Union Membership, Coverage, Density and Employment by Occupation: 2023
COC	Occupation	Obs	Employment (in 1000s)	Members (in 1000s)	Covered (in 1000s)	% Mem	% Cov
	MANAGEMENT, BUSINESS, AND FINANCIAL OCCUPATIONS	22,292	25,430	1,035	1,249	4.1%	4.9%
10	Chief executives	1,237	1,325	31	38	2.4%	2.9%
20	General and operations managers	1,126	1,262	33	42	2.6%	3.4%
40	Advertising and promotions managers	42	48	3	3	5.8%	5.8%
51	Marketing managers	427	532	3	5	0.6%	0.9%
52	Sales managers	487	575	4	11	0.7%	2.0%
60	Public relations and fundraising managers	123	113	5	5	4.5%	4.5%
101	Administrative services managers	67	82	5	6	6.5%	7.9%
102	Facilities managers	134	151	6	6	3.8%	3.9%
110	Computer and information systems managers	645	790	20	21	2.5%	2.7%
120	Financial managers	1,241	1,396	41	47	2.9%	3.4%
135	Compensation and benefits managers	16	16	0	0	0.0%	0.0%
136	Human resources managers	290	335	7	9	2.1%	2.6%
137	Training and development managers	58	58	4	4	6.3%	6.3%
140	Industrial production managers	249	261	5	6	1.8%	2.3%
150	Purchasing managers	203	237	14	14	5.7%	5.9%
160	Transportation, storage, and distribution managers	297	364	20	24	5.6%	6.7%
205	Farmers, ranchers, and other agricultural managers	155	133	3	4	1.9%	3.4%
220	Construction managers	632	721	44	45	6.1%	6.3%
230	Education and childcare administrators	929	1,029	158	175	15.4%	17.0%
300	Architectural and engineering managers	157	175	7	8	4.1%	4.4%
310	Food service managers	693	822	9	11	1.1%	1.3%
335	Entertainment and recreation managers	66	68	4	4	5.2%	5.2%
340	Lodging managers	108	119	0	0	0.3%	0.3%
350	Medical and health services managers	746	810	39	54	4.9%	6.7%
360	Natural sciences managers	32	38	3	3	6.9%	6.9%
410	Property, real estate, and community association managers	452	545	14	17	2.6%	3.1%
420	Social and community service managers	462	455	17	17	3.7%	3.7%
425	Emergency management directors	11	13	1	1	7.9%	7.9%
440	Managers, all other	3,697	4,143	183	237	4.4%	5.7%
500	Agents and business managers of artists, performers, and athletes	28	33	0	0	0.0%	1.2%
510	Buyers and purchasing agents, farm products	9	10	0	0	4.5%	4.5%
520	Wholesale and retail buyers, except farm products	147	184	9	9	4.8%	4.8%
530	Purchasing agents, except wholesale, retail, and farm products	257	296	6	12	2.0%	4.2%
540	Claims adjusters, appraisers, examiners, and investigators	305	375	18	19	4.8%	5.1%
565	Compliance officers	294	329	39	45	11.8%	13.8%
600	Cost estimators	129	146	5	5	3.4%	3.4%
630	Human resources workers	784	952	41	52	4.3%	5.5%
640	Compensation, benefits, and job analysis specialists	56	69	3	6	4.6%	9.3%
650	Training and development specialists	136	149	8	12	5.2%	7.8%
700	Logisticians	153	190	11	11	6.0%	6.0%
705	Project management specialists	780	906	26	33	2.9%	3.6%
710	Management analysts	687	772	15	22	2.0%	2.9%
725	Meeting, convention, and event planners	105	136	4	7	3.1%	4.8%
726	Fundraisers	99	103	0	0	0.0%	0.0%
735	Market research analysts and marketing specialists	384	463	7	8	1.6%	1.8%
750	Business operations specialists, all other	448	514	22	27	4.2%	5.2%
800	Accountants and auditors	1,281	1,518	65	77	4.3%	5.1%
810	Property appraisers and assessors	54	60	6	6	9.9%	9.9%
820	Budget analysts	37	37	5	9	13.0%	23.4%
830	Credit analysts	44	49	0	0	0.4%	0.4%
845	Financial and investment analysts	269	361	8	12	2.2%	3.4%
850	Personal financial advisors	379	436	6	6	1.3%	1.3%
860	Insurance underwriters	85	101	3	3	3.5%	3.5%
900	Financial examiners	17	19	4	4	19.8%	19.8%
910	Credit counselors and loan officers	291	317	2	2	0.6%	0.6%
930	Tax examiners and collectors, and revenue agents	68	78	31	32	39.4%	41.0%
940	Tax preparers	77	85	2	2	2.0%	2.0%
960	Other financial specialists	107	125	6	8	5.1%	6.5%
	PROFESSIONAL AND RELATED OCCUPATIONS	36,526	41,771	5,770	6,533	13.8%	15.6%
1005	Computer and information research scientists	31	41	1	1	3.2%	3.2%
1006	Computer systems analysts	411	498	24	28	4.7%	5.7%
1007	Information security analysts	169	213	0	1	0.1%	0.4%
1010	Computer programmers	308	390	11	17	2.8%	4.4%
1021	Software developers	1,669	2,160	46	58	2.1%	2.7%
1022	Software quality assurance analysts and testers	64	74	3	3	3.8%	3.8%
1031	Web developers	59	71	1	1	1.0%	1.7%
1032	Web and digital interface designers	48	63	3	4	4.3%	6.8%
1050	Computer support specialists	534	651	25	28	3.9%	4.4%
