2%
31	Ohio	Private	6,735	3,806	709	751	18.6%	19.7%
31	Ohio	Priv. Manufacturing	2,092	1,179	417	434	35.3%	36.9%
31	Ohio	Priv. Construction	327	190	50	53	26.1%	27.7%
73	Oklahoma	Total	1,980	1,206	119	133	9.9%	11.0%
73	Oklahoma	Public	422	244	47	55	19.1%	22.5%
73	Oklahoma	Private	1,558	962	72	78	7.5%	8.1%
73	Oklahoma	Priv. Manufacturing	308	188	35	37	18.6%	19.5%
73	Oklahoma	Priv. Construction	67	41	5	5	11.9%	11.9%
92	Oregon	Total	1,699	1,103	229	264	20.8%	23.9%
92	Oregon	Public	290	186	90	113	48.4%	60.8%
92	Oregon	Private	1,409	917	139	151	15.1%	16.5%
92	Oregon	Priv. Manufacturing	356	230	56	57	24.3%	24.9%
92	Oregon	Priv. Construction	55	36	8	9	22.7%	24.9%
23	Pennsylvania	Total	7,669	4,907	1,036	1,144	21.1%	23.3%
23	Pennsylvania	Public	1,036	669	324	372	48.5%	55.6%
23	Pennsylvania	Private	6,633	4,238	712	772	16.8%	18.2%
23	Pennsylvania	Priv. Manufacturing	1,709	1,089	347	362	31.9%	33.2%
23	Pennsylvania	Priv. Construction	358	233	55	57	23.8%	24.6%
15	Rhode Island	Total	1,797	456	90	94	19.8%	20.5%
15	Rhode Island	Public	260	65	44	44	67.0%	68.0%
15	Rhode Island	Private	1,537	391	47	49	11.9%	12.6%
15	Rhode Island	Priv. Manufacturing	475	122	20	20	16.1%	16.7%
15	Rhode Island	Priv. Construction	75	18	6	6	30.5%	30.5%
57	South Carolina	Total	2,560	1,417	73	94	5.1%	6.6%
57	South Carolina	Public	459	253	24	35	9.7%	13.8%
57	South Carolina	Private	2,101	1,164	48	59	4.1%	5.1%
57	South Carolina	Priv. Manufacturing	789	438	27	36	6.3%	8.2%
57	South Carolina	Priv. Construction	123	70	3	4	4.9%	5.6%
45	South Dakota	Total	2,400	257	23	28	8.9%	11.0%
45	South Dakota	Public	499	53	13	16	23.9%	30.5%
45	South Dakota	Private	1,901	203	10	12	5.0%	5.9%
45	South Dakota	Priv. Manufacturing	302	33	3	4	9.1%	12.3%
45	South Dakota	Priv. Construction	71	8	1	1	8.0%	8.0%
62	Tennessee	Total	2,135	1,953	240	287	12.3%	14.7%
62	Tennessee	Public	354	321	81	107	25.2%	33.4%
62	Tennessee	Private	1,781	1,632	159	179	9.7%	11.0%
62	Tennessee	Priv. Manufacturing	563	521	89	101	17.1%	19.4%
62	Tennessee	Priv. Construction	134	123	10	11	8.1%	8.8%
74	Texas	Total	8,392	6,836	475	611	6.9%	8.9%
74	Texas	Public	1,545	1,222	198	265	16.2%	21.7%
74	Texas	Private	6,847	5,614	277	346	4.9%	6.2%
74	Texas	Priv. Manufacturing	1,285	1,080	119	143	11.0%	13.3%
74	Texas	Priv. Construction	429	357	36	38	10.0%	10.6%
87	Utah	Total	1,992	618	76	96	12.2%	15.5%
87	Utah	Public	480	148	47	62	31.7%	42.0%
87	Utah	Private	1,512	470	29	33	6.1%	7.1%
87	Utah	Priv. Manufacturing	339	106	8	10	7.2%	9.0%
87	Utah	Priv. Construction	73	23	3	3	13.8%	15.1%
13	Vermont	Total	1,746	243	26	34	10.6%	14.2%
13	Vermont	Public	267	37	15	20	40.8%	55.0%
13	Vermont	Private	1,479	206	11	14	5.2%	6.9%
13	Vermont	Priv. Manufacturing	361	51	7	8	13.0%	15.4%
13	Vermont	Priv. Construction	120	17	0	0	2.6%	2.6%
54	Virginia	Total	2,999	2,713	249	309	9.2%	11.4%
54	Virginia	Public	641	578	91	119	15.8%	20.6%
54	Virginia	Private	2,358	2,135	157	190	7.4%	8.9%
54	Virginia	Priv. Manufacturing	469	422	56	72	13.3%	17.0%
54	Virginia	Priv. Construction	177	162	10	10	6.4%	6.4%
91	Washington	Total	2,063	1,884	457	538	24.3%	28.6%
91	Washington	Public	428	388	173	209	44.6%	53.9%
91	Washington	Private	1,635	1,496	284	329	19.0%	22.0%
91	Washington	Priv. Manufacturing	366	336	117	135	34.9%	40.1%
91	Washington	Priv. Construction	95	85	23	26	27.3%	30.3%
55	West Virginia	Total	1,767	597	121	137	20.2%	22.9%
55	West Virginia	Public	383	129	26	38	20.0%	29.1%
55	West Virginia	Private	1,384	468	95	99	20.3%	21.2%
55	West Virginia	Priv. Manufacturing	308	103	40	43	39.2%	41.5%
55	West Virginia	Priv. Construction	85	29	5	5	18.5%	18.5%
35	Wisconsin	Total	2,717	2,152	468	489	21.7%	22.7%
35	Wisconsin	Public	430	336	164	180	48.8%	53.5%
35	Wisconsin	Private	2,287	1,815	304	309	16.7%	17.0%
35	Wisconsin	Priv. Manufacturing	748	597	187	189	31.4%	31.7%
35	Wisconsin	Priv. Construction	111	87	35	35	39.7%	39.7%
83	Wyoming	Total	1,440	179	24	29	13.2%	16.4%
83	Wyoming	Public	403	50	10	14	20.1%	27.3%
83	Wyoming	Private	1,037	129	14	16	10.5%	12.1%
83	Wyoming	Priv. Manufacturing	60	8	0	1	3.5%	7.0%
83	Wyoming	Priv. Construction	74	10	1	1	6.5%	6.5%
Copyright 2024 by Barry T. Hirsch, David A. Macpherson, and William E. Even.  The use of this data requires citation.