Union Membership, Coverage, Density and Employment by Industry: 2023
CIC	Industry	Obs	Employment (in 1000s)	Members (in 1000s)	Covered (in 1000s)	% Mem	% Cov
	AGRICULTURE, FORESTRY, FISHING, & HUNTING	1,365	1,310	37	46	2.8%	3.5%
170	Crop production	690	728	16	20	2.3%	2.7%
180	Animal production	414	351	7	8	1.9%	2.3%
190	Forestry except logging	76	49	7	9	13.4%	18.2%
270	Logging	57	49	1	1	2.6%	2.6%
280	Fishing, hunting, and trapping	27	24	1	1	4.9%	4.9%
290	Support activities for agriculture and forestry	101	108	5	7	4.6%	6.1%
	MINING	766	579	26	29	4.5%	5.0%
370	Oil and gas extraction	62	48	4	4	8.8%	8.8%
380	Coal mining	79	28	1	1	3.3%	4.2%
390	Metal ore mining	58	39	6	8	16.1%	20.9%
470	Nonmetallic mineral mining and quarrying	104	95	6	6	5.9%	5.9%
490	Support activities for mining	463	369	9	10	2.4%	2.7%
	UTILITIES	9,303	10,724	1,367	1,458	12.7%	13.6%
570	Electric power generation, transmission and distribution	770	782	179	191	23.0%	24.4%
580	Natural gas distribution	164	176	28	29	16.2%	16.3%
590	Electric and gas, and other combinations	99	116	29	29	25.5%	25.5%
670	Water, steam, air conditioning, and irrigation systems	239	257	45	48	17.3%	18.6%
680	Sewage treatment facilities	83	81	12	16	15.2%	20.3%
690	Not specified utilities	21	26	3	3	9.7%	9.7%
770	CONSTRUCTION	7,927	9,286	1,070	1,142	11.5%	12.3%
	NONDURABLE GOODS MANUFACTURING	4,651	5,340	416	481	7.8%	9.0%
1070	Animal food, grain, and oilseed milling	131	128	15	17	11.6%	13.0%
1080	Sugar and confectionery products	75	70	12	12	16.5%	16.7%
1090	Fruit and vegetable preserving and specialty food manufacturing	149	170	18	21	10.3%	12.1%
1170	Dairy product manufacturing	144	152	18	25	12.0%	16.3%
1180	Animal slaughtering and processing	453	428	72	82	16.8%	19.1%
1190	Retail bakeries	140	172	8	8	4.9%	4.9%
1270	Bakeries and tortilla manufacturing, except retail	156	188	23	23	12.3%	12.3%
1280	Seafood and other miscellaneous foods, n.e.c.	198	221	11	16	5.1%	7.1%
1290	Not specified food industries	72	86	6	6	6.8%	7.3%
1370	Beverage manufacturing	258	321	16	18	5.0%	5.5%
1390	Tobacco manufacturing	13	17	1	1	6.9%	6.9%
1470	Fiber, yarn, and thread mills	8	8	0	0	0.0%	0.0%
1480	Fabric mills, except knitting mills	68	73	5	5	6.3%	6.3%
1490	Textile and fabric finishing and coating mills	13	11	0	0	0.0%	0.0%
1570	Carpet and rug mills	36	42	0	1	0.0%	2.9%
1590	Textile product mills, except carpet and rug	43	48	0	7	0.0%	15.6%
1670	Knitting mills, and apparel knitting mills	7	6	0	0	0.0%	0.0%
1691	Cut and sew, and apparel accessories and other apparel manufacturing	121	150	9	9	6.0%	6.3%
1770	Footwear manufacturing	33	39	2	2	6.3%	6.3%
1790	Leather tanning and finishing and other leather and allied products manufacturi	17	13	0	0	0.0%	0.0%
1870	Pulp, paper, and paperboard mills	181	203	53	60	26.3%	29.6%
1880	Paperboard containers and boxes	65	88	12	12	13.7%	13.7%
1890	Miscellaneous paper and pulp products	61	74	2	3	2.3%	4.2%
1990	Printing and related support activities	325	388	11	13	2.7%	3.4%
2070	Petroleum refining	205	227	33	33	14.6%	14.6%
2090	Miscellaneous petroleum and coal products	16	22	4	4	19.9%	19.9%
2170	Resin, synthetic rubber and fibers, and filaments manufacturing	136	156	3	5	2.2%	3.2%
2180	Agricultural chemical manufacturing	33	28	3	3	9.2%	9.2%