1065	Database administrators and architects	101	112	6	6	5.7%	5.7%
1105	Network and computer systems administrators	172	205	11	12	5.3%	5.9%
1106	Computer network architects	84	100	4	4	4.2%	4.3%
1108	Computer occupations, all other	927	1,159	58	76	5.0%	6.5%
1200	Actuaries	34	45	1	1	3.2%	3.2%
1220	Operations research analysts	143	144	21	27	14.3%	19.1%
1240	Other mathematical science occupations	372	439	27	30	6.1%	6.8%
1305	Architects, except landscape and naval	143	170	0	2	0.2%	1.0%
1306	Landscape architects	21	24	0	0	0.9%	0.9%
1310	Surveyors, cartographers, and photogrammetrists	45	39	3	3	6.5%	6.5%
1320	Aerospace engineers	149	184	20	22	10.7%	12.1%
1340	Bioengineers and biomedical engineers	30	35	1	4	2.6%	11.0%
1350	Chemical engineers	71	87	1	3	1.5%	3.1%
1360	Civil engineers	436	496	36	44	7.3%	8.8%
1400	Computer hardware engineers	52	68	0	0	0.0%	0.0%
1410	Electrical and electronics engineers	212	253	11	14	4.3%	5.5%
1420	Environmental engineers	27	31	4	4	13.3%	13.3%
1430	Industrial engineers, including health and safety	237	286	6	8	2.0%	2.7%
1440	Marine engineers and naval architects	10	12	2	2	17.6%	17.6%
1450	Materials engineers	45	56	2	2	2.9%	2.9%
1460	Mechanical engineers	346	431	9	14	2.2%	3.3%
1520	Petroleum engineers	22	19	0	0	0.0%	0.0%
1530	Engineers, all other	555	645	37	50	5.8%	7.8%
1541	Architectural and civil drafters	23	26	0	0	0.6%	0.6%
1545	Other drafters	85	82	2	2	2.3%	2.8%
1551	Electrical and electronic engineering technologists and technicians	88	103	24	26	23.1%	24.9%
1555	Other engineering technologists and technicians, except drafters	328	377	40	48	10.7%	12.6%
1560	Surveying and mapping technicians	78	88	10	10	11.4%	11.4%
1600	Agricultural and food scientists	25	24	0	0	0.0%	0.0%
1610	Biological scientists	123	111	12	14	10.5%	13.0%
1640	Conservation scientists and foresters	38	31	2	3	7.3%	8.7%
1650	Medical scientists	125	151	10	12	6.8%	7.9%
1700	Astronomers and physicists	27	27	2	2	6.1%	6.1%
1710	Atmospheric and space scientists	13	15	3	3	17.1%	17.1%
1720	Chemists and materials scientists	85	95	6	6	6.0%	6.0%
1745	Environmental scientists and specialists, including health	44	51	11	13	22.3%	26.3%
1750	Geoscientists and hydrologists, except geographers	36	33	1	1	3.8%	3.8%
1760	Physical scientists, all other	364	437	27	32	6.1%	7.2%
1800	Economists	47	25	3	3	10.6%	13.7%
1821	Clinical and counseling psychologists	11	10	2	2	17.1%	17.1%
1822	School psychologists	46	55	28	30	51.5%	55.4%
1825	Other psychologists	79	90	16	17	18.1%	18.4%
1840	Urban and regional planners	37	37	1	1	3.7%	3.7%
1860	Miscellaneous social scientists and related workers	71	59	5	5	8.5%	8.5%
1900	Agricultural and food science technicians	36	36	4	4	11.9%	11.9%
1910	Biological technicians	29	30	5	6	17.5%	20.2%
1920	Chemical technicians	53	63	10	12	16.8%	20.0%
1935	Environmental science and geoscience technicians	25	27	4	5	13.6%	20.0%
1970	Other life, physical, and social science technicians	268	301	20	24	6.5%	8.0%
1980	Occupational health and safety specialists and technicians	65	65	16	16	24.0%	24.7%
2001	Substance abuse and behavioral disorder counselors	119	125	5	7	4.3%	5.9%
2002	Educational, guidance, and career counselors and advisors	340	389	100	118	25.8%	30.5%
2003	Marriage and family therapists	20	21	3	3	16.5%	16.5%
2004	Mental health counselors	134	167	8	9	4.8%	5.6%
2005	Rehabilitation counselors	17	18	4	4	22.6%	22.6%
2006	Counselors, all other	188	225	22	22	9.8%	9.8%
2011	Child, family, and school social workers	59	65	22	22	33.2%	33.2%
2012	Healthcare social workers	67	73	11	12	14.7%	16.4%
2013	Mental health and substance abuse social workers	14	13	2	2	11.5%	11.5%
2014	Social workers, all other	620	713	153	166	21.5%	23.3%
2015	Probation officers and correctional treatment specialists	71	79	29	32	36.3%	40.7%
2016	Social and human service assistants	231	241	19	27	8.0%	11.1%
2025	Other community and social service specialists	95	96	7	8	7.3%	8.1%
2040	Clergy	360	368	6	7	1.5%	2.0%
2050	Directors, religious activities and education	69	83	0	0	0.2%	0.2%
2060	Religious workers, all other	62	67	0	0	0.0%	0.0%
2100	Lawyers	971	1,004	54	67	5.4%	6.7%
2105	Judicial law clerks	19	16	1	2	4.1%	12.7%
2145	Paralegals and legal assistants	334	410	21	28	5.2%	6.9%
2170	Title examiners, abstractors, and searchers	82	89	4	6	5.0%	7.1%
