Union Membership, Coverage, Density and Employment by Industry: 1998
CIC	Industry	Obs	Employment (in 1000s)	Members (in 1000s)	Covered (in 1000s)	% Mem	% Cov
	AGRICULTURE	2,321	1,752	27	32	1.6%	1.8%
10	Agricultural production, crops	691	548	17	17	3.1%	3.1%
11	Agricultural production, livestock	657	418	2	3	0.4%	0.7%
12	Veterinary services	234	172	1	2	0.8%	1.2%
20	Landscape and horticultural services	606	513	7	10	1.5%	1.9%
30	Agricultural services, n.e.c.	133	101	0	0	0.0%	0.0%
	FORESTRY AND FISHERIES	164	78	8	10	10.6%	13.0%
31	Forestry	114	50	7	8	13.0%	16.8%
32	Fishing, hunting, and trapping	50	28	2	2	6.2%	6.2%
	MINING	9,485	7,003	1,285	1,347	18.4%	19.2%
40	Metal mining	122	51	15	16	28.8%	30.8%
41	Coal mining	184	81	26	27	32.5%	33.6%
42	Oil and gas extraction	569	349	11	14	3.0%	4.0%
50	Nonmetallic mining and quarrying, except fuel	178	110	22	24	19.6%	21.5%
60	CONSTRUCTION	8,432	6,412	1,212	1,267	18.9%	19.8%
	MANUFACTURING, NONDURABLE GOODS	10,096	7,775	1,140	1,220	14.7%	15.7%
100	Meat products	584	409	83	92	20.4%	22.5%
101	Dairy products	179	128	30	31	23.5%	24.1%
102	Canned, frozen and preserved fruits and vegetables	280	199	54	62	27.1%	31.3%
110	Grain mill products	204	161	31	34	19.5%	20.9%
111	Bakery products	271	218	66	67	30.3%	30.8%
112	Sugar and confectionery products	143	99	30	32	30.6%	31.7%
120	Beverage industries	236	189	39	39	20.5%	20.9%
121	Miscellaneous food preparations and kindred products	256	188	27	32	14.5%	17.1%
122	Not specified food industries	8	6	3	3	40.5%	40.5%
130	Tobacco manufactures	61	53	12	13	23.0%	24.6%
132	Knitting mills	116	85	4	4	4.2%	4.2%
140	Dyeing and finishing textiles, except wool and knit goods	53	45	3	3	5.7%	5.7%
141	Carpets and rugs	91	82	4	5	4.7%	5.6%
142	Yarn, thread, and fabric mills	377	312	18	18	5.8%	5.9%
150	Miscellaneous textile mill products	52	39	3	3	6.9%	6.9%
151	Apparel and accessories, except knit	799	644	50	57	7.7%	8.8%
152	Miscellaneous fabricated textile products	181	138	8	9	5.9%	6.6%
160	Pulp, paper, and paperboard mills	321	248	112	113	45.2%	45.7%
161	Miscellaneous paper and pulp products	273	221	39	41	17.7%	18.7%
162	Paperboard containers and boxes	254	204	50	50	24.6%	24.6%
171	Newspaper publishing and printing	705	477	63	72	13.1%	15.1%
172	Printing, publishing, and allied industries, except newspapers	1,462	1,129	79	86	7.0%	7.6%
180	Plastics, synthetics, and resins	201	160	24	27	15.2%	17.2%
181	Drugs	467	374	21	25	5.7%	6.6%
182	Soaps and cosmetics	207	162	14	14	8.6%	8.6%
190	Paints, varnishes, and related products	76	64	5	5	8.1%	8.1%
191	Agricultural chemicals	66	46	9	9	19.9%	19.9%
192	Industrial and miscellaneous chemicals	651	497	80	83	16.1%	16.7%
200	Petroleum refining	192	144	28	33	19.3%	23.2%
201	Miscellaneous petroleum and coal products	39	36	5	5	14.1%	14.1%
210	Tires and inner tubes	116	106	34	35	32.2%	32.9%
211	Other rubber products, and plastics footwear and belting	190	136	21	22	15.7%	16.5%
212	Miscellaneous plastics products	834	672	72	77	10.7%	11.4%
220	Leather tanning and finishing	15	13	7	7	53.7%	53.7%
221	Footwear, except rubber and plastic	87	54	8	9	15.7%	17.0%
