Union Membership, Coverage, Density and Employment by Industry: 2024
CIC	Industry	Obs	Employment (in 1000s)	Members (in 1000s)	Covered (in 1000s)	% Mem	% Cov
	AGRICULTURE, FORESTRY, FISHING, & HUNTING	1,373	1,341	28	33	2.1%	2.4%
170	Crop production	716	774	12	13	1.5%	1.7%
180	Animal production	426	359	4	4	1.2%	1.2%
190	Forestry except logging	54	42	3	6	8.2%	14.4%
270	Logging	58	50	2	2	3.8%	3.8%
280	Fishing, hunting, and trapping	16	8	0	1	2.9%	6.3%
290	Support activities for agriculture and forestry	103	108	7	7	6.2%	6.5%
	MINING	737	542	37	42	6.8%	7.7%
370	Oil and gas extraction	82	68	7	7	9.6%	9.6%
380	Coal mining	86	26	2	2	6.9%	8.0%
390	Metal ore mining	44	32	5	5	14.4%	16.3%
470	Nonmetallic mineral mining and quarrying	113	93	14	14	15.0%	15.3%
490	Support activities for mining	412	323	10	14	3.1%	4.3%
	UTILITIES	9,357	10,733	1,318	1,436	12.3%	13.4%
570	Electric power generation, transmission and distribution	788	796	162	174	20.3%	21.9%
580	Natural gas distribution	159	169	37	41	21.7%	24.4%
590	Electric and gas, and other combinations	116	135	30	34	22.2%	25.3%
670	Water, steam, air conditioning, and irrigation systems	225	236	40	46	17.1%	19.4%
680	Sewage treatment facilities	93	104	32	32	31.0%	31.0%
690	Not specified utilities	26	26	2	2	6.5%	6.5%
770	CONSTRUCTION	7,950	9,267	1,015	1,107	11.0%	11.9%
	NONDURABLE GOODS MANUFACTURING	4,447	5,135	411	462	8.0%	9.0%
1070	Animal food, grain, and oilseed milling	128	135	13	20	9.5%	15.0%
1080	Sugar and confectionery products	67	69	6	9	8.8%	12.7%
1090	Fruit and vegetable preserving and specialty food manufacturing	131	139	12	13	9.0%	9.3%
1170	Dairy product manufacturing	149	152	20	22	13.4%	14.7%
1180	Animal slaughtering and processing	469	456	59	62	13.0%	13.5%
1190	Retail bakeries	176	217	12	12	5.4%	5.4%
1270	Bakeries and tortilla manufacturing, except retail	124	146	8	10	5.2%	6.5%
1280	Seafood and other miscellaneous foods, n.e.c.	194	215	20	20	9.2%	9.2%
1290	Not specified food industries	69	84	16	16	18.7%	18.7%
1370	Beverage manufacturing	239	295	28	28	9.6%	9.6%
1390	Tobacco manufacturing	12	17	0	0	0.0%	0.0%
1470	Fiber, yarn, and thread mills	8	10	0	0	0.0%	0.0%
1480	Fabric mills, except knitting mills	54	67	3	3	3.7%	3.7%
1490	Textile and fabric finishing and coating mills	7	8	2	3	19.6%	40.6%
1570	Carpet and rug mills	40	55	0	0	0.0%	0.0%
1590	Textile product mills, except carpet and rug	44	40	3	3	7.8%	7.8%
1670	Knitting mills, and apparel knitting mills	10	12	0	0	0.0%	0.0%
1691	Cut and sew, and apparel accessories and other apparel manufacturing	113	148	4	7	2.7%	4.7%
1770	Footwear manufacturing	21	29	3	3	11.4%	11.4%
1790	Leather tanning and finishing and other leather and allied products manufacturi	9	15	0	0	0.0%	0.0%
1870	Pulp, paper, and paperboard mills	168	186	54	61	28.9%	32.8%
1880	Paperboard containers and boxes	78	102	10	11	10.0%	10.9%
1890	Miscellaneous paper and pulp products	58	76	0	0	0.0%	0.0%
1990	Printing and related support activities	306	368	3	3	0.9%	0.9%
2070	Petroleum refining	168	175	32	36	18.6%	20.7%
2090	Miscellaneous petroleum and coal products	22	27	5	5	17.5%	17.5%
2170	Resin, synthetic rubber and fibers, and filaments manufacturing	139	168	8	8	4.6%	4.6%
2180	Agricultural chemical manufacturing	40	43	1	3	1.6%	7.3%
