Union Membership, Coverage, Density and Employment by Industry: 1997
CIC	Industry	Obs	Employment (in 1000s)	Members (in 1000s)	Covered (in 1000s)	% Mem	% Cov
	AGRICULTURE	2,217	1,690	36	40	2.1%	2.4%
10	Agricultural production, crops	652	521	11	13	2.1%	2.5%
11	Agricultural production, livestock	659	428	6	8	1.5%	1.8%
12	Veterinary services	217	164	0	0	0.0%	0.2%
20	Landscape and horticultural services	554	461	17	17	3.8%	3.8%
30	Agricultural services, n.e.c.	135	115	2	2	1.3%	1.3%
	FORESTRY AND FISHERIES	202	92	7	10	7.4%	10.6%
31	Forestry	149	59	7	10	11.3%	16.4%
32	Fishing, hunting, and trapping	53	34	0	0	0.4%	0.4%
	MINING	9,235	6,811	1,307	1,374	19.2%	20.2%
40	Metal mining	152	66	23	24	34.3%	37.0%
41	Coal mining	167	79	29	29	36.2%	36.2%
42	Oil and gas extraction	554	351	13	13	3.6%	3.7%
50	Nonmetallic mining and quarrying, except fuel	194	113	21	21	18.2%	18.2%
60	CONSTRUCTION	8,168	6,201	1,223	1,287	19.7%	20.8%
	MANUFACTURING, NONDURABLE GOODS	10,510	8,074	1,171	1,250	14.5%	15.5%
100	Meat products	660	458	95	105	20.7%	23.0%
101	Dairy products	168	114	26	27	22.3%	23.3%
102	Canned, frozen and preserved fruits and vegetables	285	202	62	63	30.9%	31.5%
110	Grain mill products	199	150	33	35	21.8%	23.4%
111	Bakery products	263	209	67	71	32.1%	33.8%
112	Sugar and confectionery products	146	102	25	25	24.0%	24.2%
120	Beverage industries	251	197	51	55	25.9%	28.0%
121	Miscellaneous food preparations and kindred products	237	167	23	24	13.8%	14.1%
122	Not specified food industries	9	8	1	1	16.1%	18.4%
130	Tobacco manufactures	66	58	12	12	20.2%	21.6%
132	Knitting mills	131	101	6	6	5.6%	5.6%
140	Dyeing and finishing textiles, except wool and knit goods	49	41	3	3	7.3%	7.3%
141	Carpets and rugs	88	82	3	3	3.7%	3.7%
142	Yarn, thread, and fabric mills	443	365	21	22	5.9%	6.1%
150	Miscellaneous textile mill products	55	41	5	5	11.8%	12.6%
151	Apparel and accessories, except knit	948	752	67	72	9.0%	9.5%
152	Miscellaneous fabricated textile products	184	140	9	10	6.6%	7.0%
160	Pulp, paper, and paperboard mills	341	261	103	105	39.7%	40.2%
161	Miscellaneous paper and pulp products	259	204	43	46	21.3%	22.4%
162	Paperboard containers and boxes	265	208	41	45	19.7%	21.6%
171	Newspaper publishing and printing	691	496	53	58	10.8%	11.7%
172	Printing, publishing, and allied industries, except newspapers	1,541	1,194	81	90	6.8%	7.5%
180	Plastics, synthetics, and resins	190	153	17	18	11.2%	11.8%
181	Drugs	520	411	28	33	6.8%	7.9%
182	Soaps and cosmetics	210	166	10	12	5.9%	7.1%
190	Paints, varnishes, and related products	82	63	6	7	9.7%	10.9%
191	Agricultural chemicals	52	34	4	5	11.6%	13.1%
192	Industrial and miscellaneous chemicals	708	537	86	91	16.1%	17.0%
200	Petroleum refining	197	148	35	37	23.6%	24.8%
201	Miscellaneous petroleum and coal products	34	27	5	5	19.3%	19.3%
210	Tires and inner tubes	115	99	37	38	37.4%	38.1%
211	Other rubber products, and plastics footwear and belting	178	145	18	20	12.7%	13.5%
212	Miscellaneous plastics products	762	613	69	77	11.2%	12.5%
220	Leather tanning and finishing	20	16	7	7	44.4%	44.4%
