| Union Membership, Coverage, Density, and Employment: | |||||||
| Workers with less than Bachelor's Degree | |||||||
| Year | Sample Size | Wage | At Cap | Union Wage | Nonunion Wage | Unadjusted Union Wage Prem. | Adjusted Union Wage Prem. |
| 1973 | 33,810 | $3.65 | 0.0% | $4.54 | $3.33 | 36.6% | 19.2% |
| 1974 | 31,958 | $3.91 | 0.0% | $4.91 | $3.55 | 38.3% | 19.3% |
| 1975 | 31,295 | $4.20 | 0.1% | $5.30 | $3.84 | 38.1% | 20.0% |
| 1976 | 31,262 | $4.48 | 0.1% | $5.69 | $4.09 | 39.3% | 21.8% |
| 1977 | 38,068 | $4.77 | 0.1% | $6.21 | $4.28 | 45.2% | 24.0% |
| 1978 | 36,304 | $5.08 | 0.1% | $6.62 | $4.58 | 44.7% | 23.5% |
| 1979 | 40,124 | $6.08 | 0.4% | $7.19 | $5.71 | 26.0% | 16.4% |
| 1980 | 50,363 | $6.60 | 0.5% | $7.76 | $6.23 | 24.5% | 16.7% |
| 1981 | 10,388 | $6.37 | 0.3% | $8.33 | $5.82 | 43.2% | 20.6% |
| 1983 | 116,565 | $7.12 | 0.5% | $9.56 | $6.49 | 47.2% | 26.1% |
| 1984 | 117,251 | $7.33 | 0.7% | $9.86 | $6.72 | 46.8% | 27.1% |
| 1985 | 118,875 | $7.64 | 0.9% | $10.29 | $7.03 | 46.4% | 26.9% |
| 1986 | 122,499 | $7.91 | 1.1% | $10.65 | $7.31 | 45.7% | 25.7% |
| 1987 | 119,157 | $8.12 | 1.2% | $10.98 | $7.51 | 46.2% | 25.9% |
| 1988 | 112,580 | $8.42 | 1.5% | $11.43 | $7.81 | 46.4% | 25.2% |
| 1989 | 115,793 | $8.91 | 0.1% | $12.12 | $8.27 | 46.6% | 25.9% |
| 1990 | 119,930 | $9.23 | 0.2% | $12.44 | $8.62 | 44.3% | 24.8% |
| 1991 | 115,475 | $9.58 | 0.2% | $12.83 | $8.96 | 43.1% | 23.9% |
| 1992 | 113,610 | $9.81 | 0.2% | $13.22 | $9.17 | 44.3% | 24.3% |
| 1993 | 109,877 | $10.05 | 0.2% | $13.62 | $9.39 | 45.0% | 26.0% |
| 1994 | 126,757 | $10.50 | 0.4% | $13.75 | $9.90 | 38.8% | 27.3% |
| 1995 | 125,396 | $10.69 | 0.3% | $14.08 | $10.11 | 39.3% | 26.8% |
| 1996 | 87,012 | $10.87 | 0.3% | $14.82 | $10.21 | 45.2% | 26.3% |
| 1997 | 88,416 | $11.26 | 0.4% | $15.42 | $10.59 | 45.6% | 26.5% |
| 1998 | 87,428 | $11.71 | 0.2% | $15.90 | $11.05 | 43.9% | 25.9% |
| 1999 | 83,037 | $12.18 | 0.2% | $16.48 | $11.52 | 43.1% | 26.4% |
| 2000 | 81,278 | $12.67 | 0.2% | $16.90 | $12.02 | 40.6% | 24.1% |
| 2001 | 84,403 | $13.34 | 0.2% | $17.65 | $12.68 | 39.2% | 24.1% |
| 2002 | 90,426 | $13.72 | 0.3% | $18.22 | $13.06 | 39.5% | 25.8% |
| 2003 | 86,088 | $14.00 | 0.3% | $18.71 | $13.33 | 40.4% | 24.5% |
| 2004 | 84,448 | $14.31 | 0.3% | $19.36 | $13.62 | 42.2% | 23.8% |
| 2005 | 85,612 | $14.66 | 0.3% | $19.79 | $13.97 | 41.7% | 23.5% |
| 2006 | 84,724 | $15.07 | 0.3% | $20.31 | $14.39 | 41.2% | 22.5% |
| 2007 | 84,237 | $15.54 | 0.4% | $20.91 | $14.84 | 40.9% | 23.6% |
| 2008 | 82,032 | $16.13 | 0.5% | $21.63 | $15.39 | 40.6% | 23.0% |
| 2009 | 79,051 | $16.34 | 0.5% | $21.96 | $15.58 | 41.0% | 22.2% |
| 2010 | 74,093 | $16.32 | 0.5% | $22.42 | $15.53 | 44.4% | 23.9% |
| 2011 | 71,612 | $16.51 | 0.6% | $22.78 | $15.71 | 45.0% | 23.7% |
| 2012 | 71,307 | $16.76 | 0.6% | $22.94 | $16.00 | 43.4% | 23.8% |
| 2013 | 68,702 | $16.97 | 0.7% | $23.71 | $16.16 | 46.8% | 24.9% |
| 2014 | 67,464 | $17.32 | 0.8% | $23.93 | $16.53 | 44.7% | 25.2% |
| 2015 | 64,012 | $17.88 | 0.9% | $24.27 | $17.13 | 41.7% | 23.0% |
| 2016 | 64,385 | $18.23 | 0.9% | $24.97 | $17.45 | 43.1% | 25.6% |
| 2017 | 62,628 | $18.80 | 0.9% | $25.93 | $17.95 | 44.4% | 24.9% |
| 2018 | 60,022 | $19.65 | 1.1% | $26.57 | $18.84 | 41.0% | 25.5% |
| 2019 | 57,331 | $20.38 | 1.2% | $27.66 | $19.58 | 41.3% | 22.8% |
| 2020 | 49,195 | $21.68 | 1.5% | $28.63 | $20.85 | 37.3% | 20.7% |
| 2021 | 48,295 | $22.38 | 1.6% | $29.16 | $21.63 | 34.8% | 18.9% |
| 2022 | 48,011 | $23.75 | 1.9% | $30.81 | $22.98 | 34.0% | 21.3% |
| 2023 | 46,717 | $25.11 | 1.4% | $32.14 | $24.35 | 32.0% | 19.6% |
| Copyright 2024 by Barry T. Hirsch, David A. Macpherson, and William E. Even. The use of this data requires citation. | |||||||