Union Membership, Coverage, Density and Employment by State: 2023
State Census Code	State	Sector	Obs	Employment (in 1000s)	Members (in 1000s)	Covered (in 1000s)	% Mem	% Cov
63	Alabama	Total	2,550	2,089	155	180	7.4%	8.6%
63	Alabama	Public	432	345	74	82	21.5%	23.9%
63	Alabama	Private	2,118	1,744	81	97	4.6%	5.6%
63	Alabama	Priv. Manufacturing	399	336	28	32	8.3%	9.4%
63	Alabama	Priv. Construction	150	124	8	9	6.5%	7.6%
94	Alaska	Total	1,507	306	45	47	14.8%	15.3%
94	Alaska	Public	420	84	29	30	34.7%	35.9%
94	Alaska	Private	1,087	223	16	17	7.2%	7.5%
94	Alaska	Priv. Manufacturing	41	9	0	0	5.0%	5.0%
94	Alaska	Priv. Construction	94	20	1	1	7.0%	7.0%
86	Arizona	Total	1,983	3,160	133	152	4.2%	4.8%
86	Arizona	Public	249	391	66	74	16.8%	18.9%
86	Arizona	Private	1,734	2,768	67	79	2.4%	2.8%
86	Arizona	Priv. Manufacturing	176	281	10	10	3.6%	3.6%
86	Arizona	Priv. Construction	144	240	8	9	3.3%	3.9%
71	Arkansas	Total	2,155	1,218	62	71	5.1%	5.8%
71	Arkansas	Public	386	215	19	23	9.0%	10.8%
71	Arkansas	Private	1,769	1,002	43	47	4.3%	4.7%
71	Arkansas	Priv. Manufacturing	245	139	7	9	5.3%	6.6%
71	Arkansas	Priv. Construction	131	75	4	4	5.8%	5.8%
93	California	Total	10,701	16,346	2,514	2,768	15.4%	16.9%
93	California	Public	1,670	2,542	1,301	1,409	51.2%	55.4%
93	California	Private	9,031	13,804	1,213	1,360	8.8%	9.8%
93	California	Priv. Manufacturing	919	1,389	75	110	5.4%	7.9%
93	California	Priv. Construction	632	982	165	176	16.8%	17.9%
84	Colorado	Total	1,711	2,736	189	236	6.9%	8.6%
84	Colorado	Public	297	461	91	121	19.8%	26.2%
84	Colorado	Private	1,414	2,275	98	115	4.3%	5.1%
84	Colorado	Priv. Manufacturing	124	199	6	7	2.8%	3.6%
84	Colorado	Priv. Construction	127	206	4	10	2.0%	5.1%
16	Connecticut	Total	1,382	1,611	255	272	15.8%	16.9%
16	Connecticut	Public	205	244	164	168	67.0%	68.7%
16	Connecticut	Private	1,177	1,367	92	104	6.7%	7.6%
16	Connecticut	Priv. Manufacturing	172	197	16	18	8.3%	9.2%
16	Connecticut	Priv. Construction	62	74	10	12	13.8%	16.5%
51	Delaware	Total	1,378	437	39	44	8.9%	10.1%
51	Delaware	Public	230	71	22	25	30.8%	35.1%
51	Delaware	Private	1,148	366	17	19	4.6%	5.2%
51	Delaware	Priv. Manufacturing	98	31	3	3	9.8%	10.5%
51	Delaware	Priv. Construction	76	25	2	2	7.2%	7.2%
53	District of Columbia	Total	2,050	347	32	36	9.1%	10.4%
53	District of Columbia	Public	563	94	20	23	21.1%	24.0%
53	District of Columbia	Private	1,487	253	12	13	4.6%	5.3%
53	District of Columbia	Priv. Manufacturing	34	5	0	0	0.0%	0.0%
53	District of Columbia	Priv. Construction	29	4	0	0	11.3%	11.3%
59	Florida	Total	5,794	9,443	441	577	4.7%	6.1%
59	Florida	Public	715	1,145	235	300	20.5%	26.2%
59	Florida	Private	5,079	8,298	207	277	2.5%	3.3%