2190	Pharmaceutical and medicine manufacturing	548	683	21	26	3.1%	3.7%
2270	Paint, coating, and adhesives manufacturing	47	60	1	1	1.8%	1.8%
2280	Soap, cleaning compound, and cosmetic manufacturing	101	125	5	5	3.7%	4.1%
2290	Industrial and miscellaneous chemicals	354	390	31	35	7.9%	9.0%
2370	Plastics product manufacturing	254	307	15	18	5.0%	6.0%
2380	Tire manufacturing	51	59	11	13	19.1%	21.2%
2390	Rubber product, except tire, manufacturing	49	57	6	6	10.1%	11.4%
	DURABLE GOODS MANUFACTURING	7,881	9,321	741	814	8.0%	8.7%
2470	Pottery, ceramics, and plumbing fixture manufacturing	19	21	2	2	7.8%	7.8%
2480	Structural clay product manufacturing	13	15	0	1	0.0%	8.9%
2490	Glass and glass product manufacturing	104	123	11	11	8.8%	8.8%
2570	Cement, concrete, lime, and gypsum product manufacturing	120	134	15	15	10.9%	10.9%
2590	Miscellaneous nonmetallic mineral product manufacturing	48	46	0	1	0.6%	2.5%
2670	Iron and steel mills and steel product manufacturing	263	295	51	53	17.4%	17.9%
2680	Aluminum production and processing	33	38	4	4	10.9%	10.9%
2690	Nonferrous metal (except aluminum) production and processing	35	38	5	5	12.5%	12.5%
2770	Foundries	53	62	8	10	13.1%	15.5%
2780	Metal forgings and stampings	33	39	2	2	4.8%	4.8%
2790	Cutlery and hand tool manufacturing	35	34	3	3	8.8%	8.8%
2870	Structural metals, and boiler, tank, and shipping container manufacturing	248	294	24	26	8.3%	9.0%
2880	Machine shops; turned product; screw, nut, and bolt manufacturing	187	208	6	6	2.8%	2.8%
2890	Coating, engraving, heat treating and allied activities	41	47	0	2	0.8%	4.9%
2970	Ordnance	60	57	2	2	4.0%	4.0%
2980	Miscellaneous fabricated metal products manufacturing	241	287	26	34	9.1%	11.7%
2990	Not specified metal industries	19	27	1	1	5.3%	5.3%
3070	Agricultural implement manufacturing	132	120	5	6	4.2%	5.3%
3080	Construction, and mining and oil and gas field machinery manufacturing	139	126	6	6	4.9%	5.0%
3095	Commercial and service industry machinery manufacturing	72	79	3	3	3.9%	4.2%
3170	Metalworking machinery manufacturing	66	78	3	3	4.3%	4.3%
3180	Engines, turbines, and power transmission equipment manufacturing	36	43	0	3	0.0%	6.3%
3291	Machinery manufacturing, n.e.c. or not specified	733	865	42	47	4.9%	5.4%
3365	Computer and peripheral equipment manufacturing	97	109	6	7	5.4%	6.1%
3370	Communications, and audio and video equipment manufacturing	55	69	2	2	2.4%	3.1%
3380	Navigational, measuring, electromedical, and control instruments manufacturing	131	166	1	1	0.4%	0.6%
3390	Electronic component and product manufacturing, n.e.c.	590	690	6	13	0.9%	1.8%
3470	Household appliance manufacturing	54	71	9	9	12.1%	12.1%
3490	Electrical lighting and electrical equipment manufacturing, and other electrica	298	347	25	28	7.3%	8.1%
3570	Motor vehicles and motor vehicle equipment manufacturing	1,024	1,355	212	221	15.6%	16.3%
3580	Aircraft and parts manufacturing	777	943	134	144	14.2%	15.3%
3590	Aerospace product and parts manufacturing	44	49	4	4	9.2%	9.2%
3670	Railroad rolling stock manufacturing	18	19	0	0	0.0%	0.0%
3680	Ship and boat building	194	209	31	33	14.7%	15.7%
3690	Other transportation equipment manufacturing	28	31	1	1	1.7%	1.7%
3770	Sawmills and wood preservation	103	104	7	7	6.5%	6.5%