2190	Pharmaceutical and medicine manufacturing	559	716	22	28	3.1%	3.9%
2270	Paint, coating, and adhesives manufacturing	51	64	2	4	3.3%	5.5%
2280	Soap, cleaning compound, and cosmetic manufacturing	134	160	9	10	5.7%	6.5%
2290	Industrial and miscellaneous chemicals	345	397	20	22	5.0%	5.6%
2370	Plastics product manufacturing	305	361	18	21	4.9%	5.9%
2380	Tire manufacturing	55	62	5	6	7.9%	9.6%
2390	Rubber product, except tire, manufacturing	45	50	4	4	7.1%	7.1%
	DURABLE GOODS MANUFACTURING	8,255	9,693	796	903	8.2%	9.3%
2470	Pottery, ceramics, and plumbing fixture manufacturing	16	17	0	0	0.0%	0.0%
2480	Structural clay product manufacturing	16	22	4	4	18.4%	18.4%
2490	Glass and glass product manufacturing	113	139	20	22	14.6%	15.9%
2570	Cement, concrete, lime, and gypsum product manufacturing	135	150	12	16	8.2%	11.0%
2590	Miscellaneous nonmetallic mineral product manufacturing	58	68	2	2	3.2%	3.2%
2670	Iron and steel mills and steel product manufacturing	273	304	70	71	23.0%	23.2%
2680	Aluminum production and processing	61	59	12	13	19.9%	21.8%
2690	Nonferrous metal (except aluminum) production and processing	36	45	2	2	5.0%	5.0%
2770	Foundries	48	53	9	9	16.7%	16.7%
2780	Metal forgings and stampings	31	43	0	0	0.0%	0.0%
2790	Cutlery and hand tool manufacturing	49	54	3	4	5.5%	6.6%
2870	Structural metals, and boiler, tank, and shipping container manufacturing	264	312	42	47	13.6%	15.2%
2880	Machine shops; turned product; screw, nut, and bolt manufacturing	203	233	12	14	5.1%	6.2%
2890	Coating, engraving, heat treating and allied activities	39	50	2	4	4.3%	7.7%
2970	Ordnance	51	46	3	3	6.3%	6.3%
2980	Miscellaneous fabricated metal products manufacturing	266	324	20	22	6.2%	6.7%
2990	Not specified metal industries	29	37	1	1	3.7%	3.7%
3070	Agricultural implement manufacturing	152	150	9	12	5.8%	8.2%
3080	Construction, and mining and oil and gas field machinery manufacturing	157	149	3	6	1.9%	4.2%
3095	Commercial and service industry machinery manufacturing	65	71	3	3	4.3%	4.3%
3170	Metalworking machinery manufacturing	74	83	2	3	2.2%	3.2%
3180	Engines, turbines, and power transmission equipment manufacturing	39	52	3	5	6.0%	9.5%
3291	Machinery manufacturing, n.e.c. or not specified	699	826	53	62	6.4%	7.5%
3365	Computer and peripheral equipment manufacturing	90	112	0	0	0.0%	0.0%
3370	Communications, and audio and video equipment manufacturing	73	85	3	3	3.1%	3.1%
3380	Navigational, measuring, electromedical, and control instruments manufacturing	158	182	6	7	3.3%	3.8%
3390	Electronic component and product manufacturing, n.e.c.	594	674	7	8	1.0%	1.1%
3470	Household appliance manufacturing	49	65	4	4	6.5%	6.5%
3490	Electrical lighting and electrical equipment manufacturing, and other electrica	279	344	22	28	6.5%	8.1%
3570	Motor vehicles and motor vehicle equipment manufacturing	1,112	1,441	213	224	14.7%	15.6%
3580	Aircraft and parts manufacturing	823	971	126	131	13.0%	13.5%
3590	Aerospace product and parts manufacturing	36	41	1	2	1.3%	4.0%
3670	Railroad rolling stock manufacturing	24	26	1	1	5.8%	5.8%
3680	Ship and boat building	180	173	29	31	16.8%	18.2%
3690	Other transportation equipment manufacturing	26	31	3	3	8.5%	8.5%
3770	Sawmills and wood preservation	101	97	7	7	7.1%	7.1%