2180	Legal support workers, all other	77	74	1	2	1.2%	2.7%
2205	Postsecondary teachers	951	1,001	207	243	20.7%	24.3%
2300	Preschool and kindergarten teachers	561	647	86	97	13.4%	15.0%
2310	Elementary and middle school teachers	3,030	3,414	1,520	1,685	44.5%	49.4%
2320	Secondary school teachers	881	934	478	529	51.2%	56.7%
2330	Special education teachers	315	350	186	200	53.2%	57.4%
2350	Tutors	101	130	3	5	2.1%	4.0%
2360	Other teachers and instructors	721	795	79	94	9.9%	11.8%
2400	Archivists, curators, and museum technicians	76	72	5	5	6.9%	6.9%
2435	Librarians and media collections specialists	154	147	39	45	27.0%	30.7%
2440	Library technicians	30	31	5	5	16.3%	16.3%
2545	Teaching assistants	1,315	1,496	358	402	23.9%	26.9%
2555	Other educational instruction and library workers	167	182	34	40	18.6%	22.1%
2600	Artists and related workers	90	110	10	10	8.7%	8.7%
2631	Commercial and industrial designers	11	13	0	0	0.0%	0.0%
2632	Fashion designers	23	34	1	1	2.5%	2.5%
2633	Floral designers	47	50	6	6	11.7%	11.7%
2634	Graphic designers	220	272	9	9	3.4%	3.4%
2635	Interior designers	50	60	0	0	0.0%	0.0%
2636	Merchandise displayers and window trimmers	18	23	0	0	0.0%	0.0%
2640	Other designers	243	304	13	15	4.4%	5.0%
2700	Actors	21	27	11	11	41.5%	41.5%
2710	Producers and directors	118	137	13	13	9.7%	9.7%
2721	Athletes and sports competitors	28	35	9	9	24.8%	24.8%
2722	Coaches and scouts	192	227	4	6	1.9%	2.6%
2723	Umpires, referees, and other sports officials	12	12	0	0	3.7%	3.7%
2740	Dancers and choreographers	5	8	0	0	0.0%	0.0%
2751	Music directors and composers	24	28	0	0	0.0%	0.5%
2752	Musicians and singers	53	71	14	14	20.2%	20.2%
2755	Disc jockeys, except radio	9	14	5	5	39.6%	39.6%
2770	Entertainers and performers, sports and related workers, all other	6	11	0	0	0.0%	0.0%
2805	Broadcast announcers and radio disc jockeys	22	23	0	0	0.5%	0.5%
2810	News analysts, reporters, and journalists	55	58	11	11	18.6%	18.6%
2825	Public relations specialists	135	132	14	14	10.7%	11.0%
2830	Editors	91	97	3	3	3.5%	3.5%
2840	Technical writers	39	48	1	1	2.6%	2.6%
2850	Writers and authors	112	118	9	13	7.7%	11.3%
2861	Interpreters and translators	57	75	12	16	16.1%	20.9%
2862	Court reporters and simultaneous captioners	15	14	3	3	25.1%	25.1%
2865	Media and communication workers, all other	17	24	3	3	12.5%	12.5%
2905	Broadcast, sound, and lighting technicians	82	101	13	15	12.8%	15.2%
2910	Photographers	64	84	15	15	17.6%	18.3%
2920	Television, video, and film camera operators and editors	81	107	9	11	8.8%	10.0%
3000	Chiropractors	20	20	0	0	0.0%	0.0%
3010	Dentists	69	81	4	4	5.5%	5.5%
3030	Dietitians and nutritionists	95	112	17	19	15.5%	16.8%
3040	Optometrists	27	25	2	2	7.1%	7.1%
3050	Pharmacists	318	377	17	21	4.6%	5.6%
3090	Other physicians	735	832	52	66	6.3%	7.9%
3100	Surgeons	56	57	4	6	7.1%	10.0%
3110	Physician assistants	144	164	13	14	7.9%	8.8%
3120	Podiatrists	4	4	0	0	0.0%	0.0%
3140	Audiologists	17	17	3	4	15.6%	24.3%
3150	Occupational therapists	143	151	25	28	16.6%	18.3%
3160	Physical therapists	268	292	20	21	6.9%	7.3%
3200	Radiation therapists	15	16	0	0	2.3%	2.3%
3210	Recreational therapists	17	14	0	2	1.9%	12.0%
3220	Respiratory therapists	82	90	14	14	15.7%	15.7%
3230	Speech-language pathologists	164	180	50	56	27.9%	31.3%
3245	Therapists, all other	207	241	19	21	8.0%	8.6%
3250	Veterinarians	62	67	0	2	0.0%	2.5%
3255	Registered nurses	3,020	3,383	534	596	15.8%	17.6%
3256	Nurse anesthetists	21	19	1	1	7.4%	7.4%
3258	Nurse practitioners	245	261	26	28	9.8%	10.6%
3261	Acupuncturists	7	8	0	0	0.0%	0.0%
3270	Healthcare diagnosing or treating practitioners, all other	5	6	0	0	0.0%	0.0%
3300	Clinical laboratory technologists and technicians	260	286	32	38	11.1%	13.1%
3310	Dental hygienists	202	208	8	8	3.9%	3.9%
3321	Cardiovascular technologists and technicians	41	42	2	2	4.7%	4.7%
3322	Diagnostic medical sonographers	93	101	9	14	9.0%	14.3%
3323	Radiologic technologists and technicians	224	239	26	26	10.7%	11.0%
3324	Magnetic resonance imaging technologists	43	47	5	7	11.6%	14.6%
3330	Nuclear medicine technologists and medical dosimetrists	36	40	3	4	6.5%	9.4%
3401	Emergency medical technicians	121	152	27	29	17.9%	19.0%
3402	Paramedics	94	108	22	24	20.0%	22.6%
3421	Pharmacy technicians	271	319	29	33	9.1%	10.5%