3780	Veneer, plywood, and engineered wood products	16	14	1	1	8.5%	8.5%
3790	Prefabricated wood buildings and mobile homes	35	37	2	2	5.6%	5.6%
3875	Miscellaneous wood products	170	176	0	1	0.2%	0.6%
3895	Furniture and related product manufacturing	266	312	17	20	5.6%	6.4%
3960	Medical equipment and supplies manufacturing	555	678	14	15	2.0%	2.2%
3970	Sporting and athletic goods, and doll, toy and game manufacturing	66	76	0	0	0.0%	0.0%
3980	Miscellaneous manufacturing, n.e.c.	359	435	20	22	4.5%	5.1%
3990	Not specified manufacturing industries	271	356	30	38	8.3%	10.5%
	WHOLESALE TRADE	2,547	2,955	136	157	4.6%	5.3%
4070	Motor vehicles, parts and supplies, merchant wholesalers	106	121	3	3	2.1%	2.4%
4080	Furniture and home furnishing, merchant wholesalers	44	56	0	0	0.0%	0.0%
4090	Lumber and other construction materials, merchant wholesalers	138	164	1	1	0.8%	0.8%
4170	Professional and commercial equipment and supplies, merchant wholesalers	216	260	7	7	2.7%	2.7%
4180	Metals and minerals, except petroleum, merchant wholesalers	26	28	0	0	0.0%	0.0%
4195	Electrical and electronic goods, merchant wholesalers	112	129	2	2	1.8%	1.8%
4265	Hardware, plumbing and heating equipment, and supplies, merchant wholesalers	119	146	1	3	1.0%	2.0%
4270	Machinery, equipment, and supplies, merchant wholesalers	291	314	9	10	2.8%	3.0%
4280	Recyclable material, merchant wholesalers	48	67	0	0	0.0%	0.0%
4290	Miscellaneous durable goods, merchant wholesalers	41	47	0	0	0.0%	0.0%
4370	Paper and paper products, merchant wholesalers	27	25	0	0	0.0%	0.0%
4380	Drugs, sundries, and chemical and allied products, merchant wholesalers	140	178	1	3	0.7%	1.7%
4390	Apparel, piece goods, and notions, merchant wholesalers	67	81	5	5	6.0%	6.0%
4470	Groceries and related products, merchant wholesalers	663	793	78	89	9.8%	11.3%
4480	Farm product raw materials, merchant wholesalers	59	44	3	3	5.7%	5.7%
4490	Petroleum and petroleum products, merchant wholesalers	96	86	5	9	6.3%	10.6%
4560	Alcoholic beverages, merchant wholesalers	104	120	14	15	11.4%	12.3%
4570	Farm supplies, merchant wholesalers	43	41	0	0	1.0%	1.0%
4580	Miscellaneous nondurable goods, merchant wholesalers	118	133	5	5	3.4%	3.4%
4585	Wholesale electronics markets, agents and brokers	32	44	0	0	0.0%	0.0%
4590	Not specified wholesale trade	57	78	2	2	2.2%	3.0%
	RETAIL TRADE	13,102	15,115	603	695	4.0%	4.6%
4670	Automobile dealers	1,016	1,175	18	24	1.5%	2.0%
4680	Other motor vehicle dealers	153	162	1	2	0.7%	1.3%
4690	Auto parts, accessories, and tire stores	404	429	8	9	1.9%	2.2%
4770	Furniture and home furnishings stores	356	406	6	6	1.6%	1.6%
4780	Household appliance stores	47	53	0	0	0.0%	0.0%
4795	Electronics stores	303	378	8	10	2.2%	2.7%
4870	Building material and supplies dealers	851	937	17	19	1.8%	2.0%
4880	Hardware stores	230	233	3	5	1.4%	2.3%
4890	Lawn and garden equipment and supplies stores	307	299	0	1	0.1%	0.2%
4971	Supermarkets and other grocery (except convenience) stores	2,013	2,339	360	382	15.4%	16.3%
4972	Convenience Stores	254	276	0	0	0.1%	0.1%
4980	Specialty food stores	196	228	4	6	1.7%	2.5%
4990	Beer, wine, and liquor stores	138	151	9	9	6.0%	6.0%
5070	Pharmacies and drug stores	704	835	43	43	5.1%	5.1%
5080	Health and personal care, except drug, stores	334	392	1	4	0.1%	1.0%