3780	Veneer, plywood, and engineered wood products	31	31	0	0	0.0%	0.0%
3790	Prefabricated wood buildings and mobile homes	27	34	0	0	1.4%	1.4%
3875	Miscellaneous wood products	162	183	9	13	4.9%	6.9%
3895	Furniture and related product manufacturing	301	336	11	17	3.2%	5.1%
3960	Medical equipment and supplies manufacturing	596	716	16	28	2.2%	3.9%
3970	Sporting and athletic goods, and doll, toy and game manufacturing	80	85	4	4	4.5%	5.1%
3980	Miscellaneous manufacturing, n.e.c.	349	409	22	31	5.3%	7.6%
3990	Not specified manufacturing industries	290	370	26	35	7.0%	9.5%
	WHOLESALE TRADE	2,544	2,932	137	149	4.7%	5.1%
4070	Motor vehicles, parts and supplies, merchant wholesalers	115	139	6	8	4.6%	6.1%
4080	Furniture and home furnishing, merchant wholesalers	49	60	1	1	1.8%	1.8%
4090	Lumber and other construction materials, merchant wholesalers	115	135	6	7	4.7%	5.5%
4170	Professional and commercial equipment and supplies, merchant wholesalers	223	267	5	6	1.8%	2.3%
4180	Metals and minerals, except petroleum, merchant wholesalers	44	48	2	2	4.0%	4.0%
4195	Electrical and electronic goods, merchant wholesalers	139	162	0	0	0.3%	0.3%
4265	Hardware, plumbing and heating equipment, and supplies, merchant wholesalers	132	159	3	4	1.6%	2.4%
4270	Machinery, equipment, and supplies, merchant wholesalers	279	297	6	8	2.2%	2.7%
4280	Recyclable material, merchant wholesalers	34	38	1	1	3.8%	3.8%
4290	Miscellaneous durable goods, merchant wholesalers	48	53	0	0	0.0%	0.0%
4370	Paper and paper products, merchant wholesalers	22	23	1	1	5.2%	5.2%
4380	Drugs, sundries, and chemical and allied products, merchant wholesalers	151	194	3	4	1.5%	2.0%
4390	Apparel, piece goods, and notions, merchant wholesalers	52	66	2	2	2.4%	2.4%
4470	Groceries and related products, merchant wholesalers	638	746	76	79	10.2%	10.6%
4480	Farm product raw materials, merchant wholesalers	57	46	0	0	0.0%	0.0%
4490	Petroleum and petroleum products, merchant wholesalers	90	92	2	2	2.0%	2.0%
4560	Alcoholic beverages, merchant wholesalers	97	104	11	11	10.3%	10.3%
4570	Farm supplies, merchant wholesalers	35	30	4	4	14.1%	14.1%
4580	Miscellaneous nondurable goods, merchant wholesalers	114	136	1	1	1.0%	1.0%
4585	Wholesale electronics markets, agents and brokers	52	64	0	0	0.0%	0.0%
4590	Not specified wholesale trade	58	73	5	7	7.4%	9.2%
	RETAIL TRADE	13,208	15,182	570	689	3.8%	4.5%
4670	Automobile dealers	1,073	1,235	22	36	1.8%	2.9%
4680	Other motor vehicle dealers	160	171	2	2	1.1%	1.1%
4690	Auto parts, accessories, and tire stores	402	432	7	9	1.5%	2.0%
4770	Furniture and home furnishings stores	360	412	3	8	0.7%	2.0%
4780	Household appliance stores	53	58	0	0	0.0%	0.0%
4795	Electronics stores	307	376	21	23	5.6%	6.2%
4870	Building material and supplies dealers	918	1,032	27	31	2.6%	3.0%
4880	Hardware stores	179	177	2	2	1.3%	1.3%
4890	Lawn and garden equipment and supplies stores	277	238	3	3	1.2%	1.3%
4971	Supermarkets and other grocery (except convenience) stores	2,082	2,408	312	327	13.0%	13.6%
4972	Convenience Stores	298	314	0	1	0.1%	0.4%
4980	Specialty food stores	168	199	8	8	3.8%	3.8%
4990	Beer, wine, and liquor stores	129	141	4	9	2.6%	6.2%
5070	Pharmacies and drug stores	685	788	31	38	4.0%	4.9%
5080	Health and personal care, except drug, stores	356	428	6	10	1.4%	2.4%
