Union Membership, Coverage, Density and Employment by Industry: 1999
CIC	Industry	Obs	Employment (in 1000s)	Members (in 1000s)	Covered (in 1000s)	% Mem	% Cov
	AGRICULTURE	2,333	1,735	43	48	2.5%	2.8%
10	Agricultural production, crops	647	519	13	15	2.5%	3.0%
11	Agricultural production, livestock	590	356	5	7	1.3%	2.0%
12	Veterinary services	255	185	0	0	0.2%	0.2%
20	Landscape and horticultural services	704	560	21	22	3.8%	3.9%
30	Agricultural services, n.e.c.	137	116	3	4	3.0%	3.1%
	FORESTRY AND FISHERIES	185	86	14	15	15.8%	17.8%
31	Forestry	135	60	9	10	14.3%	16.6%
32	Fishing, hunting, and trapping	50	26	5	5	19.2%	20.4%
	MINING	9,847	7,281	1,420	1,478	19.5%	20.3%
40	Metal mining	96	36	12	13	32.8%	34.5%
41	Coal mining	198	89	26	26	28.8%	28.9%
42	Oil and gas extraction	485	304	9	11	2.9%	3.7%
50	Nonmetallic mining and quarrying, except fuel	184	105	12	13	11.6%	12.3%
60	CONSTRUCTION	8,884	6,747	1,362	1,416	20.2%	21.0%
	MANUFACTURING, NONDURABLE GOODS	9,755	7,529	1,086	1,150	14.4%	15.3%
100	Meat products	655	476	92	98	19.3%	20.5%
101	Dairy products	180	138	37	38	27.1%	27.9%
102	Canned, frozen and preserved fruits and vegetables	251	168	53	55	31.4%	32.6%
110	Grain mill products	189	146	29	30	20.1%	20.6%
111	Bakery products	260	211	64	66	30.2%	31.3%
112	Sugar and confectionery products	145	99	26	26	26.3%	26.3%
120	Beverage industries	246	200	34	36	17.0%	18.2%
121	Miscellaneous food preparations and kindred products	229	168	26	26	15.6%	15.7%
122	Not specified food industries	6	5	0	1	5.8%	18.2%
130	Tobacco manufactures	50	47	12	12	25.1%	25.1%
132	Knitting mills	113	87	7	7	7.6%	8.1%
140	Dyeing and finishing textiles, except wool and knit goods	60	45	2	2	4.6%	5.3%
141	Carpets and rugs	95	86	4	4	4.7%	4.7%
142	Yarn, thread, and fabric mills	326	280	9	12	3.3%	4.2%
150	Miscellaneous textile mill products	32	20	4	4	21.4%	21.4%
151	Apparel and accessories, except knit	701	562	47	52	8.3%	9.2%
152	Miscellaneous fabricated textile products	165	127	11	12	8.8%	9.3%
160	Pulp, paper, and paperboard mills	313	236	99	99	41.9%	41.9%
161	Miscellaneous paper and pulp products	268	209	32	34	15.4%	16.3%
162	Paperboard containers and boxes	240	200	39	41	19.3%	20.6%
171	Newspaper publishing and printing	746	521	65	73	12.4%	14.0%
172	Printing, publishing, and allied industries, except newspapers	1,450	1,133	72	78	6.3%	6.9%
180	Plastics, synthetics, and resins	163	130	13	14	10.3%	11.0%
181	Drugs	461	362	19	23	5.2%	6.4%
182	Soaps and cosmetics	213	169	17	19	10.0%	11.2%
190	Paints, varnishes, and related products	72	60	6	6	9.1%	10.5%
191	Agricultural chemicals	69	49	4	4	8.2%	8.2%
192	Industrial and miscellaneous chemicals	603	448	68	73	15.1%	16.3%
200	Petroleum refining	202	153	33	34	21.6%	22.0%
201	Miscellaneous petroleum and coal products	45	33	9	9	26.0%	26.0%
210	Tires and inner tubes	126	115	46	48	39.9%	41.6%
211	Other rubber products, and plastics footwear and belting	201	154	33	35	21.5%	22.5%
212	Miscellaneous plastics products	768	610	65	67	10.7%	11.0%
220	Leather tanning and finishing	9	10	6	6	57.3%	57.3%
221	Footwear, except rubber and plastic	69	44	4	5	9.9%	11.2%
