Union Membership, Coverage, Density and Employment by State: 1985
State Census Code	State	Sector	Obs	Employment (in 1000s)	Members (in 1000s)	Covered (in 1000s)	% Mem	% Cov
63	Alabama	Total	1,898	1,445	227	255	15.7%	17.6%
63	Alabama	Public	371	290	71	87	24.3%	29.8%
63	Alabama	Private	1,527	1,154	156	168	13.5%	14.6%
63	Alabama	Priv. Manufacturing	476	360	91	95	25.2%	26.5%
63	Alabama	Priv. Construction	82	62	13	15	21.0%	23.8%
94	Alaska	Total	2,763	191	48	53	25.0%	28.0%
94	Alaska	Public	824	58	25	29	43.3%	49.7%
94	Alaska	Private	1,939	133	23	25	17.0%	18.6%
94	Alaska	Priv. Manufacturing	142	11	2	2	18.9%	19.5%
94	Alaska	Priv. Construction	203	14	5	5	33.9%	37.1%
86	Arizona	Total	1,791	1,211	116	146	9.5%	12.0%
86	Arizona	Public	318	204	36	52	17.8%	25.5%
86	Arizona	Private	1,473	1,006	79	94	7.9%	9.3%
86	Arizona	Priv. Manufacturing	274	189	15	18	7.8%	9.4%
86	Arizona	Priv. Construction	160	114	23	25	19.9%	21.9%
71	Arkansas	Total	1,938	816	92	108	11.2%	13.3%
71	Arkansas	Public	298	125	26	30	21.0%	23.7%
71	Arkansas	Private	1,640	691	65	79	9.5%	11.4%
71	Arkansas	Priv. Manufacturing	487	203	41	49	20.4%	24.0%
71	Arkansas	Priv. Construction	95	40	4	4	9.4%	9.4%
93	California	Total	14,553	10,408	2,123	2,486	20.4%	23.9%
93	California	Public	2,323	1,686	745	951	44.2%	56.4%
93	California	Private	12,230	8,722	1,378	1,535	15.8%	17.6%
93	California	Priv. Manufacturing	3,158	2,197	408	458	18.6%	20.9%
93	California	Priv. Construction	680	522	161	166	30.8%	31.9%
84	Colorado	Total	2,305	1,394	165	191	11.8%	13.7%
84	Colorado	Public	415	238	63	76	26.4%	31.8%
84	Colorado	Private	1,890	1,156	102	115	8.9%	10.0%
84	Colorado	Priv. Manufacturing	311	196	18	22	9.3%	11.2%
84	Colorado	Priv. Construction	142	87	13	14	15.4%	15.9%
16	Connecticut	Total	2,440	1,469	306	326	20.9%	22.2%
16	Connecticut	Public	303	182	121	125	66.4%	68.7%
16	Connecticut	Private	2,137	1,287	186	201	14.4%	15.6%
16	Connecticut	Priv. Manufacturing	720	435	89	96	20.4%	22.1%
16	Connecticut	Priv. Construction	93	55	10	10	18.5%	18.5%
51	Delaware	Total	2,050	275	46	51	16.6%	18.5%
51	Delaware	Public	317	43	16	19	37.0%	43.9%
51	Delaware	Private	1,733	232	30	32	12.8%	13.8%
51	Delaware	Priv. Manufacturing	496	68	16	17	23.5%	25.4%
51	Delaware	Priv. Construction	129	18	3	3	18.4%	19.7%
53	District of Columbia	Total	1,912	274	45	58	16.5%	21.2%
53	District of Columbia	Public	731	104	22	30	20.7%	28.9%
53	District of Columbia	Private	1,181	170	24	28	13.9%	16.6%
53	District of Columbia	Priv. Manufacturing	72	10	3	3	24.5%	31.1%
53	District of Columbia	Priv. Construction	54	8	2	2	20.6%	29.1%
59	Florida	Total	7,026	4,332	395	516	9.1%	11.9%
59	Florida	Public	1,097	681	200	276	29.4%	40.6%
59	Florida	Private	5,929	3,652	195	239	5.3%	6.6%