5090	Gasoline stations	427	480	5	5	1.0%	1.1%
5170	Clothing stores	689	885	6	12	0.6%	1.3%
5180	Shoe stores	107	131	3	3	2.1%	2.1%
5190	Jewelry, luggage, and leather goods stores	113	132	0	5	0.0%	3.9%
5275	Sporting goods, camera, and hobby and toy stores	421	448	3	4	0.6%	0.8%
5280	Sewing, needlework and piece goods stores	27	28	0	0	0.0%	0.0%
5295	Musical instrument and supplies stores	24	32	0	0	0.0%	0.0%
5370	Book stores and news dealers	62	77	0	0	0.0%	0.0%
5381	Department stores	232	275	10	16	3.6%	5.7%
5391	General merchandise stores, including warehouse clubs and supercenters	1,876	2,119	56	76	2.6%	3.6%
5470	Florists	65	67	2	2	2.4%	2.4%
5480	Office supplies and stationery stores	59	71	1	3	2.0%	4.4%
5490	Used merchandise stores	186	202	0	0	0.0%	0.1%
5570	Gift, novelty, and souvenir shops	98	115	2	3	1.5%	2.8%
5580	Miscellaneous retail stores	427	498	8	14	1.6%	2.8%
5593	Electronic shopping and mail-order houses	517	708	14	23	2.0%	3.3%
5670	Vending machine operators	22	28	2	2	6.7%	6.7%
5680	Fuel dealers	85	81	2	2	2.2%	2.2%
5690	Other direct selling establishments	46	49	3	3	6.8%	6.8%
5790	Not specified retail trade	278	346	7	8	1.9%	2.3%
	TRANSPORTATION & WAREHOUSING	6,140	7,457	1,572	1,679	21.1%	22.5%
6070	Air transportation	615	732	299	309	40.8%	42.2%
6080	Rail transportation	242	238	146	152	61.2%	64.1%
6090	Water transportation	67	73	10	10	13.1%	13.8%
6170	Truck transportation	1,522	1,788	130	148	7.3%	8.3%
6180	Bus service and urban transit	370	456	192	195	42.0%	42.7%
6190	Taxi and limousine service	279	371	35	40	9.3%	10.8%
6270	Pipeline transportation	38	31	0	0	0.5%	0.5%
6280	Scenic and sightseeing transportation	31	28	0	0	1.0%	1.0%
6290	Services incidental to transportation	642	792	122	130	15.4%	16.4%
6370	Postal Service	559	619	371	398	59.9%	64.3%
6380	Couriers and messengers	1,031	1,324	221	234	16.7%	17.6%
6390	Warehousing and storage	744	1,006	48	63	4.8%	6.2%
	INFORMATION	2,255	2,728	221	236	8.1%	8.7%
6470	Newspaper publishers	100	108	11	11	10.1%	10.1%
6480	Periodical, book, and directory publishers	134	148	11	11	7.1%	7.1%
6490	Software publishers	252	328	1	4	0.4%	1.2%
6570	Motion pictures and video industries	267	364	42	44	11.6%	12.1%
6590	Sound recording industries	20	28	5	5	17.8%	17.8%
6670	Broadcasting (except internet)	245	274	27	28	9.7%	10.0%
6672	Internet publishing and broadcasting and web search portals	155	209	5	5	2.2%	2.2%
6680	Wired telecommunications carriers	329	390	37	38	9.4%	9.8%
6690	Telecommunications, except wired telecommunications carriers	418	499	46	49	9.3%	9.9%
6695	Data processing, hosting, and related services	118	155	0	0	0.0%	0.0%
6770	Libraries and archives	184	188	33	38	17.4%	20.5%
6780	Other information services, except libraries and archives, and internet publish	33	37	4	4	10.6%	10.6%
	FINANCE & INSURANCE	6,101	7,138	113	155	1.6%	2.2%
6870	Banking and related activities	1,763	1,942	33	43	1.7%	2.2%
6880	Savings institutions, including credit unions	284	295	9	10	3.1%	3.3%
6890	Non-depository credit and related activities	851	1,080	8	15	0.7%	1.4%
6970	Securities, commodities, funds, trusts, and other financial investments	985	1,196	18	21	1.5%	1.8%
6991	Insurance carriers	1,238	1,452	34	49	2.3%	3.4%