59	Florida	Priv. Manufacturing	284	458	19	24	4.1%	5.1%
59	Florida	Priv. Construction	423	699	20	20	2.8%	2.8%
58	Georgia	Total	2,686	4,624	212	251	4.6%	5.4%
58	Georgia	Public	409	682	96	118	14.0%	17.2%
58	Georgia	Private	2,277	3,942	116	134	2.9%	3.4%
58	Georgia	Priv. Manufacturing	263	441	16	22	3.7%	5.1%
58	Georgia	Priv. Construction	179	319	9	9	2.8%	2.8%
95	Hawaii	Total	1,848	574	138	147	24.1%	25.5%
95	Hawaii	Public	448	135	72	76	53.0%	56.4%
95	Hawaii	Private	1,400	438	66	70	15.2%	16.0%
95	Hawaii	Priv. Manufacturing	37	11	2	2	20.0%	20.0%
95	Hawaii	Priv. Construction	103	33	13	13	38.7%	38.7%
82	Idaho	Total	2,221	811	36	44	4.5%	5.4%
82	Idaho	Public	378	136	17	21	12.8%	15.5%
82	Idaho	Private	1,843	675	19	23	2.8%	3.4%
82	Idaho	Priv. Manufacturing	223	80	3	4	4.0%	4.5%
82	Idaho	Priv. Construction	172	63	3	4	5.4%	7.1%
33	Illinois	Total	3,490	5,536	708	756	12.8%	13.7%
33	Illinois	Public	439	690	319	342	46.1%	49.6%
33	Illinois	Private	3,051	4,846	389	414	8.0%	8.5%
33	Illinois	Priv. Manufacturing	445	688	55	65	8.0%	9.5%
33	Illinois	Priv. Construction	173	268	74	75	27.6%	28.2%
32	Indiana	Total	2,105	3,057	244	277	8.0%	9.1%
32	Indiana	Public	274	378	74	88	19.6%	23.1%
32	Indiana	Private	1,831	2,679	170	189	6.3%	7.1%
32	Indiana	Priv. Manufacturing	386	542	65	67	12.0%	12.5%
32	Indiana	Priv. Construction	123	180	31	31	17.2%	17.2%
42	Iowa	Total	1,626	1,489	106	130	7.1%	8.7%
42	Iowa	Public	226	208	44	56	21.3%	26.8%
42	Iowa	Private	1,400	1,281	62	74	4.8%	5.8%
42	Iowa	Priv. Manufacturing	214	193	23	26	11.8%	13.5%
42	Iowa	Priv. Construction	105	102	10	10	10.0%	10.0%
47	Kansas	Total	1,662	1,361	120	144	8.8%	10.5%
47	Kansas	Public	300	239	47	62	19.8%	25.9%
47	Kansas	Private	1,362	1,122	73	82	6.5%	7.3%
47	Kansas	Priv. Manufacturing	234	187	30	33	15.9%	17.4%
47	Kansas	Priv. Construction	81	68	6	6	8.5%	8.5%
61	Kentucky	Total	1,225	1,725	152	194	8.8%	11.2%
61	Kentucky	Public	205	283	64	77	22.6%	27.2%
61	Kentucky	Private	1,020	1,442	88	117	6.1%	8.1%
61	Kentucky	Priv. Manufacturing	155	226	30	35	13.1%	15.5%
61	Kentucky	Priv. Construction	59	88	9	15	10.2%	17.3%
72	Louisiana	Total	2,604	1,766	76	91	4.3%	5.1%
72	Louisiana	Public	452	304	35	42	11.6%	13.9%
72	Louisiana	Private	2,152	1,461	41	49	2.8%	3.3%
72	Louisiana	Priv. Manufacturing	189	123	9	9	7.1%	7.1%
72	Louisiana	Priv. Construction	197	133	4	5	3.0%	3.4%
11	Maine	Total	948	566	52	61	9.1%	10.8%
11	Maine	Public	143	83	31	37	37.4%	45.2%
11	Maine	Private	805	483	21	24	4.3%	4.9%
11	Maine	Priv. Manufacturing	85	52	5	5	9.3%	10.3%
11	Maine	Priv. Construction	45	27	0	0	1.6%	1.6%
52	Maryland	Total	1,595	2,824	303	362	10.7%	12.8%
52	Maryland	Public	423	753	198	236	26.3%	31.4%
52	Maryland	Private	1,172	2,072	105	125	5.1%	6.0%