5090	Gasoline stations	448	479	6	7	1.3%	1.5%
5170	Clothing stores	612	773	11	22	1.4%	2.8%
5180	Shoe stores	119	148	4	7	2.5%	4.6%
5190	Jewelry, luggage, and leather goods stores	104	132	2	4	1.2%	2.9%
5275	Sporting goods, camera, and hobby and toy stores	409	446	4	4	0.9%	0.9%
5280	Sewing, needlework and piece goods stores	36	42	0	0	0.0%	0.0%
5295	Musical instrument and supplies stores	18	23	0	0	0.0%	0.0%
5370	Book stores and news dealers	72	85	3	4	3.3%	4.1%
5381	Department stores	275	326	8	12	2.3%	3.7%
5391	General merchandise stores, including warehouse clubs and supercenters	1,988	2,255	44	66	2.0%	2.9%
5470	Florists	42	45	0	1	0.0%	1.5%
5480	Office supplies and stationery stores	74	84	1	1	1.6%	1.6%
5490	Used merchandise stores	190	205	2	3	1.2%	1.4%
5570	Gift, novelty, and souvenir shops	96	121	4	4	3.2%	3.2%
5580	Miscellaneous retail stores	428	529	8	8	1.5%	1.5%
5593	Electronic shopping and mail-order houses	414	538	21	24	3.9%	4.5%
5670	Vending machine operators	19	24	0	0	0.0%	0.0%
5680	Fuel dealers	96	92	2	2	1.7%	1.7%
5690	Other direct selling establishments	43	44	0	0	0.0%	1.1%
5790	Not specified retail trade	313	430	6	6	1.3%	1.4%
	TRANSPORTATION & WAREHOUSING	5,984	7,329	1,567	1,671	21.4%	22.8%
6070	Air transportation	617	758	312	321	41.1%	42.4%
6080	Rail transportation	244	224	151	151	67.3%	67.6%
6090	Water transportation	71	86	13	13	15.0%	15.6%
6170	Truck transportation	1,439	1,672	124	142	7.4%	8.5%
6180	Bus service and urban transit	354	427	163	174	38.2%	40.6%
6190	Taxi and limousine service	279	395	29	31	7.4%	7.8%
6270	Pipeline transportation	45	45	8	8	16.8%	16.8%
6280	Scenic and sightseeing transportation	42	38	2	2	6.0%	6.0%
6290	Services incidental to transportation	621	763	116	117	15.2%	15.4%
6370	Postal Service	550	626	399	424	63.9%	67.7%
6380	Couriers and messengers	938	1,198	178	200	14.9%	16.7%
6390	Warehousing and storage	784	1,097	72	88	6.6%	8.0%
	INFORMATION	2,098	2,521	176	203	7.0%	8.1%
6470	Newspaper publishers	97	98	10	10	9.8%	9.8%
6480	Periodical, book, and directory publishers	123	153	5	5	3.2%	3.5%
6490	Software publishers	208	255	2	2	0.8%	0.8%
6570	Motion pictures and video industries	247	330	30	35	9.0%	10.7%
6590	Sound recording industries	21	31	0	1	0.0%	4.0%
6670	Broadcasting (except internet)	207	234	20	22	8.6%	9.5%
6672	Internet publishing and broadcasting and web search portals	153	205	6	8	3.0%	3.7%
6680	Wired telecommunications carriers	301	371	39	50	10.4%	13.6%
6690	Telecommunications, except wired telecommunications carriers	337	403	31	32	7.6%	8.0%
6695	Data processing, hosting, and related services	164	201	3	3	1.7%	1.7%
6770	Libraries and archives	192	183	21	25	11.7%	13.7%
6780	Other information services, except libraries and archives, and internet publish	48	57	9	9	15.8%	15.8%
	FINANCE & INSURANCE	6,159	7,272	90	126	1.2%	1.7%
6870	Banking and related activities	1,773	1,967	22	35	1.1%	1.8%
6880	Savings institutions, including credit unions	227	232	3	5	1.2%	2.2%
6890	Non-depository credit and related activities	926	1,184	9	12	0.7%	1.0%
6970	Securities, commodities, funds, trusts, and other financial investments	1,003	1,231	16	27	1.3%	2.2%
6991	Insurance carriers	1,124	1,340	21	27	1.6%	2.0%