222	Leather products, except footwear	49	37	3	4	8.6%	11.9%
	MANUFACTURING, DURABLE GOODS	15,289	12,047	1,998	2,108	16.6%	17.5%
230	Logging	132	86	9	9	10.1%	10.1%
231	Sawmills, planing mills, and millwork	591	420	59	60	14.1%	14.4%
232	Wood buildings and mobile homes	101	86	2	2	2.3%	2.3%
241	Miscellaneous wood products	196	162	9	10	5.4%	5.9%
242	Furniture and fixtures	769	631	45	49	7.2%	7.8%
250	Glass and glass products	221	190	64	64	33.6%	33.8%
251	Cement, concrete, gypsum, and plaster products	286	223	43	48	19.5%	21.5%
252	Structural clay products	52	43	8	8	17.6%	17.6%
261	Pottery and related products	44	35	7	7	21.0%	21.0%
262	Miscellaneous nonmetallic mineral and stone products	123	95	14	14	15.1%	15.2%
270	Blast furnaces, steelworks, rolling and finishing mills	347	292	127	129	43.5%	44.3%
271	Iron and steel foundries	114	98	31	33	31.3%	33.3%
272	Primary aluminum industries	170	146	59	60	40.4%	41.0%
280	Other primary metal industries	236	186	28	29	14.9%	15.4%
281	Cutlery, handtools, and general hardware	171	139	23	24	16.5%	17.3%
282	Fabricated structural metal products	667	519	80	84	15.5%	16.2%
290	Screw machine products	112	86	6	8	7.4%	9.6%
291	Metal forgings and stampings	173	137	37	40	27.2%	29.6%
292	Ordnance	78	50	16	18	31.2%	37.0%
300	Miscellaneous fabricated metal products	462	387	49	52	12.6%	13.4%
301	Not specified metal industries	17	13	0	0	0.0%	0.0%
310	Engines and turbines	92	77	28	29	36.5%	37.6%
311	Farm machinery and equipment	183	112	18	21	15.9%	18.9%
312	Construction and material handling machines	326	257	49	52	19.1%	20.2%
320	Metalworking machinery	396	316	35	38	11.1%	12.1%
321	Office and accounting machines	47	37	1	1	1.9%	1.9%
322	Computers and related equipment	606	478	14	16	2.8%	3.4%
331	Machinery, except electrical, n.e.c.	1,385	1,104	145	151	13.1%	13.7%
332	Not specified machinery	7	5	0	0	0.0%	0.0%
340	Household appliances	119	108	35	36	32.3%	33.0%
341	Radio, TV, and communication equipment	502	407	38	40	9.4%	9.9%
342	Electrical machinery, equipment, and supplies, n.e.c.	1,783	1,370	140	153	10.2%	11.2%
350	Not specified electrical machinery, equipment, and supplies	42	31	0	0	0.0%	0.0%
351	Motor vehicles and motor vehicle equipment	1,593	1,282	466	473	36.4%	36.8%
352	Aircraft and parts	611	501	135	149	27.0%	29.6%
360	Ship and boat building and repairing	249	181	35	38	19.6%	21.1%
361	Railroad locomotives and equipment	38	37	16	16	43.0%	43.0%
362	Guided missiles, space vehicles, and parts	327	274	29	34	10.7%	12.3%
370	Cycles and miscellaneous transportation equipment	87	65	14	15	21.8%	23.3%
371	Scientific and controlling instruments	321	248	17	18	6.9%	7.2%
372	Medical, dental, and optical instruments and supplies	537	418	12	17	2.9%	4.0%
380	Photographic equipment and supplies	138	107	7	8	6.2%	7.3%
381	Watches, clocks, and clockwork operated devices	14	12	2	2	21.3%	21.3%
390	Toys, amusement, and sporting goods	196	140	10	13	7.4%	9.1%
391	Miscellaneous manufacturing industries	504	349	23	29	6.6%	8.2%
392	Not specified manufacturing industries	124	104	10	11	9.9%	10.6%
