| Union Membership, Coverage, Density, and Employment: | |||||||
| White Male Workers | |||||||
| Year | Sample Size | Wage | At Cap | Union Wage | Nonunion Wage | Unadjusted Union Wage Prem. | Adjusted Union Wage Prem. |
| 1973 | 21,341 | $4.71 | 0.2% | $5.04 | $4.57 | 10.4% | 17.0% |
| 1974 | 20,147 | $5.07 | 0.3% | $5.45 | $4.91 | 11.0% | 16.9% |
| 1975 | 19,856 | $5.49 | 0.4% | $5.87 | $5.35 | 9.7% | 17.4% |
| 1976 | 19,649 | $5.83 | 0.5% | $6.33 | $5.63 | 12.4% | 19.5% |
| 1977 | 23,831 | $6.26 | 0.7% | $6.98 | $5.96 | 17.2% | 20.9% |
| 1978 | 22,508 | $6.68 | 0.7% | $7.41 | $6.38 | 16.2% | 19.9% |
| 1979 | 22,520 | $7.57 | 1.0% | $8.07 | $7.35 | 9.8% | 14.6% |
| 1980 | 27,915 | $8.25 | 1.3% | $8.70 | $8.06 | 7.9% | 14.2% |
| 1981 | 6,053 | $8.36 | 1.4% | $9.45 | $7.96 | 18.8% | 16.5% |
| 1983 | 70,501 | $9.66 | 3.2% | $10.94 | $9.25 | 18.3% | 22.1% |
| 1984 | 70,871 | $10.05 | 4.0% | $11.29 | $9.69 | 16.5% | 22.1% |
| 1985 | 71,861 | $10.54 | 4.7% | $11.85 | $10.17 | 16.5% | 22.2% |
| 1986 | 73,339 | $11.00 | 5.6% | $12.28 | $10.65 | 15.2% | 20.4% |
| 1987 | 70,908 | $11.32 | 6.4% | $12.68 | $10.97 | 15.6% | 20.3% |
| 1988 | 67,391 | $11.87 | 7.6% | $13.39 | $11.48 | 16.7% | 19.4% |
| 1989 | 68,317 | $12.20 | 1.1% | $13.94 | $11.78 | 18.3% | 21.1% |
| 1990 | 71,218 | $12.67 | 1.3% | $14.48 | $12.26 | 18.1% | 21.1% |
| 1991 | 68,414 | $13.10 | 1.5% | $14.84 | $12.70 | 16.9% | 20.4% |
| 1992 | 66,982 | $13.33 | 1.6% | $15.32 | $12.89 | 18.9% | 20.3% |
| 1993 | 64,439 | $13.73 | 1.8% | $15.87 | $13.26 | 19.7% | 22.1% |
| 1994 | 74,374 | $14.36 | 2.1% | $16.34 | $13.95 | 17.2% | 26.4% |
| 1995 | 73,549 | $14.80 | 2.4% | $16.77 | $14.41 | 16.4% | 23.8% |
| 1996 | 52,459 | $15.00 | 2.5% | $17.58 | $14.50 | 21.2% | 22.3% |
| 1997 | 53,203 | $15.59 | 2.8% | $18.17 | $15.09 | 20.4% | 23.0% |
| 1998 | 52,701 | $16.30 | 1.1% | $18.85 | $15.82 | 19.2% | 22.7% |
| 1999 | 50,725 | $17.21 | 1.3% | $19.57 | $16.76 | 16.7% | 22.0% |
| 2000 | 49,425 | $17.91 | 1.5% | $20.09 | $17.52 | 14.7% | 21.0% |
| 2001 | 51,986 | $18.92 | 1.7% | $20.96 | $18.56 | 12.9% | 20.8% |
| 2002 | 56,114 | $19.47 | 1.9% | $21.73 | $19.08 | 13.9% | 20.8% |
| 2003 | 53,130 | $19.90 | 2.1% | $22.41 | $19.48 | 15.1% | 22.1% |
| 2004 | 52,626 | $20.34 | 2.2% | $23.11 | $19.89 | 16.2% | 20.3% |
| 2005 | 53,734 | $20.97 | 2.5% | $23.86 | $20.51 | 16.3% | 21.4% |
| 2006 | 53,408 | $21.59 | 2.7% | $24.38 | $21.17 | 15.2% | 18.8% |
| 2007 | 53,240 | $22.34 | 3.0% | $25.09 | $21.91 | 14.5% | 19.3% |
| 2008 | 52,245 | $23.51 | 3.4% | $26.17 | $23.08 | 13.4% | 19.4% |
| 2009 | 50,532 | $24.00 | 3.7% | $26.65 | $23.57 | 13.0% | 18.4% |
| 2010 | 47,472 | $24.12 | 3.9% | $27.43 | $23.62 | 16.1% | 19.7% |
| 2011 | 46,391 | $24.29 | 3.9% | $27.66 | $23.80 | 16.2% | 19.5% |
| 2012 | 47,158 | $25.06 | 4.3% | $27.91 | $24.65 | 13.2% | 18.9% |
| 2013 | 45,823 | $25.61 | 4.7% | $28.66 | $25.19 | 13.8% | 20.0% |
| 2014 | 45,273 | $25.95 | 4.7% | $29.12 | $25.50 | 14.2% | 20.1% |
| 2015 | 42,788 | $27.25 | 5.4% | $30.23 | $26.85 | 12.6% | 19.0% |
| 2016 | 43,619 | $28.29 | 5.8% | $31.38 | $27.88 | 12.6% | 20.4% |
| 2017 | 42,892 | $28.93 | 6.0% | $32.26 | $28.47 | 13.3% | 20.9% |
| 2018 | 41,768 | $30.57 | 6.9% | $33.18 | $30.21 | 9.8% | 20.8% |
| 2019 | 40,352 | $31.72 | 7.3% | $34.47 | $31.36 | 9.9% | 17.7% |
| 2020 | 36,278 | $34.26 | 8.3% | $36.23 | $34.00 | 6.6% | 15.9% |
| 2021 | 35,302 | $35.82 | 8.8% | $37.06 | $35.66 | 3.9% | 14.2% |
| 2022 | 35,022 | $38.55 | 10.3% | $38.94 | $38.50 | 1.2% | 15.3% |
| 2023 | 34,331 | $40.02 | 7.0% | $41.21 | $39.87 | 3.4% | 12.5% |
| Copyright 2024 by Barry T. Hirsch, David A. Macpherson, and William E. Even. The use of this data requires citation. | |||||||