52	Maryland	Priv. Manufacturing	77	131	5	7	4.2%	5.2%
52	Maryland	Priv. Construction	98	173	20	22	11.7%	12.7%
14	Massachusetts	Total	3,029	3,265	411	442	12.6%	13.5%
14	Massachusetts	Public	364	379	206	212	54.5%	56.1%
14	Massachusetts	Private	2,665	2,886	204	230	7.1%	8.0%
14	Massachusetts	Priv. Manufacturing	275	292	15	20	5.1%	7.0%
14	Massachusetts	Priv. Construction	181	202	36	37	17.8%	18.2%
34	Michigan	Total	2,930	4,416	566	625	12.8%	14.1%
34	Michigan	Public	317	462	181	200	39.2%	43.4%
34	Michigan	Private	2,613	3,953	385	424	9.7%	10.7%
34	Michigan	Priv. Manufacturing	561	856	162	166	18.9%	19.4%
34	Michigan	Priv. Construction	145	223	42	43	18.8%	19.5%
41	Minnesota	Total	1,844	2,675	354	376	13.2%	14.1%
41	Minnesota	Public	257	363	178	187	49.0%	51.5%
41	Minnesota	Private	1,587	2,312	176	190	7.6%	8.2%
41	Minnesota	Priv. Manufacturing	305	437	34	37	7.9%	8.4%
41	Minnesota	Priv. Construction	91	134	36	38	27.1%	28.1%
64	Mississippi	Total	1,918	1,081	76	106	7.0%	9.8%
64	Mississippi	Public	370	204	26	35	12.8%	17.4%
64	Mississippi	Private	1,548	877	50	71	5.7%	8.1%
64	Mississippi	Priv. Manufacturing	299	174	18	26	10.6%	15.2%
64	Mississippi	Priv. Construction	104	61	1	1	1.3%	2.1%
43	Missouri	Total	1,924	2,733	254	285	9.3%	10.4%
43	Missouri	Public	268	377	84	97	22.3%	25.8%
43	Missouri	Private	1,656	2,357	170	188	7.2%	8.0%
43	Missouri	Priv. Manufacturing	238	337	61	66	18.2%	19.5%
43	Missouri	Priv. Construction	119	168	29	29	17.2%	17.2%
81	Montana	Total	2,044	470	56	61	11.8%	13.0%
81	Montana	Public	399	88	30	33	33.6%	38.0%
81	Montana	Private	1,645	382	26	28	6.8%	7.2%
81	Montana	Priv. Manufacturing	107	25	1	1	3.2%	3.2%
81	Montana	Priv. Construction	138	34	3	4	10.2%	10.9%
46	Nebraska	Total	1,742	940	68	88	7.2%	9.4%
46	Nebraska	Public	279	147	38	49	25.9%	33.5%
46	Nebraska	Private	1,463	792	30	39	3.8%	4.9%
46	Nebraska	Priv. Manufacturing	214	117	14	16	11.6%	14.1%
46	Nebraska	Priv. Construction	94	50	4	4	7.1%	8.3%
88	Nevada	Total	1,667	1,381	171	201	12.4%	14.5%
88	Nevada	Public	213	173	58	69	33.3%	40.2%
88	Nevada	Private	1,454	1,208	113	131	9.4%	10.9%
88	Nevada	Priv. Manufacturing	109	87	3	4	3.2%	4.3%
88	Nevada	Priv. Construction	145	123	20	20	16.3%	16.3%
12	New Hampshire	Total	1,717	669	62	73	9.3%	10.9%
12	New Hampshire	Public	239	89	40	44	45.3%	49.8%
12	New Hampshire	Private	1,478	580	22	28	3.7%	4.9%
12	New Hampshire	Priv. Manufacturing	256	99	3	4	2.8%	4.2%
12	New Hampshire	Priv. Construction	97	38	4	4	10.0%	10.0%
22	New Jersey	Total	2,531	4,207	678	728	16.1%	17.3%
22	New Jersey	Public	339	553	311	326	56.1%	59.0%
22	New Jersey	Private	2,192	3,653	367	401	10.0%	11.0%
22	New Jersey	Priv. Manufacturing	260	424	20	26	4.7%	6.1%