3422	Psychiatric technicians	87	117	9	9	7.5%	8.0%
3423	Surgical technologists	94	102	8	8	8.0%	8.0%
3424	Veterinary technologists and technicians	112	129	6	6	4.3%	4.3%
3430	Dietetic technicians and ophthalmic medical technicians	72	68	4	4	6.6%	6.6%
3500	Licensed practical and licensed vocational nurses	503	584	62	67	10.6%	11.5%
3515	Medical records specialists	194	202	14	15	6.8%	7.5%
3520	Opticians, dispensing	52	50	1	1	1.7%	1.7%
3545	Miscellaneous health technologists and technicians	125	141	13	13	9.5%	9.5%
3550	Other healthcare practitioners and technical occupations	79	94	16	19	16.5%	19.6%
3601	Home health aides	407	551	65	69	11.8%	12.6%
3602	Personal care aides	1,207	1,400	106	123	7.5%	8.8%
3603	Nursing assistants	1,049	1,189	102	123	8.6%	10.3%
3605	Orderlies and psychiatric aides	57	71	10	14	14.1%	19.7%
3610	Occupational therapy assistants and aides	26	31	2	2	5.1%	5.1%
3620	Physical therapist assistants and aides	93	106	4	5	3.5%	4.8%
3630	Massage therapists	66	71	0	0	0.5%	0.5%
3640	Dental assistants	254	286	8	8	2.8%	3.0%
3645	Medical assistants	484	574	23	25	4.1%	4.4%
3646	Medical transcriptionists	37	40	0	0	0.0%	0.0%
3647	Pharmacy aides	30	35	1	3	3.8%	8.7%
3648	Veterinary assistants and laboratory animal caretakers	68	82	1	1	1.6%	1.6%
3649	Phlebotomists	127	155	18	21	11.3%	13.6%
3655	Other healthcare support workers	210	235	28	32	12.1%	13.7%
	SERVICE OCCUPATIONS	15,776	18,788	1,794	1,982	9.5%	10.6%
3700	First-line supervisors of correctional officers	47	59	20	20	33.3%	33.3%
3710	First-line supervisors of police and detectives	84	95	34	34	36.1%	36.1%
3720	First-line supervisors of firefighting and prevention workers	41	47	33	33	70.1%	70.1%
3725	First-line supervisors of security workers	67	74	6	8	8.6%	11.1%
3740	Firefighters	262	305	190	193	62.2%	63.3%
3750	Fire inspectors	24	21	4	5	20.5%	21.5%
3801	Bailiffs	16	16	8	9	47.0%	54.4%
3802	Correctional officers and jailers	261	304	139	150	45.7%	49.2%
3820	Detectives and criminal investigators	112	138	52	59	37.4%	42.5%
3840	Parking enforcement workers	16	13	4	4	32.6%	32.6%
3870	Police officers	593	725	359	390	49.5%	53.8%
3900	Animal control workers	10	12	4	4	29.4%	29.4%
3910	Private detectives and investigators	86	101	5	5	4.8%	4.8%
3930	Security guards and gambling surveillance officers	706	893	99	111	11.0%	12.5%
3940	Crossing guards and flaggers	51	54	10	10	18.5%	18.5%
3945	Transportation security screeners	47	49	8	10	16.9%	19.5%
3946	School bus monitors	22	29	6	7	21.2%	25.5%
3960	Other protective service workers	131	149	7	8	4.6%	5.6%
4000	Chefs and head cooks	378	446	14	15	3.1%	3.3%
4010	First-line supervisors of food preparation and serving workers	424	528	20	22	3.8%	4.3%
4020	Cooks	1,582	1,897	70	74	3.7%	3.9%
4030	Food preparation workers	808	946	44	53	4.6%	5.6%
4040	Bartenders	346	391	17	17	4.5%	4.5%
4055	Fast food and counter workers	733	919	22	23	2.3%	2.5%
4110	Waiters and waitresses	1,454	1,823	30	33	1.6%	1.8%
4120	Food servers, nonrestaurant	179	199	19	21	9.5%	10.6%
4130	Dining room and cafeteria attendants and bartender helpers	263	329	19	22	5.7%	6.8%
4140	Dishwashers	236	276	3	3	1.0%	1.1%
4150	Hosts and hostesses, restaurant, lounge, and coffee shop	267	319	4	4	1.1%	1.2%
4160	Food preparation and serving related workers, all other	7	9	0	0	0.0%	0.0%
4200	First-line supervisors of housekeeping and janitorial workers	176	195	23	28	11.9%	14.6%
4210	First-line supervisors of landscaping, lawn service, and groundskeeping workers	91	99	3	6	3.2%	5.5%
4220	Janitors and building cleaners	1,790	2,022	237	277	11.7%	13.7%
4230	Maids and housekeeping cleaners	1,097	1,249	90	104	7.2%	8.3%
4240	Pest control workers	72	91	3	3	2.9%	2.9%
4251	Landscaping and groundskeeping workers	733	861	50	56	5.8%	6.5%
4252	Tree trimmers and pruners	86	97	13	13	12.9%	12.9%
4255	Other grounds maintenance workers	18	21	2	2	8.1%	8.1%
4330	Supervisors of personal care and service workers	101	111	0	0	0.0%	0.0%
4340	Animal trainers	32	46	0	0	0.0%	0.0%
4350	Animal caretakers	203	247	5	10	1.9%	4.2%
4400	Gambling services workers	70	82	11	12	13.5%	14.6%
4420	Ushers, lobby attendants, and ticket takers	22	32	3	3	9.4%	9.4%
4435	Other entertainment attendants and related workers	196	218	11	15	5.2%	6.6%
4461	Embalmers, crematory operators and funeral attendants	20	18	0	0	0.0%	0.0%
