Union Membership, Coverage, Density, and Employment:
Services Workers
Year	Sample Size	Employment (in 1000s)	Members (in 1000s)	Covered (in 1000s)	% Mem	%Cov
1973	13,092	20,167.2	2,403.4		11.9%
1974	12,925	20,631.8	2,645.8		12.8%
1975	13,085	21,261.7	2,767.0		13.0%
1976	13,521	22,368.6	2,934.2		13.1%
1977	16,381	22,958.1	4,055.8	4,958.1	17.7%	21.6%
1978	16,561	24,169.3	4,201.9	5,128.9	17.4%	21.2%
1979	16,588	24,458.3	4,582.8	5,534.8	18.7%	22.6%
1980	20,174	25,123.2	4,742.6	5,719.2	18.9%	22.8%
1981	4,504	25,708.2	4,376.3	5,128.5	17.0%	19.9%
1983	53,930	26,858.5	4,585.6	5,755.8	17.1%	21.4%
1984	54,575	27,753.2	4,574.9	5,622.7	16.5%	20.3%
1985	56,066	28,814.2	4,537.1	5,539.9	15.7%	19.2%
1986	56,293	29,726.4	4,510.2	5,517.0	15.2%	18.6%
1987	57,154	30,845.7	4,624.6	5,554.6	15.0%	18.0%
1988	55,617	32,031.5	4,784.8	5,734.0	14.9%	17.9%
1989	57,267	33,017.9	4,913.9	5,900.2	14.9%	17.9%
1990	61,411	33,968.3	4,934.0	5,968.1	14.5%	17.6%
1991	61,118	34,468.9	5,003.2	5,979.7	14.5%	17.3%
1992	61,547	35,703.6	5,154.2	6,152.3	14.4%	17.2%
1993	61,439	36,644.1	5,410.6	6,387.3	14.8%	17.4%
1994	60,499	37,368.5	5,527.0	6,461.5	14.8%	17.3%
1995	60,493	38,249.5	5,404.8	6,341.6	14.1%	16.6%
1996	54,333	39,238.3	5,460.4	6,372.7	13.9%	16.2%
1997	56,043	40,591.5	5,380.0	6,275.1	13.3%	15.5%
1998	56,972	41,431.0	5,498.3	6,376.2	13.3%	15.4%
1999	58,545	42,990.7	5,816.8	6,635.3	13.5%	15.4%
2000	59,376	43,900.7	5,870.0	6,752.0	13.4%	15.4%
2001	64,497	44,717.2	6,029.2	6,820.8	13.5%	15.3%
2002	70,474	45,265.0	6,126.4	6,898.7	13.5%	15.2%
2003	80,169	53,716.9	6,180.3	7,060.0	11.5%	13.1%
2004	79,214	54,552.0	6,218.4	7,073.7	11.4%	13.0%
2005	79,834	55,728.4	6,442.8	7,266.2	11.6%	13.0%
2006	79,749	56,799.6	6,436.5	7,259.0	11.3%	12.8%
2007	80,072	58,309.6	6,682.6	7,574.3	11.5%	13.0%
2008	80,487	59,393.9	6,994.9	7,899.8	11.8%	13.3%
2009	80,838	59,212.7	6,944.8	7,794.3	11.7%	13.2%
2010	80,760	59,584.2	6,753.2	7,598.2	11.3%	12.8%
2011	80,060	60,044.7	6,737.2	7,574.1	11.2%	12.6%
2012	80,468	61,839.0	6,581.0	7,441.0	10.6%	12.0%
2013	80,232	62,507.1	6,577.2	7,378.7	10.5%	11.8%
2014	80,517	63,362.3	6,669.6	7,534.2	10.5%	11.9%
2015	80,339	64,996.7	6,976.2	7,919.0	10.7%	12.2%
2016	80,976	66,648.7	6,813.5	7,771.8	10.2%	11.7%
2017	79,890	67,366.7	6,782.5	7,669.6	10.1%	11.4%
2018	77,963	68,514.3	6,851.4	7,755.5	10.0%	11.3%
2019	76,301	70,188.3	6,804.6	7,791.2	9.7%	11.1%
2020	64,314	63,739.1	6,592.4	7,549.3	10.3%	11.8%
2021	64,681	66,028.0	6,517.1	7,489.7	9.9%	11.3%
2022	63,413	69,434.6	6,695.9	7,638.2	9.6%	11.0%
2023	61,474	71,126.2	6,760.7	7,690.0	9.5%	10.8%
Copyright 2024 by Barry T. Hirsch, David A. Macpherson, and William E. Even.  The use of this data requires citation.