59	Florida	Priv. Manufacturing	895	545	45	56	8.2%	10.3%
59	Florida	Priv. Construction	532	335	29	33	8.5%	9.7%
58	Georgia	Total	2,598	2,389	240	273	10.0%	11.4%
58	Georgia	Public	411	370	56	72	15.3%	19.5%
58	Georgia	Private	2,187	2,019	183	201	9.1%	9.9%
58	Georgia	Priv. Manufacturing	614	550	76	85	13.8%	15.5%
58	Georgia	Priv. Construction	129	124	11	11	9.1%	9.1%
95	Hawaii	Total	1,794	394	110	121	27.8%	30.8%
95	Hawaii	Public	458	99	52	59	51.9%	58.9%
95	Hawaii	Private	1,336	295	58	63	19.7%	21.3%
95	Hawaii	Priv. Manufacturing	100	22	8	8	34.8%	35.5%
95	Hawaii	Priv. Construction	88	19	8	8	42.1%	44.2%
82	Idaho	Total	2,145	357	42	48	11.7%	13.6%
82	Idaho	Public	416	69	14	17	19.8%	25.2%
82	Idaho	Private	1,729	289	28	31	9.8%	10.8%
82	Idaho	Priv. Manufacturing	336	57	12	13	21.5%	23.1%
82	Idaho	Priv. Construction	87	15	3	3	17.2%	17.2%
33	Illinois	Total	7,408	4,638	1,032	1,125	22.2%	24.3%
33	Illinois	Public	1,101	676	269	322	39.8%	47.7%
33	Illinois	Private	6,307	3,962	763	803	19.2%	20.3%
33	Illinois	Priv. Manufacturing	1,722	1,096	338	352	30.9%	32.1%
33	Illinois	Priv. Construction	255	157	82	82	52.0%	52.0%
32	Indiana	Total	3,031	2,238	477	524	21.3%	23.4%
32	Indiana	Public	425	309	76	101	24.7%	32.6%
32	Indiana	Private	2,606	1,928	400	423	20.8%	22.0%
32	Indiana	Priv. Manufacturing	863	641	269	280	42.0%	43.7%
32	Indiana	Priv. Construction	132	102	38	41	37.7%	39.9%
42	Iowa	Total	2,216	1,066	182	213	17.0%	20.0%
42	Iowa	Public	418	202	56	73	27.7%	36.4%
42	Iowa	Private	1,798	865	126	139	14.5%	16.1%
42	Iowa	Priv. Manufacturing	464	224	84	90	37.7%	40.3%
42	Iowa	Priv. Construction	73	37	7	7	18.2%	18.2%
47	Kansas	Total	2,292	1,011	129	157	12.8%	15.6%
47	Kansas	Public	386	166	33	45	19.9%	27.1%
47	Kansas	Private	1,906	844	96	112	11.4%	13.3%
47	Kansas	Priv. Manufacturing	443	198	47	56	23.7%	28.5%
47	Kansas	Priv. Construction	101	44	11	11	23.9%	23.9%
61	Kentucky	Total	2,003	1,331	219	251	16.5%	18.8%
61	Kentucky	Public	340	222	38	52	16.9%	23.3%
61	Kentucky	Private	1,663	1,108	181	199	16.4%	17.9%
61	Kentucky	Priv. Manufacturing	429	282	105	113	37.1%	40.0%
61	Kentucky	Priv. Construction	78	52	9	12	16.3%	22.8%
72	Louisiana	Total	2,011	1,541	148	173	9.6%	11.2%
72	Louisiana	Public	405	305	51	68	16.6%	22.3%
72	Louisiana	Private	1,606	1,236	97	105	7.9%	8.5%
72	Louisiana	Priv. Manufacturing	243	192	41	43	21.4%	22.2%
72	Louisiana	Priv. Construction	147	115	13	14	11.2%	12.6%
11	Maine	Total	1,951	454	77	90	17.1%	19.8%
11	Maine	Public	343	78	35	42	45.1%	53.2%
11	Maine	Private	1,608	376	42	48	11.2%	12.9%
11	Maine	Priv. Manufacturing	485	112	30	32	26.5%	28.6%
11	Maine	Priv. Construction	95	23	2	3	10.6%	11.9%
52	Maryland	Total	3,151	1,977	330	413	16.7%	20.9%
52	Maryland	Public	858	537	143	186	26.7%	34.6%
52	Maryland	Private	2,293	1,440	187	227	13.0%	15.8%