6992	Agencies, brokerages, and other insurance related activities	1,106	1,318	20	20	1.5%	1.5%
	REAL ESTATE & RENTAL & LEASING	1,828	2,166	78	95	3.6%	4.4%
7071	Lessors of real estate, and offices of real estate agents and brokers	1,232	1,456	48	60	3.3%	4.1%
7072	Real estate property managers, offices of real estate appraisers, and other act	309	378	12	16	3.2%	4.2%
7080	Automotive equipment rental and leasing	111	130	4	5	2.9%	3.9%
7181	Other consumer goods rental	61	80	0	0	0.0%	0.0%
7190	Commercial, industrial, and other intangible assets rental and leasing	115	122	14	14	11.4%	11.8%
	PROF., SCIENTIFIC, TECHNICAL SERVICES	9,806	11,639	180	271	1.6%	2.3%
7270	Legal services	1,222	1,384	34	42	2.4%	3.0%
7280	Accounting, tax preparation, bookkeeping and payroll services	920	1,087	9	16	0.9%	1.5%
7290	Architectural, engineering, and related services	1,504	1,662	40	64	2.4%	3.8%
7370	Specialized design services	182	236	5	5	2.2%	2.2%
7380	Computer systems design and related services	3,011	3,821	36	57	0.9%	1.5%
7390	Management, scientific and technical consulting services	1,243	1,460	28	41	1.9%	2.8%
7460	Scientific research and development services	696	776	17	22	2.2%	2.8%
7470	Advertising and related services	476	576	5	8	0.9%	1.3%
7480	Veterinary services	372	413	3	9	0.6%	2.2%
7490	Other professional, scientific and technical services	180	223	3	7	1.2%	3.1%
	MANAGEMENT & RELATED SERVICES	4,962	6,122	262	309	4.3%	5.0%
7570	Management of companies and enterprises	99	125	0	3	0.0%	2.5%
7580	Employment services	647	801	14	25	1.7%	3.1%
7590	Business support services	622	761	19	25	2.5%	3.3%
7670	Travel arrangements and reservation services	240	274	15	15	5.5%	5.5%
7680	Investigation and security services	678	868	49	57	5.6%	6.5%
7690	Services to buildings and dwellings (except cleaning during construction and im	1,018	1,282	57	67	4.5%	5.2%
7770	Landscaping services	841	1,033	28	31	2.7%	3.0%
7780	Other administrative and other support services	356	446	20	20	4.5%	4.5%
7790	Waste management and remediation services	461	532	60	66	11.3%	12.4%
	EDUCATIONAL SERVICES	12,596	14,061	4,049	4,516	28.8%	32.1%
7860	Elementary and secondary schools	8,322	9,248	3,428	3,800	37.1%	41.1%
7870	Colleges and universities, including junior colleges	3,524	3,939	564	645	14.3%	16.4%
7880	Business, technical, and trade schools and training	82	94	10	10	11.1%	11.1%
7890	Other schools and instruction, and educational support services	668	780	46	60	5.9%	7.7%
	HEALTH CARE & SOCIAL ASSISTANCE	18,810	21,401	1,778	2,021	8.3%	9.4%
7970	Offices of physicians	1,233	1,440	65	71	4.5%	4.9%
7980	Offices of dentists	764	827	18	22	2.1%	2.6%
7990	Office of chiropractors	89	94	0	0	0.2%	0.2%
8070	Offices of optometrists	131	140	6	6	4.0%	4.0%
8080	Offices of other health practitioners	248	299	13	14	4.3%	4.7%
8090	Outpatient care centers	2,161	2,442	100	121	4.1%	4.9%
8170	Home health care services	1,185	1,439	79	100	5.5%	7.0%
8180	Other health care services	1,414	1,685	119	135	7.1%	8.0%
8191	General medical and surgical hospitals, and specialty (except psychiatric and s	6,625	7,371	994	1,116	13.5%	15.1%
8192	Psychiatric and substance abuse hospitals	98	111	28	30	25.0%	27.1%
8270	Nursing care facilities (skilled nursing facilities)	1,191	1,320	88	103	6.7%	7.8%
