| Union Membership, Coverage, Density, and Employment: | |||||||
| Male Workers | |||||||
| Year | Sample Size | Wage | At Cap | Union Wage | Nonunion Wage | Unadjusted Union Wage Prem. | Adjusted Union Wage Prem. |
| 1973 | 23,463 | $4.62 | 0.2% | $4.96 | $4.47 | 11.0% | 17.4% |
| 1974 | 22,184 | $4.97 | 0.3% | $5.35 | $4.79 | 11.7% | 17.4% |
| 1975 | 21,833 | $5.39 | 0.4% | $5.78 | $5.24 | 10.3% | 17.9% |
| 1976 | 21,634 | $5.72 | 0.5% | $6.25 | $5.50 | 13.6% | 20.2% |
| 1977 | 26,331 | $6.13 | 0.6% | $6.88 | $5.81 | 18.5% | 21.5% |
| 1978 | 24,917 | $6.55 | 0.7% | $7.30 | $6.24 | 17.0% | 20.2% |
| 1979 | 25,016 | $7.43 | 0.9% | $7.92 | $7.20 | 10.0% | 14.5% |
| 1980 | 31,063 | $8.09 | 1.2% | $8.55 | $7.89 | 8.4% | 14.2% |
| 1981 | 6,769 | $8.18 | 1.4% | $9.25 | $7.77 | 19.1% | 15.9% |
| 1983 | 78,883 | $9.45 | 3.0% | $10.74 | $9.02 | 19.0% | 21.9% |
| 1984 | 79,312 | $9.82 | 3.7% | $11.11 | $9.42 | 17.8% | 22.4% |
| 1985 | 80,617 | $10.27 | 4.3% | $11.64 | $9.88 | 17.8% | 22.3% |
| 1986 | 82,868 | $10.73 | 5.1% | $12.06 | $10.35 | 16.5% | 20.8% |
| 1987 | 80,108 | $11.05 | 5.9% | $12.46 | $10.67 | 16.8% | 20.5% |
| 1988 | 75,981 | $11.57 | 7.1% | $13.15 | $11.16 | 17.9% | 19.9% |
| 1989 | 77,066 | $11.90 | 1.0% | $13.77 | $11.43 | 20.4% | 21.5% |
| 1990 | 80,308 | $12.38 | 1.2% | $14.25 | $11.94 | 19.4% | 21.4% |
| 1991 | 77,288 | $12.81 | 1.4% | $14.60 | $12.38 | 17.9% | 20.7% |
| 1992 | 75,935 | $13.03 | 1.4% | $15.08 | $12.57 | 20.0% | 20.7% |
| 1993 | 73,434 | $13.41 | 1.6% | $15.62 | $12.91 | 21.0% | 22.8% |
| 1994 | 86,082 | $14.00 | 2.0% | $15.99 | $13.56 | 17.9% | 26.4% |
| 1995 | 86,158 | $14.39 | 2.1% | $16.37 | $13.97 | 17.1% | 24.1% |
| 1996 | 59,342 | $14.68 | 2.3% | $17.22 | $14.17 | 21.5% | 23.1% |
| 1997 | 60,265 | $15.27 | 2.6% | $17.91 | $14.75 | 21.5% | 23.3% |
| 1998 | 60,049 | $15.93 | 1.0% | $18.44 | $15.45 | 19.4% | 22.9% |
| 1999 | 57,687 | $16.85 | 1.2% | $19.22 | $16.39 | 17.2% | 22.3% |
| 2000 | 56,584 | $17.57 | 1.4% | $19.71 | $17.18 | 14.7% | 21.6% |
| 2001 | 59,203 | $18.62 | 1.6% | $20.72 | $18.23 | 13.6% | 21.1% |
| 2002 | 63,705 | $19.09 | 1.8% | $21.29 | $18.71 | 13.8% | 21.2% |
| 2003 | 60,868 | $19.53 | 1.9% | $22.04 | $19.10 | 15.4% | 22.1% |
| 2004 | 60,470 | $20.04 | 2.1% | $22.85 | $19.57 | 16.7% | 20.6% |
| 2005 | 61,667 | $20.60 | 2.3% | $23.44 | $20.14 | 16.4% | 21.2% |
| 2006 | 61,510 | $21.25 | 2.5% | $23.95 | $20.83 | 14.9% | 18.9% |
| 2007 | 61,629 | $21.93 | 2.7% | $24.71 | $21.50 | 15.0% | 20.3% |
| 2008 | 60,715 | $23.09 | 3.2% | $25.58 | $22.69 | 12.7% | 19.7% |
| 2009 | 58,658 | $23.52 | 3.4% | $26.10 | $23.10 | 13.0% | 18.5% |
| 2010 | 55,611 | $23.68 | 3.6% | $27.03 | $23.17 | 16.7% | 20.4% |
| 2011 | 54,454 | $23.90 | 3.7% | $27.30 | $23.40 | 16.7% | 20.1% |
| 2012 | 55,539 | $24.68 | 4.1% | $27.68 | $24.25 | 14.1% | 18.9% |
| 2013 | 54,026 | $25.18 | 4.4% | $28.19 | $24.76 | 13.9% | 20.2% |
| 2014 | 53,551 | $25.55 | 4.5% | $28.75 | $25.10 | 14.5% | 20.7% |
| 2015 | 51,166 | $26.83 | 5.1% | $29.75 | $26.42 | 12.6% | 18.4% |
| 2016 | 52,120 | $27.91 | 5.7% | $30.54 | $27.55 | 10.8% | 19.3% |
| 2017 | 51,196 | $28.51 | 5.8% | $31.49 | $28.10 | 12.1% | 20.5% |
| 2018 | 49,872 | $30.06 | 6.5% | $32.53 | $29.72 | 9.5% | 20.1% |
| 2019 | 48,157 | $31.31 | 7.1% | $34.02 | $30.96 | 9.9% | 17.8% |
| 2020 | 43,288 | $34.17 | 8.3% | $35.92 | $33.94 | 5.8% | 16.0% |
| 2021 | 42,655 | $35.70 | 8.9% | $36.59 | $35.58 | 2.8% | 13.7% |
| 2022 | 42,537 | $38.32 | 10.2% | $38.76 | $38.26 | 1.3% | 15.8% |
| 2023 | 41,698 | $39.93 | 7.0% | $40.34 | $39.88 | 1.1% | 12.9% |
| Copyright 2024 by Barry T. Hirsch, David A. Macpherson, and William E. Even. The use of this data requires citation. | |||||||