	TRANSPORTATION	7,220	5,485	1,913	2,018	34.9%	36.8%
400	Railroads	426	296	209	211	70.8%	71.4%
401	Bus service and urban transit	742	555	182	190	32.8%	34.1%
402	Taxicab service	128	102	8	10	7.3%	9.8%
410	Trucking service	2,615	2,041	424	440	20.8%	21.6%
411	Warehousing and storage	205	164	18	21	11.0%	12.9%
412	U.S. Postal Service	1,228	909	657	706	72.3%	77.7%
420	Water transportation	247	195	57	58	29.2%	29.6%
421	Air transportation	1,131	858	328	344	38.2%	40.1%
422	Pipe lines, except natural gas	20	12	0	1	2.9%	11.2%
432	Services incidental to transportation	478	354	30	38	8.6%	10.6%
	COMMUNICATIONS	2,302	1,785	407	429	22.8%	24.0%
440	Radio and television broadcasting and cable	619	462	46	49	9.9%	10.6%
441	Telephone communications	1,653	1,303	360	379	27.7%	29.1%
442	Telegraph and miscellaneous communications services	30	20	1	1	4.8%	4.8%
	UTILITIES AND SANITARY SERVICES	2,047	1,497	475	504	31.7%	33.7%
450	Electric light and power	874	613	211	221	34.4%	36.0%
451	Gas and steam supply systems	256	177	49	51	27.4%	29.0%
452	Electric and gas, and other combinations	179	155	67	72	43.2%	46.7%
470	Water supply and irrigation	321	244	63	69	25.8%	28.3%
471	Sanitary services	395	289	80	85	27.7%	29.4%
472	Not specified utilities	22	19	5	5	27.4%	29.5%
	WHOLESALE TRADE	5,856	4,439	260	276	5.9%	6.2%
500	Motor vehicles and equipment	262	196	4	4	2.1%	2.1%
501	Furniture and home furnishings	96	78	3	3	3.4%	3.4%
502	Lumber and construction materials	240	191	13	15	6.9%	7.6%
510	Professional and commercial equipment and supplies	540	428	6	6	1.3%	1.5%
511	Metals and minerals, except petroleum	100	74	11	12	14.6%	16.0%
512	Electrical goods	375	307	8	8	2.7%	2.7%
521	Hardware, plumbing and heating supplies	353	263	10	10	3.8%	3.8%
530	Machinery, equipment, and supplies	809	588	18	22	3.1%	3.7%
531	Scrap and waste materials	196	149	9	11	6.1%	7.4%
532	Miscellaneous wholesale, durable goods	178	131	3	3	2.1%	2.1%
540	Paper and paper products	160	124	9	10	7.3%	7.7%
541	Drugs, chemicals and allied products	263	203	7	9	3.4%	4.3%
542	Apparel, fabrics, and notions	151	122	6	6	5.0%	5.0%
550	Groceries and related products	1,107	855	113	117	13.2%	13.6%
551	Farm-product raw materials	138	79	2	2	2.6%	2.6%
552	Petroleum products	178	129	6	7	4.7%	5.2%
560	Alcoholic beverages	151	117	20	20	17.1%	17.1%
561	Farm supplies	202	133	3	3	2.0%	2.0%
562	Miscellaneous wholesale, nondurable goods	326	253	10	10	4.0%	4.0%
571	Not specified wholesale trade	31	21	0	0	0.0%	0.0%
	RETAIL TRADE	26,728	19,915	1,035	1,129	5.2%	5.7%
580	Lumber and building material retailing	759	559	17	21	3.0%	3.7%
581	Hardware stores	279	201	7	7	3.7%	3.7%
582	Retail nurseries and garden stores	135	91	0	0	0.0%	0.0%
590	Mobile home dealers	59	41	0	0	0.0%	0.0%
591	Department stores	2,924	2,182	80	94	3.7%	4.3%
592	Variety stores	164	123	3	3	2.1%	2.1%
600	Miscellaneous general merchandise stores	231	161	14	15	8.6%	9.4%
601	Grocery stores	4,063	2,972	659	686	22.2%	23.1%
602	Dairy products stores	50	42	1	5	2.8%	11.1%
610	Retail bakeries	248	181	8	8	4.3%	4.3%
611	Food stores, n.e.c.	223	165	6	7	3.7%	4.2%