4465	Morticians, undertakers, and funeral arrangers	29	34	0	0	0.0%	0.0%
4500	Barbers	62	83	2	2	2.0%	2.0%
4510	Hairdressers, hairstylists, and cosmetologists	290	357	3	3	0.9%	0.9%
4521	Manicurists and pedicurists	185	253	0	1	0.0%	0.6%
4522	Skincare specialists	64	81	0	0	0.0%	0.0%
4525	Other personal appearance workers	13	17	0	0	0.0%	0.0%
4530	Baggage porters, bellhops, and concierges	59	82	21	21	26.2%	26.2%
4540	Tour and travel guides	50	51	0	0	0.9%	0.9%
4600	Childcare workers	647	772	54	62	7.0%	8.0%
4621	Exercise trainers and group fitness instructors	142	175	4	4	2.1%	2.1%
4622	Recreation workers	152	183	7	7	3.6%	4.1%
4640	Residential advisors	29	34	3	3	9.4%	9.4%
4655	Personal care and service workers, all other	94	111	3	3	3.1%	3.1%
	SALES AND RELATED OCCUPATIONS	10,539	12,247	357	438	2.9%	3.6%
4700	First-Line supervisors of retail sales workers	2,149	2,439	74	83	3.0%	3.4%
4710	First-Line supervisors of non-retail sales workers	849	960	29	33	3.0%	3.4%
4720	Cashiers	2,224	2,629	115	127	4.4%	4.8%
4740	Counter and rental clerks	66	74	4	5	5.1%	6.1%
4750	Parts salespersons	99	98	3	3	2.9%	2.9%
4760	Retail salespersons	2,160	2,517	50	73	2.0%	2.9%
4800	Advertising sales agents	86	110	2	2	1.6%	1.6%
4810	Insurance sales agents	417	472	7	16	1.5%	3.4%
4820	Securities, commodities, and financial services sales agents	154	195	1	4	0.6%	2.0%
4830	Travel agents	46	59	4	4	6.7%	6.7%
4840	Sales representatives of services, except advertising, insurance, financial services, and travel	508	620	10	12	1.5%	2.0%
4850	Sales representatives, wholesale and manufacturing	903	1,063	17	25	1.6%	2.3%
4900	Models, demonstrators, and product promoters	29	27	2	2	7.0%	7.0%
4920	Real estate brokers and sales agents	473	539	23	33	4.4%	6.1%
4930	Sales engineers	41	51	0	0	0.0%	0.0%
4940	Telemarketers	24	38	3	5	9.0%	12.5%
4950	Door-to-door sales workers, news and street vendors, and related workers	38	47	1	1	2.9%	2.9%
4965	Sales and related workers, all other	273	308	11	11	3.6%	3.6%
	OFFICE AND ADMINISTRATIVE SUPPORT OCCUPATIONS	13,722	15,493	1,371	1,533	8.9%	9.9%
5000	First-Line supervisors of office and administrative support workers	1,023	1,130	64	73	5.7%	6.4%
5010	Switchboard operators, including answering service	18	20	0	0	1.7%	1.7%
5020	Telephone operators	13	15	0	2	2.7%	11.4%
5040	Communications equipment operators, all other	1	1	0	0	0.0%	0.0%
5100	Bill and account collectors	71	86	2	2	2.1%	2.1%
5110	Billing and posting clerks	410	439	26	29	5.9%	6.5%
5120	Bookkeeping, accounting, and auditing clerks	1,061	1,074	39	50	3.6%	4.6%
5140	Payroll and timekeeping clerks	123	130	11	13	8.3%	9.7%
5150	Procurement clerks	31	43	1	1	3.4%	3.4%
5160	Tellers	190	196	1	5	0.7%	2.5%
5165	Financial clerks, all other	128	159	5	6	3.4%	3.9%
5220	Court, municipal, and license clerks	88	88	18	18	20.6%	20.6%
5230	Credit authorizers, checkers, and clerks	34	28	0	0	1.1%	1.1%
5240	Customer service representatives	2,346	2,810	129	146	4.6%	5.2%
5250	Eligibility interviewers, government programs	79	98	39	44	40.2%	45.1%
5260	File clerks	106	121	9	9	7.3%	7.3%
5300	Hotel, motel, and resort desk clerks	109	130	10	11	7.9%	8.5%
5310	Interviewers, except eligibility and loan	181	209	16	17	7.6%	8.4%
5320	Library assistants, clerical	77	86	10	12	11.3%	13.4%
5330	Loan interviewers and clerks	114	136	2	2	1.4%	1.4%
5340	New accounts clerks	16	19	0	2	0.0%	10.2%
5350	Order clerks	74	86	3	3	3.5%	4.1%
5360	Human resources assistants, except payroll and timekeeping	66	75	1	2	1.5%	2.9%
5400	Receptionists and information clerks	1,053	1,205	45	55	3.7%	4.6%
5410	Reservation and transportation ticket agents and travel clerks	109	132	32	36	23.8%	26.8%
5420	Information and record clerks, all other	85	100	12	12	12.3%	12.3%
5500	Cargo and freight agents	22	25	3	3	11.3%	11.3%
5510	Couriers and messengers	619	795	109	118	13.7%	14.8%
5521	Public safety telecommunicators	69	71	17	21	23.5%	29.5%
5522	Dispatchers, except police, fire, and ambulance	145	165	17	18	10.3%	11.0%
5530	Meter readers, utilities	21	20	8	8	41.6%	41.6%
5540	Postal service clerks	93	110	60	68	54.6%	61.2%
5550	Postal service mail carriers	268	295	200	214	67.5%	72.6%
5560	Postal service mail sorters, processors, and processing machine operators	57	67	38	40	56.4%	59.7%