222	Leather products, except footwear	34	28	1	1	2.9%	2.9%
	MANUFACTURING, DURABLE GOODS	15,100	11,880	1,950	2,077	16.4%	17.5%
230	Logging	132	84	6	6	7.6%	7.6%
231	Sawmills, planing mills, and millwork	595	408	41	45	10.1%	10.9%
232	Wood buildings and mobile homes	129	110	4	4	3.7%	3.7%
241	Miscellaneous wood products	190	141	13	13	9.4%	9.4%
242	Furniture and fixtures	778	629	44	46	6.9%	7.3%
250	Glass and glass products	233	192	52	54	27.0%	28.0%
251	Cement, concrete, gypsum, and plaster products	271	212	36	41	17.0%	19.1%
252	Structural clay products	50	42	8	9	19.7%	22.3%
261	Pottery and related products	47	37	8	9	20.9%	24.8%
262	Miscellaneous nonmetallic mineral and stone products	142	115	20	27	17.0%	23.2%
270	Blast furnaces, steelworks, rolling and finishing mills	370	296	121	122	40.9%	41.3%
271	Iron and steel foundries	132	111	41	41	36.5%	37.1%
272	Primary aluminum industries	168	147	61	62	41.7%	42.4%
280	Other primary metal industries	227	185	38	40	20.7%	21.4%
281	Cutlery, handtools, and general hardware	152	113	18	21	15.7%	18.3%
282	Fabricated structural metal products	633	506	67	72	13.3%	14.3%
290	Screw machine products	82	61	5	5	7.5%	8.5%
291	Metal forgings and stampings	163	136	29	33	21.6%	24.5%
292	Ordnance	71	48	16	16	33.1%	33.1%
300	Miscellaneous fabricated metal products	485	385	61	66	16.0%	17.1%
301	Not specified metal industries	6	5	1	1	13.6%	13.6%
310	Engines and turbines	78	61	13	13	21.9%	21.9%
311	Farm machinery and equipment	162	99	14	14	14.4%	14.7%
312	Construction and material handling machines	285	226	45	48	20.0%	21.2%
320	Metalworking machinery	364	292	27	30	9.4%	10.4%
321	Office and accounting machines	29	24	1	1	2.4%	6.2%
322	Computers and related equipment	686	561	12	15	2.1%	2.7%
331	Machinery, except electrical, n.e.c.	1,347	1,066	136	143	12.7%	13.4%
332	Not specified machinery	7	5	0	0	0.0%	0.0%
340	Household appliances	125	111	25	27	22.9%	24.3%
341	Radio, TV, and communication equipment	496	400	41	46	10.1%	11.4%
342	Electrical machinery, equipment, and supplies, n.e.c.	1,758	1,356	139	153	10.3%	11.3%
350	Not specified electrical machinery, equipment, and supplies	32	29	1	1	3.4%	3.4%
351	Motor vehicles and motor vehicle equipment	1,620	1,303	480	493	36.8%	37.8%
352	Aircraft and parts	601	490	139	154	28.4%	31.5%
360	Ship and boat building and repairing	249	180	37	40	20.5%	22.4%
361	Railroad locomotives and equipment	32	28	12	12	43.2%	43.2%
362	Guided missiles, space vehicles, and parts	285	242	29	34	12.0%	14.2%
370	Cycles and miscellaneous transportation equipment	82	63	11	11	17.5%	17.5%
371	Scientific and controlling instruments	252	196	11	13	5.7%	6.7%
372	Medical, dental, and optical instruments and supplies	514	415	18	19	4.3%	4.7%
380	Photographic equipment and supplies	133	107	5	5	5.0%	5.0%
381	Watches, clocks, and clockwork operated devices	12	10	3	3	29.6%	29.6%
390	Toys, amusement, and sporting goods	207	146	6	7	4.4%	4.9%
391	Miscellaneous manufacturing industries	538	373	31	33	8.2%	8.8%
392	Not specified manufacturing industries	150	134	23	25	17.2%	18.4%