221	Footwear, except rubber and plastic	107	72	13	14	17.8%	19.4%
222	Leather products, except footwear	56	41	5	5	11.1%	12.9%
	MANUFACTURING, DURABLE GOODS	15,304	11,960	2,100	2,213	17.6%	18.5%
230	Logging	164	104	10	10	9.5%	9.5%
231	Sawmills, planing mills, and millwork	554	384	50	50	13.0%	13.0%
232	Wood buildings and mobile homes	99	82	3	4	3.1%	4.8%
241	Miscellaneous wood products	182	142	14	14	9.9%	10.0%
242	Furniture and fixtures	767	616	43	51	7.0%	8.2%
250	Glass and glass products	231	186	59	61	31.6%	32.5%
251	Cement, concrete, gypsum, and plaster products	283	206	36	38	17.7%	18.3%
252	Structural clay products	50	45	5	7	10.2%	15.0%
261	Pottery and related products	47	41	15	15	36.8%	36.8%
262	Miscellaneous nonmetallic mineral and stone products	145	111	19	19	17.2%	17.2%
270	Blast furnaces, steelworks, rolling and finishing mills	404	332	150	155	45.2%	46.6%
271	Iron and steel foundries	113	95	27	29	28.3%	30.8%
272	Primary aluminum industries	180	156	66	66	42.2%	42.2%
280	Other primary metal industries	222	165	41	43	24.7%	25.7%
281	Cutlery, handtools, and general hardware	194	152	24	26	15.9%	17.1%
282	Fabricated structural metal products	654	497	77	79	15.5%	16.0%
290	Screw machine products	110	86	11	12	12.6%	14.1%
291	Metal forgings and stampings	157	129	37	38	28.7%	29.2%
292	Ordnance	67	45	10	12	23.2%	25.8%
300	Miscellaneous fabricated metal products	478	386	80	82	20.8%	21.3%
301	Not specified metal industries	13	12	3	3	26.6%	26.6%
310	Engines and turbines	74	61	27	29	44.8%	47.7%
311	Farm machinery and equipment	167	100	14	15	14.3%	14.9%
312	Construction and material handling machines	316	240	44	48	18.3%	20.0%
320	Metalworking machinery	425	337	34	37	10.1%	11.1%
321	Office and accounting machines	53	41	2	2	5.9%	5.9%
322	Computers and related equipment	699	548	10	11	1.7%	2.1%
331	Machinery, except electrical, n.e.c.	1,418	1,122	155	161	13.8%	14.3%
332	Not specified machinery	6	4	1	1	15.6%	15.6%
340	Household appliances	106	88	23	25	26.3%	28.4%
341	Radio, TV, and communication equipment	560	461	54	61	11.7%	13.3%
342	Electrical machinery, equipment, and supplies, n.e.c.	1,729	1,327	133	143	10.0%	10.8%
350	Not specified electrical machinery, equipment, and supplies	44	38	3	3	7.5%	7.5%
351	Motor vehicles and motor vehicle equipment	1,592	1,265	508	520	40.2%	41.1%
352	Aircraft and parts	512	423	121	140	28.7%	33.1%
360	Ship and boat building and repairing	226	173	36	39	20.8%	22.4%
361	Railroad locomotives and equipment	41	33	13	14	39.4%	40.8%
362	Guided missiles, space vehicles, and parts	354	301	44	47	14.6%	15.7%
370	Cycles and miscellaneous transportation equipment	106	80	6	6	8.0%	8.0%
371	Scientific and controlling instruments	261	208	16	16	7.6%	7.9%
372	Medical, dental, and optical instruments and supplies	482	369	21	22	5.7%	6.0%
380	Photographic equipment and supplies	153	122	8	11	6.4%	9.1%
381	Watches, clocks, and clockwork operated devices	10	8	1	1	17.5%	17.5%
390	Toys, amusement, and sporting goods	209	163	8	9	5.0%	5.6%
