| Union Membership, Coverage, Density, and Employment: | |||||||
| Workers with Bachelor's Degree or More | |||||||
| Year | Sample Size | Wage | At Cap | Union Wage | Nonunion Wage | Unadjusted Union Wage Prem. | Adjusted Union Wage Prem. |
| 1973 | 5,964 | $5.71 | 0.5% | $5.50 | $5.74 | -4.3% | 3.9% |
| 1974 | 6,008 | $6.12 | 0.8% | $6.18 | $6.11 | 1.2% | 7.3% |
| 1975 | 6,517 | $6.65 | 1.0% | $6.66 | $6.64 | 0.3% | 11.7% |
| 1976 | 6,626 | $6.95 | 1.2% | $7.06 | $6.94 | 1.7% | 8.8% |
| 1977 | 8,523 | $7.33 | 1.3% | $7.34 | $7.33 | 0.2% | 9.3% |
| 1978 | 8,273 | $7.80 | 1.5% | $7.62 | $7.85 | -2.9% | 8.5% |
| 1979 | 4,110 | $9.03 | 2.1% | $8.47 | $9.22 | -8.1% | 4.9% |
| 1980 | 5,432 | $9.66 | 2.5% | $9.05 | $9.87 | -8.3% | -0.8% |
| 1981 | 2,155 | $9.92 | 3.3% | $9.81 | $9.95 | -1.4% | 7.0% |
| 1983 | 32,604 | $11.37 | 5.9% | $11.23 | $11.40 | -1.5% | 6.7% |
| 1984 | 33,213 | $12.06 | 7.2% | $11.87 | $12.10 | -1.9% | 6.9% |
| 1985 | 34,862 | $12.73 | 8.3% | $12.59 | $12.76 | -1.3% | 6.2% |
| 1986 | 36,627 | $13.41 | 9.9% | $13.18 | $13.45 | -2.0% | 6.0% |
| 1987 | 36,059 | $14.03 | 11.4% | $13.91 | $14.05 | -1.0% | 6.2% |
| 1988 | 34,768 | $14.80 | 13.2% | $14.93 | $14.77 | 1.1% | 6.7% |
| 1989 | 33,901 | $15.48 | 1.9% | $15.36 | $15.50 | -0.9% | 7.3% |
| 1990 | 36,567 | $16.29 | 2.4% | $16.60 | $16.23 | 2.3% | 9.9% |
| 1991 | 36,159 | $16.91 | 2.8% | $16.93 | $16.91 | 0.2% | 9.1% |
| 1992 | 35,707 | $17.46 | 3.1% | $17.50 | $17.45 | 0.3% | 7.9% |
| 1993 | 35,342 | $18.05 | 3.4% | $18.32 | $18.00 | 1.7% | 8.4% |
| 1994 | 42,345 | $18.67 | 4.0% | $19.60 | $18.49 | 6.0% | 14.9% |
| 1995 | 43,214 | $19.20 | 4.5% | $19.72 | $19.10 | 3.2% | 13.3% |
| 1996 | 30,436 | $19.63 | 4.6% | $20.32 | $19.51 | 4.2% | 12.3% |
| 1997 | 31,136 | $20.44 | 5.3% | $20.84 | $20.37 | 2.3% | 12.2% |
| 1998 | 31,461 | $21.34 | 2.0% | $21.27 | $21.35 | -0.4% | 12.5% |
| 1999 | 31,402 | $22.46 | 2.3% | $22.20 | $22.51 | -1.4% | 10.6% |
| 2000 | 30,876 | $23.55 | 2.7% | $22.59 | $23.72 | -4.8% | 10.3% |
| 2001 | 33,071 | $24.81 | 3.0% | $23.44 | $25.06 | -6.5% | 11.2% |
| 2002 | 36,819 | $25.44 | 3.2% | $24.03 | $25.70 | -6.5% | 8.3% |
| 2003 | 35,902 | $26.03 | 3.5% | $24.77 | $26.26 | -5.7% | 11.1% |
| 2004 | 36,144 | $26.65 | 3.8% | $25.85 | $26.80 | -3.5% | 9.2% |
| 2005 | 37,098 | $27.68 | 4.1% | $26.21 | $27.95 | -6.2% | 9.1% |
| 2006 | 37,456 | $28.48 | 4.6% | $26.60 | $28.81 | -7.7% | 8.6% |
| 2007 | 38,256 | $29.33 | 4.9% | $27.63 | $29.63 | -6.7% | 7.1% |
| 2008 | 39,082 | $30.62 | 5.5% | $28.46 | $31.01 | -8.2% | 9.2% |
| 2009 | 39,040 | $30.88 | 5.7% | $29.11 | $31.21 | -6.7% | 8.2% |
| 2010 | 37,807 | $31.46 | 6.1% | $30.17 | $31.69 | -4.8% | 8.4% |
| 2011 | 37,593 | $32.01 | 6.3% | $30.58 | $32.25 | -5.2% | 9.1% |
| 2012 | 39,250 | $32.63 | 6.9% | $31.15 | $32.87 | -5.2% | 7.3% |
| 2013 | 38,414 | $33.43 | 7.4% | $31.31 | $33.77 | -7.3% | 7.1% |
| 2014 | 38,261 | $33.84 | 7.5% | $31.68 | $34.18 | -7.3% | 7.0% |
| 2015 | 37,292 | $35.05 | 8.2% | $32.92 | $35.39 | -7.0% | 7.1% |
| 2016 | 38,369 | $36.47 | 9.0% | $33.67 | $36.91 | -8.8% | 8.6% |
| 2017 | 38,894 | $37.11 | 9.3% | $34.76 | $37.46 | -7.2% | 8.2% |
| 2018 | 38,461 | $38.45 | 10.2% | $35.56 | $38.88 | -8.5% | 7.0% |
| 2019 | 37,487 | $39.88 | 10.9% | $36.53 | $40.37 | -9.5% | 6.7% |
| 2020 | 35,961 | $42.78 | 12.2% | $38.62 | $43.39 | -11.0% | 5.7% |
| 2021 | 35,463 | $45.05 | 13.4% | $40.21 | $45.75 | -12.1% | 3.6% |
| 2022 | 35,750 | $48.17 | 15.1% | $42.04 | $48.98 | -14.2% | 5.2% |
| 2023 | 35,187 | $50.72 | 10.6% | $44.73 | $51.51 | -13.2% | 2.7% |
| Copyright 2024 by Barry T. Hirsch, David A. Macpherson, and William E. Even. The use of this data requires citation. | |||||||