52	Maryland	Priv. Manufacturing	363	229	66	73	28.7%	31.7%
52	Maryland	Priv. Construction	178	117	22	23	18.5%	19.6%
14	Massachusetts	Total	7,351	2,682	495	548	18.5%	20.4%
14	Massachusetts	Public	1,043	383	197	216	51.4%	56.5%
14	Massachusetts	Private	6,308	2,299	299	332	13.0%	14.4%
14	Massachusetts	Priv. Manufacturing	1,918	699	141	153	20.2%	21.8%
14	Massachusetts	Priv. Construction	294	108	27	29	24.7%	26.7%
34	Michigan	Total	6,892	3,533	1,004	1,071	28.4%	30.3%
34	Michigan	Public	1,030	525	298	312	56.8%	59.5%
34	Michigan	Private	5,862	3,008	707	759	23.5%	25.2%
34	Michigan	Priv. Manufacturing	2,111	1,085	459	481	42.3%	44.4%
34	Michigan	Priv. Construction	249	129	46	48	35.5%	37.5%
41	Minnesota	Total	2,778	1,804	408	453	22.6%	25.1%
41	Minnesota	Public	454	290	155	175	53.6%	60.3%
41	Minnesota	Private	2,324	1,515	252	278	16.7%	18.4%
41	Minnesota	Priv. Manufacturing	560	354	82	90	23.1%	25.4%
41	Minnesota	Priv. Construction	106	70	30	30	42.8%	42.8%
64	Mississippi	Total	2,093	874	81	95	9.3%	10.8%
64	Mississippi	Public	378	157	21	26	13.5%	16.6%
64	Mississippi	Private	1,715	717	60	68	8.4%	9.6%
64	Mississippi	Priv. Manufacturing	524	224	33	39	15.0%	17.4%
64	Mississippi	Priv. Construction	95	40	4	5	10.9%	12.9%
43	Missouri	Total	2,898	2,026	378	419	18.7%	20.7%
43	Missouri	Public	436	310	51	76	16.5%	24.3%
43	Missouri	Private	2,462	1,716	327	343	19.1%	20.0%
43	Missouri	Priv. Manufacturing	600	416	133	141	32.0%	34.0%
43	Missouri	Priv. Construction	137	94	40	41	42.0%	43.4%
81	Montana	Total	2,106	295	57	67	19.4%	22.7%
81	Montana	Public	526	72	24	30	33.2%	42.2%
81	Montana	Private	1,580	223	33	36	14.9%	16.4%
81	Montana	Priv. Manufacturing	161	22	9	9	38.2%	38.9%
81	Montana	Priv. Construction	81	12	5	5	39.2%	39.2%
46	Nebraska	Total	2,169	619	79	99	12.7%	16.0%
46	Nebraska	Public	406	114	27	36	23.4%	31.4%
46	Nebraska	Private	1,763	505	52	63	10.3%	12.5%
46	Nebraska	Priv. Manufacturing	332	95	21	26	22.4%	27.3%
46	Nebraska	Priv. Construction	93	27	6	7	22.3%	24.5%
88	Nevada	Total	1,806	415	90	102	21.6%	24.6%
88	Nevada	Public	289	67	22	28	32.8%	42.0%
88	Nevada	Private	1,517	348	68	74	19.5%	21.3%
88	Nevada	Priv. Manufacturing	103	24	3	4	13.7%	16.4%
88	Nevada	Priv. Construction	108	25	10	10	38.4%	38.4%
12	New Hampshire	Total	1,769	456	49	55	10.7%	12.0%
12	New Hampshire	Public	242	62	22	25	35.2%	40.5%
12	New Hampshire	Private	1,527	394	27	30	6.9%	7.6%
12	New Hampshire	Priv. Manufacturing	546	142	13	14	9.3%	10.1%
12	New Hampshire	Priv. Construction	132	34	4	4	11.5%	12.3%
22	New Jersey	Total	7,370	3,300	821	937	24.9%	28.4%
22	New Jersey	Public	1,188	535	297	341	55.4%	63.7%
22	New Jersey	Private	6,182	2,764	524	596	19.0%	21.6%
22	New Jersey	Priv. Manufacturing	1,726	784	223	248	28.4%	31.6%
