| Union Membership, Coverage, Density, and Employment: | |||||||
| Private Sector Nonagricultural Workers | |||||||
| Year | Sample Size | Wage | At Cap | Union Wage | Nonunion Wage | Unadjusted Union Wage Prem. | Adjusted Union Wage Prem. |
| 1973 | 31,794 | $3.88 | 0.1% | $4.57 | $3.65 | 25.0% | 18.1% |
| 1974 | 30,229 | $4.18 | 0.2% | $4.95 | $3.93 | 26.0% | 18.2% |
| 1975 | 29,715 | $4.54 | 0.3% | $5.37 | $4.30 | 24.8% | 19.8% |
| 1976 | 30,008 | $4.83 | 0.4% | $5.76 | $4.57 | 26.1% | 21.2% |
| 1977 | 36,352 | $5.16 | 0.4% | $6.33 | $4.82 | 31.3% | 24.1% |
| 1978 | 35,066 | $5.53 | 0.5% | $6.78 | $5.18 | 30.9% | 23.6% |
| 1979 | 34,844 | $6.30 | 0.6% | $7.34 | $5.99 | 22.5% | 17.4% |
| 1980 | 43,632 | $6.84 | 0.8% | $7.93 | $6.54 | 21.2% | 17.7% |
| 1981 | 9,972 | $6.92 | 0.9% | $8.67 | $6.49 | 33.7% | 20.5% |
| 1983 | 118,474 | $7.94 | 1.8% | $9.95 | $7.54 | 32.0% | 26.6% |
| 1984 | 120,469 | $8.23 | 2.3% | $10.23 | $7.86 | 30.2% | 27.3% |
| 1985 | 123,860 | $8.61 | 2.7% | $10.73 | $8.24 | 30.1% | 26.9% |
| 1986 | 128,604 | $8.98 | 3.2% | $11.06 | $8.64 | 28.0% | 25.3% |
| 1987 | 125,316 | $9.27 | 3.7% | $11.37 | $8.94 | 27.2% | 25.2% |
| 1988 | 118,596 | $9.69 | 4.4% | $11.86 | $9.37 | 26.6% | 23.7% |
| 1989 | 120,792 | $10.16 | 0.6% | $12.60 | $9.81 | 28.4% | 25.9% |
| 1990 | 125,970 | $10.61 | 0.8% | $12.95 | $10.29 | 25.8% | 24.4% |
| 1991 | 121,676 | $11.02 | 0.9% | $13.32 | $10.72 | 24.3% | 23.7% |
| 1992 | 119,931 | $11.30 | 1.0% | $13.70 | $10.99 | 24.7% | 23.6% |
| 1993 | 116,376 | $11.63 | 1.1% | $14.21 | $11.30 | 25.7% | 25.1% |
| 1994 | 137,126 | $12.16 | 1.4% | $14.48 | $11.88 | 21.9% | 26.8% |
| 1995 | 137,177 | $12.49 | 1.5% | $14.78 | $12.22 | 20.9% | 26.0% |
| 1996 | 95,025 | $12.76 | 1.6% | $15.56 | $12.45 | 25.0% | 25.0% |
| 1997 | 97,270 | $13.30 | 1.8% | $16.24 | $12.97 | 25.2% | 24.5% |
| 1998 | 97,047 | $13.95 | 0.7% | $16.85 | $13.64 | 23.5% | 23.7% |
| 1999 | 92,881 | $14.70 | 0.8% | $17.70 | $14.39 | 23.0% | 23.7% |
| 2000 | 91,202 | $15.41 | 1.0% | $18.02 | $15.15 | 18.9% | 21.7% |
| 2001 | 95,510 | $16.36 | 1.2% | $18.90 | $16.11 | 17.3% | 21.6% |
| 2002 | 102,898 | $16.83 | 1.3% | $19.58 | $16.57 | 18.2% | 23.3% |
| 2003 | 99,452 | $17.19 | 1.4% | $20.02 | $16.93 | 18.3% | 22.7% |
| 2004 | 98,262 | $17.61 | 1.5% | $20.89 | $17.32 | 20.6% | 22.6% |
| 2005 | 100,007 | $18.20 | 1.7% | $21.47 | $17.93 | 19.7% | 21.8% |
| 2006 | 99,739 | $18.81 | 1.8% | $21.99 | $18.55 | 18.5% | 20.4% |
| 2007 | 99,644 | $19.41 | 2.0% | $22.63 | $19.14 | 18.2% | 21.6% |
| 2008 | 98,415 | $20.40 | 2.3% | $23.54 | $20.13 | 16.9% | 20.8% |
| 2009 | 95,336 | $20.70 | 2.5% | $23.92 | $20.44 | 17.0% | 20.0% |
| 2010 | 90,496 | $20.84 | 2.6% | $24.58 | $20.55 | 19.6% | 21.9% |
| 2011 | 88,583 | $21.20 | 2.7% | $24.51 | $20.95 | 17.0% | 20.1% |
| 2012 | 90,133 | $21.78 | 3.0% | $25.13 | $21.54 | 16.7% | 20.4% |
| 2013 | 87,593 | $22.26 | 3.2% | $25.97 | $21.99 | 18.1% | 20.5% |
| 2014 | 86,610 | $22.78 | 3.4% | $26.28 | $22.52 | 16.7% | 21.1% |
| 2015 | 82,722 | $23.73 | 3.8% | $27.08 | $23.48 | 15.3% | 19.1% |
| 2016 | 84,078 | $24.69 | 4.2% | $27.88 | $24.46 | 14.0% | 20.8% |
| 2017 | 83,177 | $25.42 | 4.4% | $29.35 | $25.13 | 16.8% | 21.3% |
| 2018 | 80,777 | $26.74 | 5.0% | $30.34 | $26.48 | 14.6% | 20.8% |
| 2019 | 77,935 | $27.96 | 5.5% | $31.51 | $27.72 | 13.7% | 17.3% |
| 2020 | 69,088 | $30.50 | 6.5% | $33.10 | $30.32 | 9.2% | 15.4% |
| 2021 | 68,499 | $31.89 | 7.0% | $34.16 | $31.74 | 7.6% | 13.3% |
| 2022 | 68,836 | $34.19 | 8.0% | $35.34 | $34.12 | 3.6% | 14.9% |
| 2023 | 67,304 | $36.18 | 5.7% | $37.83 | $36.07 | 4.9% | 14.2% |
| Copyright 2024 by Barry T. Hirsch, David A. Macpherson, and William E. Even. The use of this data requires citation. | |||||||