| Union Membership, Coverage, Density, and Employment: | |||||||
| Public Sector Workers | |||||||
| Year | Sample Size | Wage | At Cap | Union Wage | Nonunion Wage | Unadjusted Union Wage Prem. | Adjusted Union Wage Prem. |
| 1973 | 7,344 | $4.45 | 0.0% | $4.86 | $4.33 | 12.4% | 9.1% |
| 1974 | 7,079 | $4.76 | 0.0% | $5.32 | $4.57 | 16.2% | 10.9% |
| 1975 | 7,444 | $5.13 | 0.1% | $5.67 | $4.95 | 14.6% | 10.5% |
| 1976 | 7,257 | $5.41 | 0.0% | $6.10 | $5.17 | 18.0% | 11.9% |
| 1977 | 9,389 | $5.74 | 0.1% | $6.51 | $5.35 | 21.8% | 9.9% |
| 1978 | 8,702 | $6.02 | 0.1% | $6.75 | $5.64 | 19.7% | 9.1% |
| 1979 | 8,685 | $6.80 | 0.3% | $7.27 | $6.50 | 11.8% | 7.4% |
| 1980 | 11,233 | $7.31 | 0.3% | $7.80 | $7.02 | 11.0% | 6.1% |
| 1981 | 2,336 | $7.47 | 0.3% | $8.30 | $7.03 | 18.1% | 8.2% |
| 1983 | 28,182 | $8.88 | 1.3% | $9.79 | $8.34 | 17.3% | 7.9% |
| 1984 | 27,641 | $9.36 | 1.6% | $10.35 | $8.81 | 17.5% | 8.7% |
| 1985 | 27,615 | $9.92 | 2.1% | $10.84 | $9.40 | 15.3% | 8.8% |
| 1986 | 28,240 | $10.34 | 2.3% | $11.40 | $9.74 | 17.0% | 9.3% |
| 1987 | 27,674 | $10.81 | 2.9% | $12.09 | $10.09 | 19.8% | 9.4% |
| 1988 | 26,550 | $11.43 | 4.1% | $12.90 | $10.57 | 22.1% | 10.6% |
| 1989 | 26,706 | $11.86 | 0.2% | $13.27 | $11.03 | 20.3% | 10.2% |
| 1990 | 28,219 | $12.39 | 0.3% | $14.09 | $11.42 | 23.3% | 12.5% |
| 1991 | 27,693 | $12.94 | 0.4% | $14.51 | $12.04 | 20.5% | 10.7% |
| 1992 | 27,242 | $13.36 | 0.4% | $15.04 | $12.40 | 21.3% | 10.9% |
| 1993 | 26,804 | $13.90 | 0.5% | $15.54 | $12.90 | 20.5% | 11.8% |
| 1994 | 29,882 | $14.48 | 0.8% | $16.26 | $13.34 | 21.9% | 15.6% |
| 1995 | 29,287 | $14.73 | 0.8% | $16.58 | $13.61 | 21.9% | 14.4% |
| 1996 | 20,663 | $15.27 | 0.8% | $17.34 | $13.98 | 24.0% | 14.0% |
| 1997 | 20,601 | $15.67 | 0.9% | $17.93 | $14.28 | 25.6% | 14.1% |
| 1998 | 20,147 | $16.12 | 0.3% | $18.21 | $14.82 | 22.9% | 14.4% |
| 1999 | 19,874 | $16.85 | 0.3% | $18.95 | $15.55 | 21.9% | 15.0% |
| 2000 | 19,284 | $17.42 | 0.3% | $19.39 | $16.19 | 19.8% | 13.2% |
| 2001 | 20,328 | $18.06 | 0.3% | $20.15 | $16.76 | 20.2% | 14.1% |
| 2002 | 22,519 | $18.74 | 0.3% | $20.77 | $17.45 | 19.1% | 10.8% |
| 2003 | 21,624 | $19.45 | 0.5% | $21.60 | $18.10 | 19.3% | 13.0% |
| 2004 | 21,435 | $20.16 | 0.7% | $22.41 | $18.76 | 19.5% | 10.9% |
| 2005 | 21,822 | $20.53 | 0.5% | $22.67 | $19.22 | 18.0% | 11.8% |
| 2006 | 21,550 | $21.15 | 0.8% | $23.19 | $19.91 | 16.5% | 12.3% |
| 2007 | 21,944 | $21.97 | 0.9% | $24.15 | $20.67 | 16.9% | 9.8% |
| 2008 | 21,816 | $22.83 | 1.0% | $24.88 | $21.56 | 15.4% | 11.5% |
| 2009 | 21,885 | $23.25 | 1.2% | $25.44 | $21.83 | 16.6% | 9.9% |
| 2010 | 20,597 | $24.00 | 1.5% | $26.28 | $22.58 | 16.4% | 9.6% |
| 2011 | 19,739 | $24.60 | 1.6% | $27.11 | $23.03 | 17.7% | 12.1% |
| 2012 | 19,541 | $24.81 | 1.8% | $27.27 | $23.34 | 16.9% | 10.3% |
| 2013 | 18,741 | $25.12 | 1.9% | $27.62 | $23.65 | 16.8% | 10.4% |
| 2014 | 18,253 | $25.57 | 1.8% | $27.94 | $24.16 | 15.6% | 10.0% |
| 2015 | 17,724 | $26.81 | 2.5% | $28.94 | $25.53 | 13.4% | 8.1% |
| 2016 | 17,779 | $27.11 | 2.4% | $29.58 | $25.66 | 15.3% | 11.3% |
| 2017 | 17,484 | $27.88 | 2.7% | $30.08 | $26.62 | 13.0% | 9.2% |
| 2018 | 16,889 | $28.62 | 3.1% | $30.69 | $27.47 | 11.7% | 8.8% |
| 2019 | 16,019 | $29.40 | 3.2% | $31.93 | $28.00 | 14.0% | 10.4% |
| 2020 | 15,312 | $31.67 | 4.0% | $33.46 | $30.62 | 9.3% | 8.8% |
| 2021 | 14,537 | $33.08 | 4.5% | $34.90 | $32.05 | 8.9% | 6.0% |
| 2022 | 14,238 | $34.43 | 4.9% | $36.91 | $33.13 | 11.4% | 8.1% |
| 2023 | 13,934 | $36.21 | 3.6% | $38.48 | $35.02 | 9.9% | 5.0% |
| Copyright 2024 by Barry T. Hirsch, David A. Macpherson, and William E. Even. The use of this data requires citation. | |||||||