612	Motor vehicle dealers	1,522	1,156	32	36	2.8%	3.1%
620	Auto and home supply stores	607	444	10	11	2.2%	2.4%
621	Gasoline service stations	497	360	6	6	1.5%	1.7%
622	Miscellaneous vehicle dealers	131	89	0	0	0.0%	0.0%
623	Apparel and accessory stores, except shoe	910	701	14	15	2.0%	2.2%
630	Shoe stores	172	134	2	2	1.5%	1.5%
631	Furniture and home furnishings stores	645	486	8	9	1.7%	2.0%
632	Household appliance stores	97	74	0	0	0.0%	0.0%
633	Radio, TV, and computer stores	596	463	5	7	1.0%	1.5%
640	Music stores	156	123	1	2	0.6%	1.5%
641	Eating and drinking places	8,325	6,291	83	104	1.3%	1.6%
642	Drug stores	780	603	29	35	4.8%	5.8%
650	Liquor stores	134	96	2	4	2.3%	3.8%
651	Sporting goods, bicycles, and hobby stores	456	329	7	8	2.0%	2.3%
652	Book and stationery stores	357	270	5	5	1.7%	1.7%
660	Jewelry stores	174	125	2	2	1.3%	1.3%
661	Gift, novelty, and souvenir shops	257	175	0	0	0.0%	0.0%
662	Sewing, needlework and piece goods stores	59	43	0	0	0.0%	0.0%
663	Catalog and mail order houses	193	128	6	7	5.0%	5.3%
670	Vending machine operators	58	45	4	4	9.5%	9.5%
671	Direct selling establishments	192	141	2	2	1.4%	1.4%
672	Fuel dealers	163	102	8	9	8.2%	9.1%
681	Retail florists	153	108	3	3	2.7%	3.0%
682	Miscellaneous retail stores	853	631	8	10	1.3%	1.6%
691	Not specified retail trade	106	79	4	4	4.5%	4.5%
	FINANCE, INSURANCE, AND REAL ESTATE	10,283	7,623	205	256	2.7%	3.4%
700	Banking	2,626	1,857	19	27	1.0%	1.5%
701	Savings institutions, including credit unions	385	261	8	9	3.0%	3.6%
702	Credit agencies, n.e.c.	925	684	2	7	0.3%	1.1%
710	Security, commodity brokerage, and investment companies	1,004	778	11	15	1.4%	1.9%
711	Insurance	3,088	2,318	61	76	2.6%	3.3%
712	Real estate, including real estate-insurance offices	2,255	1,726	104	121	6.1%	7.0%
	BUSINESS AND REPAIR SERVICES	8,778	6,843	206	260	3.0%	3.8%
721	Advertising	321	246	5	7	2.2%	2.8%
722	Services to dwellings and other buildings	765	578	46	51	7.9%	8.8%
731	Personnel supply services	1,186	964	15	26	1.6%	2.7%
732	Computer and data processing services	1,917	1,528	14	26	0.9%	1.7%
740	Detective and protective services	641	526	35	43	6.7%	8.3%
741	Business services, n.e.c.	1,948	1,483	48	53	3.2%	3.6%
742	Automotive rental and leasing, without drivers	218	160	9	10	5.7%	6.4%
750	Automotive parking and carwashes	224	180	6	6	3.2%	3.2%
751	Automotive repair and related services	971	747	15	21	2.0%	2.8%
752	Electrical repair shops	140	100	1	3	1.3%	2.7%
760	Miscellaneous repair services	447	330	12	14	3.6%	4.2%
	PERSONAL SERVICES	5,132	3,691	201	219	5.5%	5.9%
761	Private Households	1,277	970	12	12	1.2%	1.2%
762	Hotels and Motels	2,067	1,369	144	156	10.5%	11.4%
770	Lodging places, except hotels and motels	150	115	0	1	0.0%	0.8%
771	Laundry, cleaning, and garment services	519	390	37	39	9.4%	9.9%
772	Beauty shops	706	527	4	7	0.8%	1.3%
780	Barber shops	28	20	1	1	3.5%	3.5%
781	Funeral service and crematories	100	75	1	1	1.9%	1.9%
782	Shoe repair shops	7	6	0	0	0.0%	0.0%
790	Dressmaking shops	4	3	0	0	0.0%	0.0%
791	Miscellaneous personal services	274	216	2	2	1.1%	1.1%