8290	Residential care facilities, except skilled nursing facilities	806	919	28	33	3.1%	3.5%
8370	Individual and family services	1,639	1,912	189	204	9.9%	10.7%
8380	Community food and housing, and emergency services	156	188	16	16	8.6%	8.6%
8390	Vocational rehabilitation services	69	76	2	7	3.0%	9.3%
8470	Child day care services	1,001	1,139	33	44	2.9%	3.9%
	ARTS, ENTERTAINMENT, & RECREATION	2,459	2,815	195	226	6.9%	8.0%
8561	Performing arts companies	111	124	15	18	12.2%	14.2%
8562	Spectator sports	87	114	9	9	7.9%	7.9%
8563	Promoters of performing arts, sports, and similar events, agents and managers f	101	128	13	13	10.3%	10.3%
8564	Independent artists, writers, and performers	76	83	15	17	18.4%	20.3%
8570	Museums, art galleries, historical sites, and similar institutions	374	382	41	50	10.7%	13.0%
8580	Bowling centers	36	39	0	0	0.0%	0.0%
8590	Other amusement, gambling, and recreation industries	1,674	1,945	102	119	5.2%	6.1%
	ACCOMODATION & FOOD SERVICES	8,396	10,075	237	274	2.3%	2.7%
8660	Traveler accommodation	1,038	1,079	84	93	7.8%	8.6%
8670	Recreational vehicle parks and camps, and rooming and boarding houses, dormitor	72	78	0	0	0.0%	0.0%
8680	Restaurants and other food services	7,119	8,744	151	177	1.7%	2.0%
8690	Drinking places, alcoholic beverages	167	174	2	4	1.4%	2.5%
	OTHER SERVICES, EXC. PUBLIC ADMIN.	5,317	5,978	169	196	2.8%	3.3%
8770	Automotive repair and maintenance	870	1,032	20	25	1.9%	2.4%
8780	Car washes	132	171	2	4	1.1%	2.5%
8790	Electronic and precision equipment repair and maintenance	63	74	3	3	3.6%	3.6%
8870	Commercial and industrial machinery and equipment repair and maintenance	256	290	27	30	9.3%	10.2%
8891	Personal and household goods repair and maintenance	84	104	0	0	0.0%	0.0%
8970	Barber shops	51	70	1	1	1.8%	1.8%
8980	Beauty salons	443	542	6	6	1.1%	1.1%
8990	Nail salons and other personal care services	282	351	2	4	0.5%	1.2%
9070	Dry cleaning and laundry services	154	168	9	13	5.6%	7.8%
9080	Funeral homes, and cemeteries and crematories	118	125	3	3	2.6%	2.6%
9090	Other personal services	285	342	4	7	1.2%	2.0%
9160	Religious organizations	931	984	8	13	0.8%	1.3%
9170	Civic, social, advocacy organizations, and grantmaking and giving services	870	894	20	20	2.2%	2.2%
9180	Labor unions	81	66	54	54	82.0%	82.0%
9190	Business, professional, political, and similar organizations	163	130	1	1	0.7%	0.7%
9290	Private households	534	636	9	11	1.3%	1.8%
	PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION	7,727	8,024	2,190	2,468	27.3%	30.8%
9370	Executive offices and legislative bodies	1,321	1,376	269	306	19.6%	22.3%
9380	Public finance activities	307	333	99	111	29.7%	33.3%
9390	Other general government and support	140	149	27	34	18.1%	23.0%
9470	Justice, public order, and safety activities	2,260	2,519	1,000	1,076	39.7%	42.7%
9480	Administration of human resource programs	1,596	1,682	439	497	26.1%	29.6%
9490	Administration of environmental quality and housing programs	335	286	67	81	23.3%	28.2%
9570	Administration of economic programs and space research	715	658	162	177	24.7%	27.0%
9590	National security and international affairs	1,053	1,022	127	186	12.4%	18.2%
Copyright 2025 by Barry T. Hirsch, David A. Macpherson, and William E. Even.  The use of this data requires citation.