22	New Jersey	Priv. Construction	321	141	53	56	37.4%	39.9%
85	New Mexico	Total	1,889	492	49	62	10.0%	12.7%
85	New Mexico	Public	560	144	19	29	12.9%	20.4%
85	New Mexico	Private	1,329	348	31	33	8.9%	9.5%
85	New Mexico	Priv. Manufacturing	133	36	6	6	15.2%	15.2%
85	New Mexico	Priv. Construction	116	32	4	4	11.4%	12.2%
21	New York	Total	12,016	6,961	2,102	2,298	30.2%	33.0%
21	New York	Public	2,356	1,360	907	982	66.7%	72.2%
21	New York	Private	9,660	5,601	1,195	1,316	21.3%	23.5%
21	New York	Priv. Manufacturing	2,261	1,311	376	406	28.7%	31.0%
21	New York	Priv. Construction	442	256	99	104	38.8%	40.5%
56	North Carolina	Total	6,517	2,630	167	209	6.4%	8.0%
56	North Carolina	Public	983	394	61	83	15.4%	21.0%
56	North Carolina	Private	5,534	2,235	106	127	4.7%	5.7%
56	North Carolina	Priv. Manufacturing	2,111	866	60	69	7.0%	7.9%
56	North Carolina	Priv. Construction	342	136	3	4	2.1%	2.8%
44	North Dakota	Total	2,222	244	28	34	11.4%	14.0%
44	North Dakota	Public	533	57	16	19	27.9%	34.0%
44	North Dakota	Private	1,689	187	12	15	6.4%	7.9%
44	North Dakota	Priv. Manufacturing	135	14	3	3	17.4%	23.4%
44	North Dakota	Priv. Construction	86	10	2	3	22.6%	27.7%
31	Ohio	Total	7,380	4,241	999	1,091	23.6%	25.7%
31	Ohio	Public	1,106	635	252	297	39.7%	46.8%
31	Ohio	Private	6,274	3,606	747	793	20.7%	22.0%
31	Ohio	Priv. Manufacturing	2,068	1,184	466	489	39.3%	41.3%
31	Ohio	Priv. Construction	253	144	45	46	31.5%	32.3%
73	Oklahoma	Total	2,324	1,225	128	151	10.5%	12.3%
73	Oklahoma	Public	475	251	49	60	19.5%	23.8%
73	Oklahoma	Private	1,849	975	80	91	8.2%	9.4%
73	Oklahoma	Priv. Manufacturing	350	179	38	42	21.0%	23.2%
73	Oklahoma	Priv. Construction	107	57	9	9	15.9%	15.9%
92	Oregon	Total	1,756	1,020	232	261	22.7%	25.6%
92	Oregon	Public	341	195	94	112	48.0%	57.6%
92	Oregon	Private	1,415	825	138	148	16.7%	18.0%
92	Oregon	Priv. Manufacturing	371	216	58	62	26.9%	28.7%
92	Oregon	Priv. Construction	64	39	9	10	24.0%	26.6%
23	Pennsylvania	Total	7,458	4,625	1,055	1,175	22.8%	25.4%
23	Pennsylvania	Public	1,017	624	290	354	46.4%	56.7%
23	Pennsylvania	Private	6,441	4,001	766	821	19.1%	20.5%
23	Pennsylvania	Priv. Manufacturing	1,874	1,166	409	428	35.1%	36.7%
23	Pennsylvania	Priv. Construction	324	202	59	63	29.2%	30.9%
15	Rhode Island	Total	1,822	428	90	98	21.1%	22.9%
15	Rhode Island	Public	281	65	44	48	67.9%	73.9%
15	Rhode Island	Private	1,541	363	46	50	12.7%	13.7%
15	Rhode Island	Priv. Manufacturing	570	135	22	23	16.2%	17.1%
15	Rhode Island	Priv. Construction	63	15	3	3	22.3%	22.3%
57	South Carolina	Total	2,213	1,301	59	73	4.5%	5.6%
57	South Carolina	Public	413	238	18	26	7.7%	10.9%
57	South Carolina	Private	1,800	1,062	40	46	3.8%	4.4%
57	South Carolina	Priv. Manufacturing	620	361	24	28	6.7%	7.8%