391	Miscellaneous manufacturing industries	540	383	25	25	6.6%	6.6%
392	Not specified manufacturing industries	107	92	11	12	12.0%	12.7%
	TRANSPORTATION	7,113	5,344	1,898	2,034	35.5%	38.0%
400	Railroads	431	296	209	214	70.6%	72.2%
401	Bus service and urban transit	713	535	197	205	36.8%	38.3%
402	Taxicab service	103	76	8	9	10.7%	12.0%
410	Trucking service	2,631	2,024	436	465	21.5%	23.0%
411	Warehousing and storage	175	147	11	14	7.5%	9.7%
412	U.S. Postal Service	1,206	887	634	701	71.5%	79.0%
420	Water transportation	233	176	55	59	31.4%	33.5%
421	Air transportation	1,123	846	320	333	37.8%	39.4%
422	Pipe lines, except natural gas	28	14	3	3	21.6%	21.6%
432	Services incidental to transportation	470	343	25	30	7.2%	8.8%
	COMMUNICATIONS	2,247	1,714	367	396	21.4%	23.1%
440	Radio and television broadcasting and cable	647	474	36	43	7.6%	9.1%
441	Telephone communications	1,574	1,223	328	349	26.8%	28.6%
442	Telegraph and miscellaneous communications services	26	18	3	3	14.4%	18.7%
	UTILITIES AND SANITARY SERVICES	2,009	1,466	471	492	32.2%	33.6%
450	Electric light and power	870	605	203	211	33.6%	34.9%
451	Gas and steam supply systems	249	173	49	55	28.5%	31.7%
452	Electric and gas, and other combinations	175	147	73	73	49.7%	49.7%
470	Water supply and irrigation	313	235	67	68	28.4%	28.8%
471	Sanitary services	394	299	77	84	25.9%	27.9%
472	Not specified utilities	8	6	2	2	28.2%	28.2%
	WHOLESALE TRADE	5,674	4,308	253	286	5.9%	6.6%
500	Motor vehicles and equipment	250	188	13	14	7.1%	7.7%
501	Furniture and home furnishings	93	74	1	3	2.0%	3.9%
502	Lumber and construction materials	231	174	9	10	5.2%	5.8%
510	Professional and commercial equipment and supplies	435	342	5	7	1.4%	2.0%
511	Metals and minerals, except petroleum	97	77	9	10	11.9%	13.5%
512	Electrical goods	353	276	8	9	2.8%	3.2%
521	Hardware, plumbing and heating supplies	346	257	11	13	4.4%	5.0%
530	Machinery, equipment, and supplies	820	598	20	24	3.3%	4.0%
531	Scrap and waste materials	249	201	14	16	7.1%	8.1%
532	Miscellaneous wholesale, durable goods	143	103	4	6	3.9%	5.7%
540	Paper and paper products	144	112	3	4	3.0%	3.8%
541	Drugs, chemicals and allied products	259	196	9	9	4.4%	4.8%
542	Apparel, fabrics, and notions	128	101	4	4	4.4%	4.4%
550	Groceries and related products	1,092	853	108	117	12.7%	13.7%
551	Farm-product raw materials	129	77	1	1	0.7%	0.7%
552	Petroleum products	160	111	9	9	7.9%	7.9%
560	Alcoholic beverages	145	110	10	10	8.7%	8.9%
561	Farm supplies	195	135	3	5	2.1%	3.5%
562	Miscellaneous wholesale, nondurable goods	371	294	12	14	4.0%	4.7%
571	Not specified wholesale trade	34	30	0	1	0.0%	2.4%
	RETAIL TRADE	26,286	19,465	1,077	1,201	5.5%	6.2%
580	Lumber and building material retailing	737	535	13	19	2.5%	3.5%
581	Hardware stores	286	202	5	6	2.4%	2.8%
582	Retail nurseries and garden stores	151	109	1	3	1.1%	2.3%
590	Mobile home dealers	38	26	0	0	0.0%	0.0%
591	Department stores	2,916	2,152	83	98	3.9%	4.5%
592	Variety stores	175	122	2	2	1.3%	1.3%
600	Miscellaneous general merchandise stores	247	163	8	10	5.1%	6.2%
