Union Membership, Coverage, Density, and Employment:
Private Sector Construction Workers
Year	Sample Size	Wage	At Cap	Union Wage	Nonunion Wage	Unadjusted Union Wage Prem.	Adjusted Union Wage Prem.
1973	2,211	$5.24	0.1%	$6.78	$4.22	60.5%	49.7%
1974	1,957	$5.52	0.2%	$7.17	$4.50	59.4%	48.9%
1975	1,734	$5.86	0.4%	$7.67	$4.77	60.8%	56.4%
1976	1,791	$6.34	0.4%	$8.39	$5.20	61.4%	54.6%
1977	2,360	$6.69	0.4%	$9.06	$5.42	67.1%	54.3%
1978	2,341	$6.93	0.4%	$9.45	$5.73	65.0%	51.1%
1979	2,187	$7.82	0.4%	$10.34	$6.49	59.2%	43.3%
1980	2,658	$8.38	0.6%	$10.76	$7.21	49.3%	44.5%
1981	604	$8.79	0.9%	$11.52	$7.34	56.9%	42.0%
1983	6,885	$9.45	1.4%	$13.77	$7.85	75.4%	55.6%
1984	7,153	$9.58	1.8%	$14.42	$8.13	77.4%	58.6%
1985	7,409	$9.90	2.0%	$14.88	$8.47	75.6%	57.0%
1986	7,768	$10.22	2.0%	$15.19	$8.79	72.9%	50.8%
1987	7,559	$10.52	2.5%	$15.62	$9.17	70.3%	50.8%
1988	7,205	$11.03	3.3%	$16.05	$9.72	65.2%	45.9%
1989	7,259	$11.51	0.4%	$16.47	$10.15	62.3%	46.9%
1990	7,369	$11.94	0.5%	$17.01	$10.66	59.6%	44.4%
1991	6,533	$12.10	0.4%	$17.31	$10.75	61.0%	45.9%
1992	6,197	$12.36	0.3%	$17.97	$10.96	64.0%	43.8%
1993	6,186	$12.54	0.3%	$17.91	$11.24	59.3%	42.5%
1994	7,355	$12.82	0.5%	$17.63	$11.70	50.6%	46.6%
1995	7,590	$13.16	0.5%	$18.32	$12.04	52.1%	50.6%
1996	5,411	$13.75	0.6%	$19.69	$12.41	58.6%	45.0%
1997	5,618	$14.08	0.5%	$20.23	$12.66	59.7%	47.6%
1998	5,677	$14.72	0.2%	$20.96	$13.34	57.2%	43.1%
1999	5,558	$15.30	0.2%	$21.54	$13.85	55.5%	44.6%
2000	5,774	$15.81	0.3%	$22.24	$14.35	55.0%	40.8%
2001	6,302	$16.83	0.4%	$23.50	$15.32	53.4%	41.9%
2002	6,733	$17.05	0.6%	$23.42	$15.72	49.0%	44.6%
2003	6,701	$17.35	0.6%	$24.10	$16.01	50.5%	44.1%
2004	6,924	$17.40	0.6%	$25.48	$16.03	59.0%	44.4%
2005	7,349	$17.59	0.8%	$25.61	$16.38	56.4%	40.6%
2006	7,501	$18.39	0.8%	$27.00	$17.10	58.0%	41.7%
2007	7,520	$18.98	1.0%	$27.43	$17.57	56.1%	43.2%
2008	6,676	$20.56	1.2%	$28.55	$19.04	50.0%	42.2%
2009	5,786	$20.98	1.1%	$29.69	$19.47	52.5%	44.5%
2010	5,126	$20.94	1.4%	$30.53	$19.46	56.9%	45.4%
2011	5,085	$21.33	1.5%	$30.47	$19.81	53.8%	48.7%
2012	5,010	$21.77	1.5%	$30.43	$20.40	49.2%	46.0%
2013	5,015	$21.87	1.6%	$31.09	$20.31	53.1%	44.7%
2014	5,206	$22.30	1.8%	$32.30	$20.66	56.3%	47.9%
2015	4,955	$23.02	2.0%	$31.48	$21.73	44.9%	40.2%
2016	5,216	$23.98	2.3%	$34.34	$22.22	54.5%	49.7%
2017	5,308	$24.83	2.4%	$33.70	$23.23	45.1%	46.0%
2018	5,390	$26.15	3.2%	$36.46	$24.45	49.1%	47.4%
2019	5,213	$26.97	3.5%	$38.48	$25.12	53.2%	44.8%
2020	4,631	$28.87	3.8%	$36.88	$27.66	33.3%	34.4%
2021	4,566	$29.71	4.1%	$39.62	$28.18	40.6%	39.8%
2022	4,654	$31.11	4.6%	$40.41	$29.76	35.8%	38.1%
2023	4,651	$32.43	3.0%	$41.80	$31.18	34.1%	35.8%
Copyright 2024 by Barry T. Hirsch, David A. Macpherson, and William E. Even.  The use of this data requires citation.