57	South Carolina	Priv. Construction	164	98	4	4	3.8%	4.5%
45	South Dakota	Total	2,350	250	28	35	11.2%	13.8%
45	South Dakota	Public	537	56	13	17	24.0%	30.6%
45	South Dakota	Private	1,813	194	14	17	7.5%	9.0%
45	South Dakota	Priv. Manufacturing	275	29	6	7	19.3%	22.2%
45	South Dakota	Priv. Construction	82	9	1	1	10.2%	10.2%
62	Tennessee	Total	2,233	1,811	237	282	13.1%	15.6%
62	Tennessee	Public	397	320	74	92	23.2%	28.7%
62	Tennessee	Private	1,836	1,491	163	190	10.9%	12.7%
62	Tennessee	Priv. Manufacturing	606	492	93	109	18.9%	22.1%
62	Tennessee	Priv. Construction	117	95	16	17	16.6%	17.4%
74	Texas	Total	8,675	6,444	475	626	7.4%	9.7%
74	Texas	Public	1,396	1,006	168	237	16.7%	23.5%
74	Texas	Private	7,279	5,438	307	390	5.6%	7.2%
74	Texas	Priv. Manufacturing	1,376	1,047	102	136	9.8%	13.0%
74	Texas	Priv. Construction	646	494	45	50	9.1%	10.2%
87	Utah	Total	2,142	615	70	92	11.4%	14.9%
87	Utah	Public	464	134	31	44	23.5%	32.6%
87	Utah	Private	1,678	481	38	48	8.0%	10.0%
87	Utah	Priv. Manufacturing	334	96	8	11	8.6%	11.5%
87	Utah	Priv. Construction	118	33	6	7	19.1%	20.7%
13	Vermont	Total	1,723	223	28	35	12.8%	15.9%
13	Vermont	Public	289	37	15	20	41.4%	54.2%
13	Vermont	Private	1,434	185	13	15	7.1%	8.3%
13	Vermont	Priv. Manufacturing	372	48	7	8	14.9%	16.9%
13	Vermont	Priv. Construction	111	15	1	1	7.4%	8.4%
54	Virginia	Total	2,978	2,434	236	297	9.7%	12.2%
54	Virginia	Public	682	550	74	103	13.5%	18.7%
54	Virginia	Private	2,296	1,884	162	194	8.6%	10.3%
54	Virginia	Priv. Manufacturing	501	411	77	90	18.7%	21.8%
54	Virginia	Priv. Construction	180	152	9	14	6.2%	9.0%
91	Washington	Total	1,907	1,623	406	469	25.0%	28.9%
91	Washington	Public	434	364	172	204	47.3%	56.1%
91	Washington	Private	1,473	1,259	234	265	18.6%	21.0%
91	Washington	Priv. Manufacturing	295	255	96	107	37.8%	42.1%
91	Washington	Priv. Construction	89	80	14	16	16.9%	20.6%
55	West Virginia	Total	1,739	593	135	148	22.7%	25.0%
55	West Virginia	Public	386	129	32	42	24.5%	32.5%
55	West Virginia	Private	1,353	464	103	106	22.2%	22.9%
55	West Virginia	Priv. Manufacturing	279	95	38	40	40.3%	42.2%
55	West Virginia	Priv. Construction	75	26	8	8	31.7%	32.8%
35	Wisconsin	Total	2,662	1,953	436	464	22.3%	23.8%
35	Wisconsin	Public	411	302	143	160	47.2%	52.8%
35	Wisconsin	Private	2,251	1,650	293	304	17.8%	18.4%
35	Wisconsin	Priv. Manufacturing	696	510	187	192	36.5%	37.7%
35	Wisconsin	Priv. Construction	96	71	22	22	31.0%	31.0%
83	Wyoming	Total	1,718	195	27	34	13.8%	17.6%
83	Wyoming	Public	436	48	10	15	21.6%	30.4%
83	Wyoming	Private	1,282	146	16	19	11.2%	13.3%
83	Wyoming	Priv. Manufacturing	66	7	1	1	15.0%	15.0%
83	Wyoming	Priv. Construction	124	14	1	1	8.5%	9.2%
Copyright 2024 by Barry T. Hirsch, David A. Macpherson, and William E. Even.  The use of this data requires citation.