	TRANSPORTATION	7,448	5,623	1,903	2,026	33.8%	36.0%
400	Railroads	420	298	197	203	66.3%	68.1%
401	Bus service and urban transit	803	588	195	201	33.2%	34.2%
402	Taxicab service	132	99	8	10	8.5%	10.5%
410	Trucking service	2,704	2,084	434	457	20.8%	21.9%
411	Warehousing and storage	192	165	15	18	9.3%	10.9%
412	U.S. Postal Service	1,229	891	623	686	70.0%	77.0%
420	Water transportation	282	215	66	67	30.8%	31.2%
421	Air transportation	1,173	904	339	356	37.5%	39.3%
422	Pipe lines, except natural gas	16	12	4	4	36.0%	36.0%
432	Services incidental to transportation	497	367	19	23	5.2%	6.3%
	COMMUNICATIONS	2,392	1,871	437	462	23.4%	24.7%
440	Radio and television broadcasting and cable	599	455	56	58	12.2%	12.9%
441	Telephone communications	1,774	1,402	381	404	27.2%	28.8%
442	Telegraph and miscellaneous communications services	19	14	0	0	0.9%	0.9%
	UTILITIES AND SANITARY SERVICES	2,027	1,450	455	478	31.4%	33.0%
450	Electric light and power	826	567	202	213	35.7%	37.5%
451	Gas and steam supply systems	260	174	42	44	23.9%	25.5%
452	Electric and gas, and other combinations	188	156	57	60	36.8%	38.7%
470	Water supply and irrigation	344	269	79	82	29.3%	30.4%
471	Sanitary services	395	271	73	77	26.8%	28.3%
472	Not specified utilities	14	13	2	2	15.5%	15.5%
	WHOLESALE TRADE	6,019	4,586	250	283	5.5%	6.2%
500	Motor vehicles and equipment	279	215	17	20	8.0%	9.3%
501	Furniture and home furnishings	120	95	5	6	5.2%	6.1%
502	Lumber and construction materials	266	207	11	11	5.2%	5.5%
510	Professional and commercial equipment and supplies	584	475	6	7	1.2%	1.5%
511	Metals and minerals, except petroleum	107	83	17	17	20.0%	20.0%
512	Electrical goods	412	320	10	12	3.0%	3.7%
521	Hardware, plumbing and heating supplies	322	256	10	10	3.8%	3.8%
530	Machinery, equipment, and supplies	836	610	14	18	2.2%	2.9%
531	Scrap and waste materials	147	111	6	6	5.4%	5.4%
532	Miscellaneous wholesale, durable goods	173	132	4	4	2.9%	2.9%
540	Paper and paper products	158	127	6	6	5.1%	5.1%
541	Drugs, chemicals and allied products	288	223	5	6	2.0%	2.8%
542	Apparel, fabrics, and notions	145	115	8	9	7.1%	7.8%
550	Groceries and related products	1,118	859	104	119	12.1%	13.8%
551	Farm-product raw materials	142	77	1	1	1.4%	1.4%
552	Petroleum products	184	130	6	8	4.9%	5.9%
560	Alcoholic beverages	149	111	11	11	9.9%	9.9%
561	Farm supplies	202	138	2	2	1.1%	1.1%
562	Miscellaneous wholesale, nondurable goods	355	276	7	9	2.5%	3.2%
571	Not specified wholesale trade	32	28	2	2	8.5%	8.5%
	RETAIL TRADE	26,905	20,185	1,040	1,138	5.2%	5.6%
580	Lumber and building material retailing	798	592	17	20	2.8%	3.5%
581	Hardware stores	274	194	3	3	1.3%	1.7%
582	Retail nurseries and garden stores	149	105	0	0	0.0%	0.0%
590	Mobile home dealers	60	40	1	1	1.4%	1.4%
591	Department stores	2,970	2,236	85	94	3.8%	4.2%
592	Variety stores	180	143	4	4	3.1%	3.1%
600	Miscellaneous general merchandise stores	239	160	5	7	3.0%	4.4%
601	Grocery stores	3,922	2,923	635	667	21.7%	22.8%
602	Dairy products stores	38	26	0	0	0.0%	0.0%
610	Retail bakeries	270	190	8	11	4.1%	5.6%
611	Food stores, n.e.c.	232	179	8	8	4.4%	4.4%