	ENTERTAINMENT AND RECREATION SERVICES	10,017	7,293	834	962	11.4%	13.2%
800	Theaters and motion pictures	608	461	56	62	12.1%	13.5%
801	Video tape rental	155	125	1	1	1.0%	1.0%
802	Bowling centers	75	58	0	1	0.0%	1.4%
810	Miscellaneous entertainment and recreation services	2,055	1,498	114	129	7.6%	8.6%
	MEDICAL SERVICES, EXCEPT HOSPITALS	7,874	5,670	380	429	6.7%	7.6%
812	Offices and clinics of physicians	1,815	1,307	40	49	3.1%	3.7%
820	Offices and clinics of dentists	745	537	15	15	2.8%	2.9%
821	Offices and clinics of chiropractors	100	72	0	0	0.2%	0.2%
822	Offices and clinics of optometrists	79	57	1	1	1.2%	1.2%
830	Offices and clinics of health practitioners, n.e.c.	65	47	2	2	3.5%	4.9%
831	HOSPITALS	7,124	5,151	663	768	12.9%	14.9%
832	Nursing and personal care facilities	2,485	1,755	169	189	9.6%	10.8%
840	Health services, n.e.c.	2,585	1,896	153	173	8.1%	9.1%
	OTHER PROFESSIONAL SERVICES	6,788	4,899	137	175	2.8%	3.6%
841	Legal services	1,408	1,013	16	21	1.6%	2.1%
	EDUCATIONAL SERVICES	14,644	10,362	3,543	4,105	34.2%	39.6%
842	Elementary and secondary schools	9,997	7,121	3,143	3,603	44.1%	50.6%
850	Colleges and universities	4,051	2,812	353	449	12.6%	16.0%
851	Vocational schools	113	83	12	12	14.0%	14.8%
852	Libraries	276	196	29	35	14.8%	17.6%
860	Educational services, n.e.c.	207	150	6	7	4.0%	4.8%
	SOCIAL SERVICES	3,739	2,672	197	226	7.4%	8.4%
861	Job training and vocational rehabilitation services	297	210	11	11	5.1%	5.1%
862	Child day care services	1,211	898	30	36	3.3%	4.0%
863	Family child care homes	29	19	0	0	0.0%	0.0%
870	Residential care facilities, without nursing	673	471	33	36	6.9%	7.7%
871	Social services, n.e.c.	1,529	1,073	124	143	11.6%	13.3%
872	Museums, art galleries, and zoos	166	119	10	12	8.1%	10.5%
873	Labor unions	84	55	42	42	75.1%	76.3%
880	Religious organizations	1,198	867	4	9	0.4%	1.1%
881	Membership organizations, n.e.c.	530	360	6	11	1.8%	3.0%
882	Engineering, architectural, and surveying services	1,040	766	26	31	3.4%	4.1%
890	Accounting, auditing, and bookkeeping services	663	491	4	6	0.8%	1.3%
891	Research, development, and testing services	808	569	18	24	3.1%	4.3%
892	Management and public relations services	815	606	10	14	1.6%	2.3%
893	Miscellaneous professional and related services	76	53	3	4	5.2%	6.7%
	PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION	8,227	5,899	1,960	2,213	33.2%	37.5%
900	Executive and legislative offices	247	147	10	13	6.5%	8.9%
901	General government, n.e.c.	979	690	156	185	22.6%	26.8%
910	Justice, public order, and safety	3,171	2,434	1,157	1,219	47.5%	50.1%
921	Public finance, taxation, and monetary policy	511	366	105	125	28.7%	34.2%
922	Administration of human resources programs	1,168	805	228	280	28.4%	34.7%
930	Administration of environmental quality and housing programs	441	262	52	68	19.8%	26.0%
931	Administration of economic programs	887	598	160	192	26.8%	32.2%
932	National security and international affairs	823	597	91	130	15.2%	21.8%
Copyright 2024 by Barry T. Hirsch, David A. Macpherson, and William E. Even.  The use of this data requires citation.