22	New Jersey	Priv. Construction	125	207	25	27	12.2%	13.0%
85	New Mexico	Total	1,831	805	60	73	7.5%	9.1%
85	New Mexico	Public	471	206	39	46	18.7%	22.5%
85	New Mexico	Private	1,360	598	22	26	3.6%	4.4%
85	New Mexico	Priv. Manufacturing	96	41	2	3	5.6%	6.6%
85	New Mexico	Priv. Construction	125	56	2	2	3.2%	3.2%
21	New York	Total	4,673	8,300	1,710	1,785	20.6%	21.5%
21	New York	Public	775	1,353	861	891	63.7%	65.8%
21	New York	Private	3,898	6,947	849	895	12.2%	12.9%
21	New York	Priv. Manufacturing	257	440	48	50	11.0%	11.4%
21	New York	Priv. Construction	257	466	87	87	18.8%	18.8%
56	North Carolina	Total	3,211	4,621	124	151	2.7%	3.3%
56	North Carolina	Public	450	647	51	60	7.8%	9.3%
56	North Carolina	Private	2,761	3,974	74	91	1.9%	2.3%
56	North Carolina	Priv. Manufacturing	435	628	14	15	2.2%	2.4%
56	North Carolina	Priv. Construction	242	347	1	3	0.4%	0.7%
44	North Dakota	Total	1,902	359	22	27	6.2%	7.5%
44	North Dakota	Public	312	58	10	12	17.6%	20.1%
44	North Dakota	Private	1,590	301	12	15	4.0%	5.0%
44	North Dakota	Priv. Manufacturing	194	38	3	4	8.4%	10.5%
44	North Dakota	Priv. Construction	114	21	2	2	9.2%	9.2%
31	Ohio	Total	2,953	5,111	640	690	12.5%	13.5%
31	Ohio	Public	433	740	334	342	45.1%	46.3%
31	Ohio	Private	2,520	4,371	306	348	7.0%	8.0%
31	Ohio	Priv. Manufacturing	480	793	90	95	11.4%	12.0%
31	Ohio	Priv. Construction	157	258	54	56	20.8%	21.7%
73	Oklahoma	Total	1,839	1,707	116	133	6.8%	7.8%
73	Oklahoma	Public	387	343	76	90	22.1%	26.3%
73	Oklahoma	Private	1,452	1,364	41	43	3.0%	3.1%
73	Oklahoma	Priv. Manufacturing	176	160	9	9	5.7%	5.7%
73	Oklahoma	Priv. Construction	90	85	7	7	7.8%	8.6%
92	Oregon	Total	1,995	1,805	255	270	14.1%	15.0%
92	Oregon	Public	325	286	145	150	50.7%	52.4%
92	Oregon	Private	1,670	1,519	110	120	7.2%	7.9%
92	Oregon	Priv. Manufacturing	220	199	10	11	4.9%	5.4%
92	Oregon	Priv. Construction	130	124	19	20	14.9%	16.0%
23	Pennsylvania	Total	3,552	5,786	749	822	13.0%	14.2%
23	Pennsylvania	Public	397	652	350	374	53.6%	57.4%
23	Pennsylvania	Private	3,155	5,134	400	447	7.8%	8.7%
23	Pennsylvania	Priv. Manufacturing	430	671	66	78	9.9%	11.6%
23	Pennsylvania	Priv. Construction	164	261	54	56	20.7%	21.7%
15	Rhode Island	Total	1,126	507	63	67	12.4%	13.3%
15	Rhode Island	Public	139	59	28	29	47.0%	49.1%
15	Rhode Island	Private	987	448	35	38	7.8%	8.6%
15	Rhode Island	Priv. Manufacturing	130	60	4	4	6.3%	7.5%
15	Rhode Island	Priv. Construction	37	17	2	2	12.2%	12.2%
57	South Carolina	Total	2,051	2,130	49	63	2.3%	3.0%
57	South Carolina	Public	361	368	21	25	5.7%	6.9%
57	South Carolina	Private	1,690	1,761	28	37	1.6%	2.1%
57	South Carolina	Priv. Manufacturing	302	324	4	8	1.1%	2.4%
57	South Carolina	Priv. Construction	108	113	2	2	1.7%	1.7%