5600	Production, planning, and expediting clerks	190	210	14	18	6.5%	8.6%
5610	Shipping, receiving, and inventory clerks	506	622	46	53	7.4%	8.6%
5630	Weighers, measurers, checkers, and samplers, recordkeeping	59	69	3	3	4.8%	4.8%
5710	Executive secretaries and executive administrative assistants	179	197	11	13	5.6%	6.6%
5720	Legal secretaries and administrative assistants	47	51	1	1	2.7%	2.7%
5730	Medical secretaries and administrative assistants	94	95	9	10	9.5%	10.6%
5740	Secretaries and administrative assistants, except legal, medical, and executive	1,686	1,756	154	170	8.8%	9.7%
5810	Data entry keyers	200	232	9	12	3.7%	5.1%
5820	Word processors and typists	39	45	4	4	9.4%	9.4%
5840	Insurance claims and policy processing clerks	246	278	7	12	2.5%	4.3%
5850	Mail clerks and mail machine operators, except postal service	46	44	3	3	6.2%	6.2%
5860	Office clerks, general	1,097	1,257	141	152	11.2%	12.1%
5900	Office machine operators, except computer	24	26	0	0	0.0%	0.0%
5910	Proofreaders and copy markers	7	6	0	0	2.8%	2.8%
5920	Statistical assistants	13	14	1	1	9.3%	9.3%
5940	Office and administrative support workers, all other	389	427	39	40	9.1%	9.3%
	FARMING, FISHING, AND FORESTRY OCCUPATIONS	880	877	39	42	4.5%	4.8%
6005	First-line supervisors of farming, fishing, and forestry workers	59	64	4	4	5.9%	5.9%
6010	Agricultural inspectors	23	24	9	9	37.8%	37.8%
6040	Graders and sorters, agricultural products	39	46	0	0	0.0%	0.0%
6050	Miscellaneous agricultural workers	690	670	19	22	2.9%	3.3%
6115	Fishing and hunting workers	13	12	0	0	0.0%	0.0%
6120	Forest and conservation workers	19	21	4	4	20.9%	20.9%
6130	Logging workers	37	39	3	3	7.3%	7.3%
	CONSTRUCTION AND EXTRACTION OCCUPATIONS	6,005	6,915	1,123	1,194	16.2%	17.3%
6200	First-line supervisors of construction trades and extraction workers	518	556	100	106	18.0%	19.1%
6210	Boilermakers	17	16	6	6	33.8%	33.8%
6220	Brickmasons, blockmasons, and stonemasons	81	90	16	16	17.3%	17.5%
6230	Carpenters	822	1,001	138	146	13.8%	14.6%
6240	Carpet, floor, and tile installers and finishers	57	69	5	5	6.8%	6.8%
6250	Cement masons, concrete finishers, and terrazzo workers	47	51	11	11	21.1%	21.1%
6260	Construction laborers	1,419	1,722	178	193	10.4%	11.2%
6305	Construction equipment operators	376	359	64	70	17.8%	19.6%
6330	Drywall installers, ceiling tile installers, and tapers	88	102	4	4	3.8%	3.8%
6355	Electricians	765	835	239	251	28.6%	30.1%
6360	Glaziers	27	30	7	7	25.0%	25.0%
6400	Insulation workers	51	64	11	14	18.1%	22.4%
6410	Painters and paperhangers	326	435	23	25	5.4%	5.8%
6441	Pipelayers	41	46	1	1	3.0%	3.0%
6442	Plumbers, pipefitters, and steamfitters	470	565	126	131	22.3%	23.1%
6460	Plasterers and stucco masons	18	22	4	4	16.9%	16.9%
6515	Roofers	156	195	12	12	6.1%	6.3%
6520	Sheet metal workers	100	114	40	42	34.7%	37.1%
6530	Structural iron and steel workers	34	40	17	17	41.5%	41.5%
6540	Solar photovoltaic installers	14	15	0	0	0.0%	0.0%
6600	Helpers, construction trades	45	59	2	2	3.2%	3.2%
6660	Construction and building inspectors	78	91	19	24	21.2%	26.9%
6700	Elevator and escalator installers and repairers	29	40	30	30	75.0%	75.0%
6710	Fence erectors	29	30	3	3	8.5%	8.5%
6720	Hazardous materials removal workers	18	21	4	4	21.1%	21.1%
6730	Highway maintenance workers	103	102	32	34	31.4%	33.0%
6740	Rail-track laying and maintenance equipment operators	16	22	11	13	48.5%	60.6%
6765	Miscellaneous construction and related workers	50	61	8	9	12.9%	14.2%
6800	Derrick, rotary drill, and service unit operators, oil and gas	31	29	0	0	0.0%	0.0%
6825	Earth drillers, except oil and gas	35	31	3	3	11.1%	11.1%
6835	Explosives workers, ordnance handling experts, and blasters	12	7	1	2	20.8%	31.2%
6850	Underground mining machine operators	65	43	5	5	12.5%	12.5%
6950	Other extraction workers	67	51	2	2	3.2%	3.2%
	INSTALLATION, MAINTENANCE, AND REPAIR OCCUPATIONS	3,936	4,338	575	626	13.3%	14.4%
7000	First-line supervisors of mechanics, installers, and repairers	226	229	20	20	8.7%	8.9%
7010	Computer, automated teller, and office machine repairers	98	115	10	13	8.6%	11.4%
7020	Radio and telecommunications equipment installers and repairers	94	96	15	15	15.3%	15.3%
7030	Avionics technicians	10	10	2	2	21.4%	21.4%
7040	Electric motor, power tool, and related repairers	20	21	6	7	28.7%	31.8%