6992	Agencies, brokerages, and other insurance related activities	980	1,173	12	17	1.0%	1.4%
	REAL ESTATE & RENTAL & LEASING	1,976	2,339	90	110	3.8%	4.7%
7071	Lessors of real estate, and offices of real estate agents and brokers	1,338	1,558	64	81	4.1%	5.2%
7072	Real estate property managers, offices of real estate appraisers, and other act	337	411	8	9	2.0%	2.3%
7080	Automotive equipment rental and leasing	131	172	5	5	2.9%	2.9%
7181	Other consumer goods rental	58	77	4	4	4.6%	4.6%
7190	Commercial, industrial, and other intangible assets rental and leasing	112	122	10	11	7.9%	8.9%
	PROF., SCIENTIFIC, TECHNICAL SERVICES	9,733	11,642	195	278	1.7%	2.4%
7270	Legal services	1,235	1,397	22	33	1.6%	2.3%
7280	Accounting, tax preparation, bookkeeping and payroll services	860	1,007	8	16	0.8%	1.6%
7290	Architectural, engineering, and related services	1,480	1,696	51	68	3.0%	4.0%
7370	Specialized design services	194	251	0	4	0.0%	1.4%
7380	Computer systems design and related services	3,026	3,849	43	71	1.1%	1.9%
7390	Management, scientific and technical consulting services	1,245	1,487	28	36	1.9%	2.4%
7460	Scientific research and development services	712	797	28	31	3.5%	3.9%
7470	Advertising and related services	435	525	9	11	1.8%	2.2%
7480	Veterinary services	350	399	2	5	0.4%	1.2%
7490	Other professional, scientific and technical services	196	234	3	4	1.4%	1.7%
	MANAGEMENT & RELATED SERVICES	4,597	5,655	284	334	5.0%	5.9%
7570	Management of companies and enterprises	81	88	0	2	0.3%	2.4%
7580	Employment services	681	844	23	33	2.8%	4.0%
7590	Business support services	469	580	12	16	2.2%	2.7%
7670	Travel arrangements and reservation services	234	281	10	12	3.4%	4.4%
7680	Investigation and security services	639	817	56	62	6.9%	7.6%
7690	Services to buildings and dwellings (except cleaning during construction and im	957	1,208	73	89	6.0%	7.3%
7770	Landscaping services	779	947	44	50	4.6%	5.3%
7780	Other administrative and other support services	312	383	14	15	3.6%	4.0%
7790	Waste management and remediation services	445	507	52	54	10.3%	10.7%
	EDUCATIONAL SERVICES	12,455	13,835	3,971	4,451	28.7%	32.2%
7860	Elementary and secondary schools	8,293	9,168	3,415	3,807	37.3%	41.5%
7870	Colleges and universities, including junior colleges	3,484	3,852	516	598	13.4%	15.5%
7880	Business, technical, and trade schools and training	83	101	7	7	7.4%	7.4%
7890	Other schools and instruction, and educational support services	595	713	32	39	4.4%	5.4%
	HEALTH CARE & SOCIAL ASSISTANCE	18,475	20,891	1,690	1,911	8.1%	9.1%
7970	Offices of physicians	1,290	1,499	43	55	2.9%	3.6%
7980	Offices of dentists	781	861	22	24	2.6%	2.8%
7990	Office of chiropractors	85	91	1	1	1.3%	1.3%
8070	Offices of optometrists	126	135	1	1	0.9%	0.9%
8080	Offices of other health practitioners	203	236	18	19	7.6%	8.2%
8090	Outpatient care centers	2,158	2,387	98	119	4.1%	5.0%
8170	Home health care services	1,092	1,285	80	92	6.2%	7.2%
8180	Other health care services	1,316	1,604	105	121	6.6%	7.5%
8191	General medical and surgical hospitals, and specialty (except psychiatric and s	6,494	7,238	928	1,039	12.8%	14.4%
8192	Psychiatric and substance abuse hospitals	82	95	21	23	21.6%	24.3%
8270	Nursing care facilities (skilled nursing facilities)	1,218	1,343	86	100	6.4%	7.5%