612	Motor vehicle dealers	1,538	1,145	28	32	2.5%	2.8%
620	Auto and home supply stores	590	432	13	14	2.9%	3.2%
621	Gasoline service stations	453	327	5	6	1.7%	1.9%
622	Miscellaneous vehicle dealers	186	132	2	2	1.2%	1.2%
623	Apparel and accessory stores, except shoe	911	718	13	15	1.8%	2.1%
630	Shoe stores	162	132	2	2	1.4%	1.4%
631	Furniture and home furnishings stores	667	508	10	12	2.0%	2.3%
632	Household appliance stores	99	75	3	3	4.5%	4.5%
633	Radio, TV, and computer stores	582	472	6	9	1.4%	1.9%
640	Music stores	132	109	1	1	1.0%	1.0%
641	Eating and drinking places	8,310	6,279	101	128	1.6%	2.0%
642	Drug stores	811	629	38	42	6.0%	6.7%
650	Liquor stores	137	104	4	4	3.4%	3.7%
651	Sporting goods, bicycles, and hobby stores	468	337	4	4	1.1%	1.2%
652	Book and stationery stores	379	291	5	7	1.8%	2.3%
660	Jewelry stores	204	150	4	5	2.5%	3.0%
661	Gift, novelty, and souvenir shops	261	183	3	3	1.8%	1.8%
662	Sewing, needlework and piece goods stores	57	41	1	1	2.2%	2.5%
663	Catalog and mail order houses	227	163	7	7	4.1%	4.1%
670	Vending machine operators	73	60	5	6	7.9%	9.5%
671	Direct selling establishments	203	142	3	3	2.1%	2.3%
672	Fuel dealers	132	89	1	1	1.6%	1.6%
681	Retail florists	191	134	2	2	1.5%	1.5%
682	Miscellaneous retail stores	869	634	12	12	1.9%	1.9%
691	Not specified retail trade	131	111	3	3	2.3%	3.1%
	FINANCE, INSURANCE, AND REAL ESTATE	10,388	7,780	201	244	2.6%	3.1%
700	Banking	2,613	1,881	17	28	0.9%	1.5%
701	Savings institutions, including credit unions	407	268	10	13	3.8%	4.9%
702	Credit agencies, n.e.c.	999	764	6	12	0.7%	1.5%
710	Security, commodity brokerage, and investment companies	1,091	847	12	20	1.4%	2.3%
711	Insurance	3,042	2,304	58	64	2.5%	2.8%
712	Real estate, including real estate-insurance offices	2,236	1,717	98	108	5.7%	6.3%
	BUSINESS AND REPAIR SERVICES	9,276	7,288	246	293	3.4%	4.0%
721	Advertising	320	251	5	7	1.8%	2.9%
722	Services to dwellings and other buildings	791	617	50	54	8.1%	8.8%
731	Personnel supply services	1,250	1,015	23	35	2.3%	3.5%
732	Computer and data processing services	2,220	1,802	22	27	1.2%	1.5%
740	Detective and protective services	673	542	37	42	6.8%	7.7%
741	Business services, n.e.c.	1,959	1,476	40	50	2.7%	3.4%
742	Automotive rental and leasing, without drivers	229	179	11	13	5.9%	7.1%
750	Automotive parking and carwashes	244	201	13	13	6.2%	6.2%
751	Automotive repair and related services	1,044	791	23	26	2.9%	3.3%
752	Electrical repair shops	118	83	5	6	6.5%	7.6%
760	Miscellaneous repair services	428	332	19	20	5.8%	6.0%
	PERSONAL SERVICES	5,136	3,674	182	205	5.0%	5.6%
761	Private Households	1,224	938	8	9	0.9%	1.0%
762	Hotels and Motels	2,085	1,336	144	158	10.8%	11.8%
770	Lodging places, except hotels and motels	158	123	1	3	0.5%	2.4%
771	Laundry, cleaning, and garment services	502	381	21	25	5.6%	6.6%
772	Beauty shops	732	559	4	6	0.7%	1.1%
780	Barber shops	33	26	0	0	0.0%	0.0%
781	Funeral service and crematories	106	83	1	1	1.2%	1.2%
782	Shoe repair shops	8	5	0	0	0.0%	0.0%
790	Dressmaking shops	5	6	1	1	15.6%	15.6%
791	Miscellaneous personal services	283	216	2	2	0.9%	0.9%