7100	Electrical and electronics repairers, industrial and utility	12	10	2	2	18.5%	18.5%
7120	Audiovisual equipment installers and repairers	21	20	4	4	18.3%	18.3%
7130	Security and fire alarm systems installers	40	41	4	4	10.4%	10.4%
7140	Aircraft mechanics and service technicians	117	117	39	39	33.8%	33.8%
7150	Automotive body and related repairers	100	114	1	5	1.3%	4.2%
7160	Automotive glass installers and repairers	19	21	0	0	0.0%	0.0%
7200	Automotive service technicians and mechanics	670	787	36	46	4.6%	5.8%
7210	Bus and truck mechanics and diesel engine specialists	276	297	47	50	15.8%	16.9%
7220	Heavy vehicle and mobile equipment service technicians and mechanics	210	199	32	33	16.0%	16.7%
7240	Small engine mechanics	38	30	1	1	3.3%	3.3%
7260	Miscellaneous vehicle and mobile equipment mechanics, installers, and repairers	74	84	2	2	2.2%	2.2%
7300	Control and valve installers and repairers	17	19	1	3	7.7%	16.0%
7315	Heating, air conditioning, and refrigeration mechanics and installers	389	477	74	80	15.6%	16.8%
7320	Home appliance repairers	25	29	1	1	2.1%	2.1%
7330	Industrial and refractory machinery mechanics	377	406	59	69	14.5%	17.0%
7340	Maintenance and repair workers, general	556	616	95	101	15.4%	16.5%
7350	Maintenance workers, machinery	24	23	2	2	8.8%	8.8%
7360	Millwrights	31	35	16	16	46.0%	46.0%
7410	Electrical power-line installers and repairers	126	126	45	46	36.0%	36.9%
7420	Telecommunications line installers and repairers	126	145	37	38	25.9%	26.3%
7430	Precision instrument and equipment repairers	42	38	5	5	13.4%	13.4%
7510	Coin, vending, and amusement machine servicers and repairers	26	29	1	1	3.3%	3.3%
7540	Locksmiths and safe repairers	23	25	4	4	15.2%	15.2%
7560	Riggers	12	15	6	6	42.8%	42.8%
7610	Helpers--installation, maintenance, and repair workers	14	14	0	0	0.0%	0.0%
7640	Other installation, maintenance, and repair workers	123	152	7	10	4.5%	6.9%
	PRODUCTION OCCUPATIONS	6,901	7,883	916	1,036	11.6%	13.1%
7700	First-line supervisors of production and operating workers	694	728	73	78	10.1%	10.7%
7720	Electrical, electronics, and electromechanical assemblers	105	119	8	8	6.4%	6.4%
7730	Engine and other machine assemblers	8	12	4	4	29.2%	29.2%
7740	Structural metal fabricators and fitters	14	17	8	8	46.9%	46.9%
7750	Other assemblers and fabricators	864	1,024	138	158	13.4%	15.4%
7800	Bakers	179	211	10	10	4.6%	4.6%
7810	Butchers and other meat, poultry, and fish processing workers	238	256	54	56	21.0%	21.9%
7830	Food and tobacco roasting, baking, and drying machine operators and tenders	5	4	0	0	0.0%	0.0%
7840	Food batchmakers	63	68	7	7	10.0%	10.0%
7850	Food cooking machine operators and tenders	9	10	0	0	0.0%	0.0%
7855	Food processing workers, all other	125	139	31	34	22.5%	24.3%
7905	Computer numerically controlled tool operators and programmers	91	108	10	12	9.6%	11.0%
7925	Forming machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic	26	31	4	4	13.1%	13.1%
7950	Cutting, punching, and press machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic	62	73	14	15	19.1%	20.5%
8000	Grinding, lapping, polishing, and buffing machine tool setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic	33	37	2	4	5.0%	10.4%
8025	Other machine tool setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic	6	8	1	1	7.0%	7.0%
8030	Machinists	254	292	27	27	9.2%	9.2%
8040	Metal furnace operators, tenders, pourers, and casters	12	15	4	4	28.0%	28.0%
8100	Molders and molding machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic	29	37	6	6	16.0%	16.0%
8130	Tool and die makers	27	32	7	7	22.2%	22.2%
8140	Welding, soldering, and brazing workers	471	513	71	87	13.8%	17.0%
8225	Other metal workers and plastic workers	298	358	39	44	10.9%	12.3%
8250	Prepress technicians and workers	8	10	0	0	0.0%	0.0%
8255	Printing press operators	110	133	3	6	2.4%	4.7%
8256	Print binding and finishing workers	11	12	1	1	10.9%	10.9%
8300	Laundry and dry-cleaning workers	116	126	12	12	9.7%	9.7%
8310	Pressers, textile, garment, and related materials	19	22	0	0	0.0%	0.0%
8320	Sewing machine operators	106	110	9	18	8.3%	16.7%
8335	Shoe and leather workers	6	6	0	0	0.0%	0.0%
8350	Tailors, dressmakers, and sewers	37	36	1	1	3.7%	3.7%
8365	Textile machine setters, operators, and tenders	13	18	0	0	0.0%	0.0%
8450	Upholsterers	14	17	0	0	0.0%	0.0%