8290	Residential care facilities, except skilled nursing facilities	806	903	33	36	3.6%	3.9%
8370	Individual and family services	1,563	1,769	168	184	9.5%	10.4%
8380	Community food and housing, and emergency services	146	160	17	17	10.4%	10.4%
8390	Vocational rehabilitation services	85	100	5	5	4.8%	5.4%
8470	Child day care services	1,030	1,185	64	73	5.4%	6.2%
	ARTS, ENTERTAINMENT, & RECREATION	2,467	2,878	201	236	7.0%	8.2%
8561	Performing arts companies	112	142	31	31	22.0%	22.0%
8562	Spectator sports	110	149	19	25	13.0%	16.8%
8563	Promoters of performing arts, sports, and similar events, agents and managers f	89	118	12	12	10.6%	10.6%
8564	Independent artists, writers, and performers	66	84	7	7	8.8%	8.8%
8570	Museums, art galleries, historical sites, and similar institutions	385	414	46	51	11.1%	12.2%
8580	Bowling centers	43	48	0	0	0.0%	0.0%
8590	Other amusement, gambling, and recreation industries	1,662	1,921	85	110	4.4%	5.7%
	ACCOMODATION & FOOD SERVICES	8,424	10,233	232	260	2.3%	2.5%
8660	Traveler accommodation	1,149	1,219	95	101	7.8%	8.3%
8670	Recreational vehicle parks and camps, and rooming and boarding houses, dormitor	81	78	0	0	0.0%	0.0%
8680	Restaurants and other food services	7,015	8,748	132	155	1.5%	1.8%
8690	Drinking places, alcoholic beverages	179	189	4	4	2.4%	2.4%
	OTHER SERVICES, EXC. PUBLIC ADMIN.	5,323	5,994	189	219	3.1%	3.7%
8770	Automotive repair and maintenance	910	1,041	22	26	2.1%	2.5%
8780	Car washes	111	156	3	3	1.7%	2.2%
8790	Electronic and precision equipment repair and maintenance	55	67	2	4	3.5%	6.0%
8870	Commercial and industrial machinery and equipment repair and maintenance	226	251	16	24	6.4%	9.6%
8891	Personal and household goods repair and maintenance	78	92	4	4	4.6%	4.6%
8970	Barber shops	60	75	2	2	2.2%	2.2%
8980	Beauty salons	438	549	4	4	0.6%	0.6%
8990	Nail salons and other personal care services	314	414	0	2	0.0%	0.5%
9070	Dry cleaning and laundry services	180	197	14	15	7.2%	7.6%
9080	Funeral homes, and cemeteries and crematories	108	111	1	1	1.3%	1.3%
9090	Other personal services	314	389	13	15	3.4%	4.0%
9160	Religious organizations	873	931	5	6	0.5%	0.7%
9170	Civic, social, advocacy organizations, and grantmaking and giving services	850	824	11	17	1.3%	2.1%
9180	Labor unions	99	103	78	80	75.9%	77.7%
9190	Business, professional, political, and similar organizations	158	141	4	5	3.1%	3.3%
9290	Private households	549	654	10	10	1.5%	1.5%
	PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION	7,717	8,018	2,311	2,562	28.8%	32.0%
9370	Executive offices and legislative bodies	1,239	1,288	264	283	20.5%	21.9%
9380	Public finance activities	346	363	112	127	30.8%	35.0%
9390	Other general government and support	141	152	26	32	17.3%	21.2%
9470	Justice, public order, and safety activities	2,339	2,656	1,097	1,181	41.3%	44.5%
9480	Administration of human resource programs	1,543	1,619	417	473	25.7%	29.2%
9490	Administration of environmental quality and housing programs	326	241	51	56	21.3%	23.2%
9570	Administration of economic programs and space research	688	637	169	193	26.5%	30.3%
9590	National security and international affairs	1,095	1,062	175	218	16.5%	20.5%
Copyright 2024 by Barry T. Hirsch, David A. Macpherson, and William E. Even.  The use of this data requires citation.