45	South Dakota	Total	1,541	424	15	18	3.6%	4.2%
45	South Dakota	Public	197	53	9	10	16.5%	18.0%
45	South Dakota	Private	1,344	371	7	8	1.8%	2.2%
45	South Dakota	Priv. Manufacturing	194	55	3	3	6.3%	6.3%
45	South Dakota	Priv. Construction	88	25	1	1	2.0%	2.0%
62	Tennessee	Total	2,169	2,986	178	205	6.0%	6.9%
62	Tennessee	Public	328	432	81	89	18.8%	20.7%
62	Tennessee	Private	1,841	2,553	97	115	3.8%	4.5%
62	Tennessee	Priv. Manufacturing	286	379	20	22	5.2%	5.7%
62	Tennessee	Priv. Construction	128	172	7	7	4.0%	4.0%
74	Texas	Total	7,368	13,036	589	704	4.5%	5.4%
74	Texas	Public	1,013	1,748	290	338	16.6%	19.3%
74	Texas	Private	6,355	11,289	299	366	2.6%	3.2%
74	Texas	Priv. Manufacturing	662	1,157	28	41	2.4%	3.5%
74	Texas	Priv. Construction	555	1,012	18	22	1.8%	2.2%
87	Utah	Total	2,307	1,587	65	134	4.1%	8.4%
87	Utah	Public	382	253	39	55	15.6%	21.8%
87	Utah	Private	1,925	1,334	26	79	1.9%	5.9%
87	Utah	Priv. Manufacturing	261	180	5	13	2.8%	7.1%
87	Utah	Priv. Construction	173	126	4	8	3.4%	6.3%
13	Vermont	Total	1,667	301	43	46	14.3%	15.4%
13	Vermont	Public	264	47	22	25	47.6%	53.4%
13	Vermont	Private	1,403	254	21	21	8.2%	8.4%
13	Vermont	Priv. Manufacturing	167	30	1	1	3.1%	3.1%
13	Vermont	Priv. Construction	82	15	0	0	2.1%	3.0%
54	Virginia	Total	2,463	4,044	175	226	4.3%	5.6%
54	Virginia	Public	564	908	101	132	11.1%	14.5%
54	Virginia	Private	1,899	3,135	75	94	2.4%	3.0%
54	Virginia	Priv. Manufacturing	156	261	15	16	5.6%	6.2%
54	Virginia	Priv. Construction	152	249	13	14	5.2%	5.7%
91	Washington	Total	2,515	3,488	575	630	16.5%	18.1%
91	Washington	Public	418	563	281	306	49.9%	54.4%
91	Washington	Private	2,097	2,925	294	324	10.0%	11.1%
91	Washington	Priv. Manufacturing	247	352	72	75	20.5%	21.2%
91	Washington	Priv. Construction	160	220	30	36	13.6%	16.2%
55	West Virginia	Total	2,239	691	60	70	8.7%	10.1%
55	West Virginia	Public	433	127	23	28	17.9%	21.8%
55	West Virginia	Private	1,806	564	38	42	6.7%	7.4%
55	West Virginia	Priv. Manufacturing	206	65	6	7	9.3%	10.1%
55	West Virginia	Priv. Construction	128	40	7	7	17.1%	18.0%
35	Wisconsin	Total	1,977	2,763	205	232	7.4%	8.4%
35	Wisconsin	Public	253	345	69	84	20.1%	24.3%
35	Wisconsin	Private	1,724	2,418	136	148	5.6%	6.1%
35	Wisconsin	Priv. Manufacturing	370	502	42	44	8.4%	8.7%
35	Wisconsin	Priv. Construction	107	152	41	41	26.6%	26.6%
83	Wyoming	Total	1,809	256	14	17	5.6%	6.6%
83	Wyoming	Public	469	65	8	11	13.0%	16.6%
83	Wyoming	Private	1,340	191	6	6	3.0%	3.2%
83	Wyoming	Priv. Manufacturing	99	14	1	1	4.6%	4.6%
83	Wyoming	Priv. Construction	121	18	1	1	3.3%	3.3%
Copyright 2024 by Barry T. Hirsch, David A. Macpherson, and William E. Even.  The use of this data requires citation.