8465	Other textile, apparel, and furnishings workers	8	12	0	0	0.0%	0.0%
8500	Cabinetmakers and bench carpenters	34	38	0	0	0.0%	0.0%
8510	Furniture finishers	9	8	0	0	0.0%	0.0%
8530	Sawing machine setters, operators, and tenders, wood	14	16	0	0	0.0%	0.0%
8540	Woodworking machine setters, operators, and tenders, except sawing	25	28	0	0	0.0%	0.0%
8555	Other woodworkers	17	19	0	0	0.0%	0.0%
8600	Power plant operators, distributors, and dispatchers	52	43	13	14	28.9%	32.1%
8610	Stationary engineers and boiler operators	70	74	22	22	29.7%	29.7%
8620	Water and wastewater treatment plant and system operators	91	91	16	19	17.7%	20.7%
8630	Miscellaneous plant and system operators	45	34	8	8	24.0%	24.0%
8640	Chemical processing machine setters, operators, and tenders	42	45	5	5	11.7%	11.7%
8650	Crushing, grinding, polishing, mixing, and blending workers	86	97	6	6	6.0%	6.0%
8710	Cutting workers	56	59	5	6	9.1%	10.0%
8720	Extruding, forming, pressing, and compacting machine setters, operators, and tenders	15	14	0	0	0.0%	0.0%
8730	Furnace, kiln, oven, drier, and kettle operators and tenders	10	9	4	4	47.2%	47.2%
8740	Inspectors, testers, sorters, samplers, and weighers	675	781	87	101	11.2%	12.9%
8750	Jewelers and precious stone and metal workers	30	36	0	0	0.0%	0.0%
8760	Dental and ophthalmic laboratory technicians and medical appliance technicians	57	71	0	2	0.0%	2.2%
8800	Packaging and filling machine operators and tenders	245	292	35	48	12.0%	16.5%
8810	Painting workers	110	133	14	16	10.4%	11.8%
8830	Photographic process workers and processing machine operators	19	21	0	0	0.0%	0.0%
8850	Adhesive bonding machine operators and tenders	6	10	4	4	37.8%	37.8%
8910	Etchers and engravers	4	5	2	2	32.4%	34.7%
8920	Molders, shapers, and casters, except metal and plastic	17	19	2	2	9.8%	9.8%
8930	Paper goods machine setters, operators, and tenders	11	15	2	2	12.3%	12.3%
8940	Tire builders	7	10	0	0	0.0%	0.0%
8950	Helpers--production workers	52	64	4	6	6.4%	9.0%
8990	Other production workers	1,041	1,260	144	159	11.4%	12.6%
	TRANSPORTATION AND MATERIAL MOVING OCCUPATIONS	9,178	10,826	1,435	1,552	13.3%	14.3%
9005	Supervisors of transportation and material moving workers	278	326	33	37	10.1%	11.2%
9030	Aircraft pilots and flight engineers	194	209	102	107	49.0%	51.4%
9040	Air traffic controllers and airfield operations specialists	38	39	11	13	29.0%	33.2%
9050	Flight attendants	94	113	63	64	55.9%	56.9%
9110	Ambulance drivers and attendants, except emergency medical technicians	12	13	1	2	10.0%	16.0%
9121	Bus drivers, school	222	228	63	68	27.5%	29.7%
9122	Bus drivers, transit and intercity	236	280	113	115	40.3%	41.0%
9130	Driver/sales workers and truck drivers	2,685	3,049	293	320	9.6%	10.5%
9141	Shuttle drivers and chauffeurs	56	61	7	8	11.5%	12.6%
9142	Taxi drivers	217	287	30	35	10.5%	12.3%
9150	Motor vehicle operators, all other	139	164	13	15	8.2%	9.3%
9210	Locomotive engineers and operators	53	48	37	37	78.1%	78.1%
9240	Railroad conductors and yardmasters	50	52	37	40	71.3%	76.3%
9265	Other rail transportation workers	19	27	17	17	64.1%	64.1%
9300	Sailors and marine oilers	21	20	2	2	9.1%	11.4%
9310	Ship and boat captains and operators	34	29	5	5	15.5%	15.5%
9350	Parking attendants	45	61	7	11	11.9%	18.3%
9365	Transportation service attendants	77	83	3	6	4.2%	7.3%
9410	Transportation inspectors	30	37	8	8	22.8%	22.8%
9415	Passenger attendants	28	34	12	12	34.7%	36.3%
9430	Other transportation workers	30	32	15	15	47.6%	47.6%
9510	Crane and tower operators	55	56	28	29	49.6%	51.7%
9570	Conveyor, dredge, and hoist and winch operators	25	21	3	3	14.7%	14.7%
9600	Industrial truck and tractor operators	476	606	68	74	11.3%	12.1%
9610	Cleaners of vehicles and equipment	289	394	18	22	4.5%	5.6%
9620	Laborers and freight, stock, and material movers, hand	1,710	2,041	248	272	12.2%	13.3%
9630	Machine feeders and offbearers	25	31	1	1	3.8%	3.8%
9640	Packers and packagers, hand	503	684	69	77	10.0%	11.3%
9645	Stockers and order fillers	1,386	1,632	97	106	5.9%	6.5%
9650	Pumping station operators	22	18	3	3	14.2%	14.2%
9720	Refuse and recyclable material collectors	77	99	14	14	14.4%	14.4%
9760	Other material moving workers	52	51	13	13	24.7%	24.7%
Copyright 2025 by Barry T. Hirsch, David A. Macpherson, and William E. Even.  The use of this data requires citation.