	ENTERTAINMENT AND RECREATION SERVICES	10,016	7,397	875	1,001	11.8%	13.5%
800	Theaters and motion pictures	638	501	76	84	15.3%	16.7%
801	Video tape rental	140	116	0	2	0.0%	1.3%
802	Bowling centers	56	45	2	2	4.0%	4.0%
810	Miscellaneous entertainment and recreation services	2,163	1,625	131	151	8.1%	9.3%
	MEDICAL SERVICES, EXCEPT HOSPITALS	8,012	5,882	365	420	6.2%	7.1%
812	Offices and clinics of physicians	1,887	1,401	34	48	2.4%	3.4%
820	Offices and clinics of dentists	763	553	15	17	2.7%	3.0%
821	Offices and clinics of chiropractors	108	87	0	0	0.3%	0.3%
822	Offices and clinics of optometrists	66	54	0	0	0.0%	0.0%
830	Offices and clinics of health practitioners, n.e.c.	60	44	0	1	0.3%	2.3%
831	HOSPITALS	7,019	5,110	666	764	13.0%	14.9%
832	Nursing and personal care facilities	2,522	1,835	176	192	9.6%	10.5%
840	Health services, n.e.c.	2,606	1,907	139	162	7.3%	8.5%
	OTHER PROFESSIONAL SERVICES	7,041	5,138	133	165	2.6%	3.2%
841	Legal services	1,440	1,049	11	13	1.1%	1.2%
	EDUCATIONAL SERVICES	15,221	10,820	3,787	4,294	35.0%	39.7%
842	Elementary and secondary schools	10,453	7,498	3,345	3,747	44.6%	50.0%
850	Colleges and universities	4,190	2,909	398	488	13.7%	16.8%
851	Vocational schools	120	83	8	11	9.6%	13.1%
852	Libraries	248	182	29	38	15.7%	21.1%
860	Educational services, n.e.c.	210	149	7	11	4.9%	7.1%
	SOCIAL SERVICES	3,843	2,793	228	257	8.2%	9.2%
861	Job training and vocational rehabilitation services	285	205	14	15	7.0%	7.5%
862	Child day care services	1,284	973	31	39	3.2%	4.0%
863	Family child care homes	20	15	0	0	0.0%	0.0%
870	Residential care facilities, without nursing	690	503	35	39	7.0%	7.7%
871	Social services, n.e.c.	1,564	1,097	148	165	13.5%	15.0%
872	Museums, art galleries, and zoos	173	115	9	11	7.4%	9.7%
873	Labor unions	95	66	41	41	62.0%	62.0%
880	Religious organizations	1,298	943	6	10	0.6%	1.1%
881	Membership organizations, n.e.c.	484	337	9	12	2.6%	3.6%
882	Engineering, architectural, and surveying services	1,058	807	22	29	2.7%	3.6%
890	Accounting, auditing, and bookkeeping services	735	548	5	8	1.0%	1.5%
891	Research, development, and testing services	858	605	21	28	3.5%	4.6%
892	Management and public relations services	820	615	9	12	1.5%	1.9%
893	Miscellaneous professional and related services	80	53	1	1	1.1%	1.1%
	PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION	8,434	5,966	1,860	2,146	31.2%	36.0%
900	Executive and legislative offices	254	153	11	14	7.0%	9.5%
901	General government, n.e.c.	1,027	701	171	202	24.4%	28.8%
910	Justice, public order, and safety	3,335	2,523	1,087	1,174	43.1%	46.5%
921	Public finance, taxation, and monetary policy	501	345	88	115	25.5%	33.2%
922	Administration of human resources programs	1,175	805	219	268	27.1%	33.2%
930	Administration of environmental quality and housing programs	426	244	54	64	22.3%	26.2%
931	Administration of economic programs	867	570	150	180	26.4%	31.5%
932	National security and international affairs	849	625	79	130	12.7%	20.8%
Copyright 2024 by Barry T. Hirsch, David A. Macpherson, and William E. Even.  The use of this data requires citation.