| Union Membership, Coverage, Density, and Employment: | |||||||
| All Wage and Salary Workers | |||||||
| Year | Sample Size | Wage | At Cap | Union Wage | Nonunion Wage | Unadjusted Union Wage Prem. | Adjusted Union Wage Prem. |
| 1973 | 39,774 | $3.96 | 0.1% | $4.61 | $3.75 | 22.9% | 17.2% |
| 1974 | 37,966 | $4.26 | 0.2% | $5.02 | $4.02 | 24.9% | 17.6% |
| 1975 | 37,812 | $4.62 | 0.2% | $5.43 | $4.39 | 23.8% | 18.6% |
| 1976 | 37,888 | $4.91 | 0.3% | $5.84 | $4.65 | 25.6% | 19.7% |
| 1977 | 46,591 | $5.24 | 0.4% | $6.38 | $4.87 | 30.8% | 20.9% |
| 1978 | 44,577 | $5.58 | 0.4% | $6.77 | $5.21 | 29.9% | 20.1% |
| 1979 | 44,234 | $6.36 | 0.5% | $7.31 | $6.03 | 21.3% | 15.1% |
| 1980 | 55,795 | $6.89 | 0.7% | $7.88 | $6.57 | 19.9% | 14.7% |
| 1981 | 12,543 | $6.97 | 0.8% | $8.57 | $6.51 | 31.5% | 17.3% |
| 1983 | 149,169 | $8.06 | 1.7% | $9.89 | $7.59 | 30.2% | 21.0% |
| 1984 | 150,464 | $8.37 | 2.2% | $10.26 | $7.93 | 29.4% | 21.7% |
| 1985 | 153,737 | $8.78 | 2.6% | $10.76 | $8.34 | 29.1% | 21.4% |
| 1986 | 159,126 | $9.16 | 3.0% | $11.18 | $8.72 | 28.1% | 20.4% |
| 1987 | 155,216 | $9.48 | 3.5% | $11.62 | $9.03 | 28.8% | 20.3% |
| 1988 | 147,348 | $9.93 | 4.2% | $12.24 | $9.45 | 29.5% | 19.6% |
| 1989 | 149,694 | $10.39 | 0.5% | $12.85 | $9.90 | 29.8% | 20.8% |
| 1990 | 156,497 | $10.85 | 0.7% | $13.39 | $10.36 | 29.2% | 20.5% |
| 1991 | 151,634 | $11.29 | 0.8% | $13.79 | $10.81 | 27.5% | 19.4% |
| 1992 | 149,317 | $11.59 | 0.9% | $14.23 | $11.10 | 28.2% | 19.5% |
| 1993 | 145,219 | $11.96 | 1.0% | $14.77 | $11.44 | 29.1% | 20.7% |
| 1994 | 169,102 | $12.50 | 1.2% | $15.22 | $11.99 | 26.9% | 23.5% |
| 1995 | 168,610 | $12.80 | 1.3% | $15.53 | $12.32 | 26.1% | 22.4% |
| 1996 | 117,448 | $13.11 | 1.4% | $16.32 | $12.55 | 30.0% | 21.9% |
| 1997 | 119,552 | $13.61 | 1.7% | $16.96 | $13.04 | 30.0% | 21.8% |
| 1998 | 118,889 | $14.22 | 0.6% | $17.43 | $13.69 | 27.4% | 21.4% |
| 1999 | 114,439 | $14.97 | 0.7% | $18.24 | $14.44 | 26.3% | 20.9% |
| 2000 | 112,154 | $15.65 | 0.9% | $18.63 | $15.17 | 22.8% | 19.2% |
| 2001 | 117,474 | $16.55 | 1.0% | $19.46 | $16.09 | 20.9% | 19.1% |
| 2002 | 127,245 | $17.06 | 1.1% | $20.14 | $16.58 | 21.4% | 19.0% |
| 2003 | 121,990 | $17.51 | 1.2% | $20.77 | $17.01 | 22.1% | 19.1% |
| 2004 | 120,592 | $17.98 | 1.3% | $21.63 | $17.43 | 24.1% | 18.0% |
| 2005 | 122,710 | $18.54 | 1.5% | $22.05 | $18.02 | 22.3% | 17.6% |
| 2006 | 122,180 | $19.15 | 1.6% | $22.58 | $18.65 | 21.0% | 16.9% |
| 2007 | 122,493 | $19.78 | 1.8% | $23.38 | $19.26 | 21.4% | 17.0% |
| 2008 | 121,114 | $20.75 | 2.1% | $24.20 | $20.24 | 19.6% | 17.0% |
| 2009 | 118,091 | $21.09 | 2.2% | $24.72 | $20.54 | 20.3% | 16.0% |
| 2010 | 111,900 | $21.33 | 2.4% | $25.47 | $20.73 | 22.9% | 16.8% |
| 2011 | 109,205 | $21.71 | 2.5% | $25.87 | $21.12 | 22.5% | 16.9% |
| 2012 | 110,557 | $22.21 | 2.8% | $26.23 | $21.67 | 21.1% | 16.1% |
| 2013 | 107,116 | $22.67 | 3.0% | $26.81 | $22.11 | 21.2% | 16.6% |
| 2014 | 105,725 | $23.15 | 3.1% | $27.11 | $22.62 | 19.9% | 16.4% |
| 2015 | 101,304 | $24.15 | 3.6% | $28.04 | $23.63 | 18.7% | 15.0% |
| 2016 | 102,754 | $24.99 | 3.9% | $28.74 | $24.50 | 17.3% | 17.1% |
| 2017 | 101,522 | $25.73 | 4.1% | $29.70 | $25.21 | 17.8% | 16.3% |
| 2018 | 98,483 | $26.96 | 4.7% | $30.50 | $26.50 | 15.1% | 16.1% |
| 2019 | 94,818 | $28.10 | 5.1% | $31.70 | $27.65 | 14.7% | 14.3% |
| 2020 | 85,156 | $30.58 | 6.0% | $33.28 | $30.22 | 10.1% | 12.5% |
| 2021 | 83,758 | $31.97 | 6.6% | $34.50 | $31.66 | 9.0% | 10.2% |
| 2022 | 83,761 | $34.12 | 7.5% | $36.09 | $33.89 | 6.5% | 12.1% |
| 2023 | 81,904 | $36.09 | 5.4% | $38.12 | $35.85 | 6.3% | 10.1% |
| Copyright 2024 by Barry T. Hirsch, David A. Macpherson, and William E. Even. The use of this data requires citation. | |||||||