Union Membership, Coverage, Density, and Employment:
Transportation, Communication and Utility Workers
Year	Sample Size	Wage	At Cap	Union Wage	Nonunion Wage	Unadjusted Union Wage Prem.	Adjusted Union Wage Prem.
1973	3,085	$4.85	0.1%	$5.12	$4.56	12.1%	18.6%
1974	2,989	$5.17	0.2%	$5.44	$4.87	11.8%	17.4%
1975	2,910	$5.75	0.2%	$5.96	$5.55	7.3%	17.1%
1976	2,777	$6.19	0.2%	$6.58	$5.80	13.5%	23.5%
1977	3,473	$6.67	0.3%	$7.24	$6.05	19.7%	26.4%
1978	3,367	$7.07	0.4%	$7.59	$6.49	17.0%	25.6%
1979	3,588	$7.80	0.5%	$8.12	$7.43	9.3%	18.2%
1980	4,529	$8.53	0.9%	$8.76	$8.27	6.0%	17.1%
1981	938	$8.80	1.0%	$9.75	$7.92	23.0%	24.3%
1983	10,982	$10.69	2.3%	$11.56	$9.93	16.4%	30.2%
1984	11,043	$11.04	2.9%	$11.90	$10.39	14.6%	29.2%
1985	11,352	$11.46	3.3%	$12.51	$10.71	16.8%	30.4%
1986	11,669	$11.93	4.1%	$12.80	$11.32	13.0%	26.0%
1987	11,279	$12.10	4.6%	$13.14	$11.43	15.0%	27.1%
1988	10,835	$12.61	5.6%	$13.72	$11.89	15.3%	28.2%
1989	10,840	$13.05	0.6%	$14.81	$11.96	23.8%	31.5%
1990	11,363	$13.72	0.8%	$15.28	$12.77	19.6%	29.1%
1991	11,000	$14.09	1.0%	$15.64	$13.19	18.5%	28.2%
1992	10,814	$14.54	0.9%	$16.24	$13.56	19.7%	27.5%
1993	10,533	$14.80	1.2%	$16.74	$13.69	22.3%	31.3%
1994	12,585	$14.95	1.5%	$16.68	$14.02	19.0%	35.8%
1995	12,370	$15.00	1.3%	$16.58	$14.18	17.0%	32.4%
1996	8,224	$15.63	1.2%	$17.96	$14.50	23.9%	33.2%
1997	8,538	$16.45	1.7%	$18.82	$15.30	23.0%	32.2%
1998	8,518	$17.18	0.7%	$19.97	$15.89	25.7%	32.5%
1999	8,337	$17.72	0.7%	$20.50	$16.47	24.5%	32.5%
2000	8,261	$18.53	0.8%	$20.49	$17.67	16.0%	29.4%
2001	8,444	$19.30	0.8%	$21.47	$18.36	16.9%	29.1%
2002	9,061	$19.71	1.0%	$22.09	$18.70	18.1%	32.8%
2003	9,458	$20.51	1.3%	$23.22	$19.50	19.1%	31.6%
2004	9,056	$21.01	1.4%	$23.75	$20.00	18.7%	27.9%
2005	9,287	$21.54	1.8%	$24.87	$20.35	22.2%	31.5%
2006	9,280	$21.95	1.8%	$24.67	$21.04	17.3%	28.2%
2007	9,388	$22.37	1.9%	$25.04	$21.53	16.3%	29.9%
2008	9,247	$23.46	2.3%	$26.29	$22.51	16.8%	30.3%
2009	8,839	$24.09	2.6%	$27.74	$22.88	21.2%	29.7%
2010	8,235	$24.38	2.8%	$28.26	$23.12	22.2%	33.1%
2011	7,925	$24.82	2.9%	$28.57	$23.64	20.8%	30.1%
2012	7,915	$25.38	2.9%	$28.76	$24.33	18.2%	30.4%
2013	7,578	$25.81	3.4%	$30.25	$24.52	23.4%	33.7%
2014	7,557	$26.29	3.6%	$28.96	$25.51	13.5%	28.5%
2015	6,977	$28.24	4.9%	$31.57	$27.28	15.7%	32.3%
2016	7,147	$28.53	4.8%	$31.91	$27.57	15.7%	30.9%
2017	7,022	$29.48	5.1%	$34.26	$28.13	21.8%	33.4%
2018	7,025	$30.38	5.9%	$33.98	$29.42	15.5%	34.3%
2019	6,576	$30.54	5.5%	$35.18	$29.33	19.9%	34.0%
2020	6,112	$33.66	7.2%	$37.82	$32.51	16.4%	30.0%
2021	6,202	$34.15	7.3%	$37.10	$33.45	10.9%	26.1%
2022	6,264	$36.70	8.7%	$41.18	$35.63	15.6%	29.0%
2023	6,196	$40.29	7.0%	$43.73	$39.46	10.8%	29.1%
Copyright 2024 by Barry T. Hirsch, David A. Macpherson, and William E. Even.  The use of this data requires citation.