| Union Membership, Coverage, Density, and Employment: | ||||||
| Black Female Workers | ||||||
| Year | Sample Size | Employment (in 1000s) | Members (in 1000s) | Covered (in 1000s) | % Mem | %Cov |
| 1973 | 2,119 | 3,380.3 | 637.5 | 18.9% | ||
| 1974 | 2,123 | 3,530.8 | 638.7 | 18.1% | ||
| 1975 | 2,058 | 3,410.1 | 641.5 | 18.8% | ||
| 1976 | 2,119 | 3,582.5 | 736.6 | 20.6% | ||
| 1977 | 2,446 | 3,784.1 | 901.8 | 1,048.7 | 23.8% | 27.7% |
| 1978 | 2,511 | 4,039.1 | 936.8 | 1,080.3 | 23.2% | 26.7% |
| 1979 | 2,571 | 4,144.4 | 1,096.2 | 1,290.5 | 26.4% | 31.1% |
| 1980 | 3,069 | 4,287.2 | 1,083.4 | 1,241.6 | 25.3% | 29.0% |
| 1981 | 693 | 4,261.7 | 904.1 | 1,050.4 | 21.2% | 24.6% |
| 1983 | 8,076 | 4,497.0 | 1,020.2 | 1,235.2 | 22.7% | 27.5% |
| 1984 | 8,470 | 4,879.9 | 1,059.1 | 1,253.5 | 21.7% | 25.7% |
| 1985 | 8,954 | 5,105.9 | 1,058.0 | 1,245.1 | 20.7% | 24.4% |
| 1986 | 9,110 | 5,256.8 | 1,040.5 | 1,223.2 | 19.8% | 23.3% |
| 1987 | 9,416 | 5,509.2 | 1,064.6 | 1,238.2 | 19.3% | 22.5% |
| 1988 | 8,974 | 5,673.9 | 1,121.0 | 1,296.7 | 19.8% | 22.9% |
| 1989 | 9,050 | 5,873.0 | 1,162.1 | 1,345.5 | 19.8% | 22.9% |
| 1990 | 9,627 | 6,003.2 | 1,075.8 | 1,267.2 | 17.9% | 21.1% |
| 1991 | 9,244 | 5,944.9 | 1,083.9 | 1,253.3 | 18.2% | 21.1% |
| 1992 | 9,176 | 6,057.0 | 1,137.0 | 1,329.1 | 18.8% | 21.9% |
| 1993 | 9,040 | 6,164.1 | 1,151.3 | 1,345.4 | 18.7% | 21.8% |
| 1994 | 9,035 | 6,394.8 | 1,156.5 | 1,331.5 | 18.1% | 20.8% |
| 1995 | 9,042 | 6,638.7 | 1,166.6 | 1,358.1 | 17.6% | 20.5% |
| 1996 | 8,260 | 6,878.1 | 1,137.9 | 1,305.4 | 16.5% | 19.0% |
| 1997 | 8,498 | 7,145.0 | 1,142.8 | 1,309.2 | 16.0% | 18.3% |
| 1998 | 8,633 | 7,442.6 | 1,122.9 | 1,281.6 | 15.1% | 17.2% |
| 1999 | 8,804 | 7,760.5 | 1,115.7 | 1,292.7 | 14.4% | 16.7% |
| 2000 | 8,873 | 7,842.5 | 1,207.8 | 1,356.2 | 15.4% | 17.3% |
| 2001 | 9,467 | 7,868.2 | 1,202.6 | 1,346.0 | 15.3% | 17.1% |
| 2002 | 9,755 | 7,702.6 | 1,216.6 | 1,356.3 | 15.8% | 17.6% |
| 2003 | 9,353 | 7,626.2 | 1,144.9 | 1,291.0 | 15.0% | 16.9% |
| 2004 | 9,062 | 7,681.0 | 1,044.6 | 1,170.3 | 13.6% | 15.2% |
| 2005 | 8,984 | 7,856.6 | 1,115.4 | 1,224.6 | 14.2% | 15.6% |
| 2006 | 9,336 | 8,089.8 | 1,107.4 | 1,232.8 | 13.7% | 15.2% |
| 2007 | 9,465 | 8,232.0 | 1,067.1 | 1,198.1 | 13.0% | 14.6% |
| 2008 | 9,283 | 8,221.2 | 1,097.1 | 1,210.9 | 13.3% | 14.7% |
| 2009 | 8,890 | 7,870.3 | 1,002.3 | 1,125.8 | 12.7% | 14.3% |
| 2010 | 9,023 | 7,848.4 | 957.8 | 1,084.7 | 12.2% | 13.8% |
| 2011 | 8,756 | 7,808.8 | 986.5 | 1,118.7 | 12.6% | 14.3% |
| 2012 | 8,774 | 8,223.0 | 1,007.3 | 1,139.9 | 12.3% | 13.9% |
| 2013 | 8,821 | 8,310.5 | 1,049.2 | 1,165.5 | 12.6% | 14.0% |
| 2014 | 9,081 | 8,586.1 | 1,051.2 | 1,155.7 | 12.2% | 13.5% |
| 2015 | 9,511 | 8,994.7 | 1,149.2 | 1,253.2 | 12.8% | 13.9% |
| 2016 | 9,522 | 9,163.5 | 1,106.0 | 1,246.1 | 12.1% | 13.6% |
| 2017 | 9,415 | 9,456.8 | 1,107.5 | 1,253.1 | 11.7% | 13.3% |
| 2018 | 8,952 | 9,664.0 | 1,148.3 | 1,266.6 | 11.9% | 13.1% |
| 2019 | 8,718 | 9,790.7 | 1,041.0 | 1,178.1 | 10.6% | 12.0% |
| 2020 | 7,363 | 9,021.4 | 1,064.3 | 1,196.1 | 11.8% | 13.3% |
| 2021 | 7,568 | 9,301.5 | 989.9 | 1,107.9 | 10.6% | 11.9% |
| 2022 | 7,261 | 9,773.6 | 999.5 | 1,126.2 | 10.2% | 11.5% |
| 2023 | 6,989 | 10,166.1 | 1,074.2 | 1,201.6 | 10.6% | 11.8% |
| Copyright 2024 by Barry T. Hirsch, David A. Macpherson, and William E. Even. The use of this data requires citation. | ||||||