601	Grocery stores	4,032	2,978	683	719	22.9%	24.2%
602	Dairy products stores	34	26	1	1	2.7%	2.7%
610	Retail bakeries	250	186	13	14	6.9%	7.5%
611	Food stores, n.e.c.	250	193	11	13	5.8%	6.7%
612	Motor vehicle dealers	1,535	1,129	35	38	3.1%	3.3%
620	Auto and home supply stores	529	383	9	11	2.3%	2.8%
621	Gasoline service stations	489	356	6	7	1.8%	2.0%
622	Miscellaneous vehicle dealers	116	74	0	0	0.4%	0.5%
623	Apparel and accessory stores, except shoe	928	688	13	18	2.0%	2.5%
630	Shoe stores	175	137	0	0	0.0%	0.0%
631	Furniture and home furnishings stores	645	489	8	14	1.7%	2.8%
632	Household appliance stores	91	70	1	1	2.0%	2.0%
633	Radio, TV, and computer stores	534	410	3	4	0.8%	1.0%
640	Music stores	166	133	1	2	0.8%	1.4%
641	Eating and drinking places	8,109	6,123	93	123	1.5%	2.0%
642	Drug stores	696	500	28	32	5.6%	6.4%
650	Liquor stores	139	107	8	9	7.8%	8.5%
651	Sporting goods, bicycles, and hobby stores	430	313	7	8	2.2%	2.7%
652	Book and stationery stores	360	252	4	5	1.8%	2.0%
660	Jewelry stores	163	121	2	2	1.5%	1.5%
661	Gift, novelty, and souvenir shops	225	158	0	1	0.0%	0.5%
662	Sewing, needlework and piece goods stores	66	49	0	2	0.0%	4.6%
663	Catalog and mail order houses	200	131	9	9	6.7%	7.2%
670	Vending machine operators	79	58	8	8	14.5%	14.5%
671	Direct selling establishments	212	153	0	0	0.1%	0.1%
672	Fuel dealers	164	105	2	2	2.2%	2.2%
681	Retail florists	174	129	1	1	1.0%	1.0%
682	Miscellaneous retail stores	851	636	13	17	2.0%	2.6%
691	Not specified retail trade	94	69	2	3	2.7%	4.4%
	FINANCE, INSURANCE, AND REAL ESTATE	9,889	7,294	216	265	3.0%	3.6%
700	Banking	2,609	1,857	21	33	1.1%	1.8%
701	Savings institutions, including credit unions	405	280	12	14	4.4%	4.9%
702	Credit agencies, n.e.c.	762	558	4	10	0.8%	1.8%
710	Security, commodity brokerage, and investment companies	1,016	770	7	14	0.9%	1.8%
711	Insurance	2,833	2,117	57	71	2.7%	3.3%
712	Real estate, including real estate-insurance offices	2,264	1,713	115	124	6.7%	7.2%
	BUSINESS AND REPAIR SERVICES	8,613	6,690	208	267	3.1%	4.0%
721	Advertising	315	248	0	4	0.0%	1.8%
722	Services to dwellings and other buildings	820	616	58	63	9.4%	10.2%
731	Personnel supply services	1,263	999	17	26	1.7%	2.6%
732	Computer and data processing services	1,643	1,309	11	19	0.8%	1.4%
740	Detective and protective services	625	495	33	44	6.6%	8.9%
741	Business services, n.e.c.	1,807	1,366	30	42	2.2%	3.1%
742	Automotive rental and leasing, without drivers	217	167	12	12	7.4%	7.4%
750	Automotive parking and carwashes	221	179	8	10	4.3%	5.4%
751	Automotive repair and related services	1,127	862	15	16	1.7%	1.9%
752	Electrical repair shops	112	90	2	4	2.2%	4.2%
760	Miscellaneous repair services	463	360	24	26	6.7%	7.2%
	PERSONAL SERVICES	5,036	3,578	149	177	4.2%	5.0%
761	Private Households	1,218	925	4	5	0.5%	0.6%
762	Hotels and Motels	2,082	1,363	117	141	8.6%	10.3%
770	Lodging places, except hotels and motels	130	95	1	1	0.8%	0.8%
771	Laundry, cleaning, and garment services	495	366	21	24	5.7%	6.6%
772	Beauty shops	716	529	2	3	0.4%	0.6%
780	Barber shops	40	32	0	0	0.0%	0.0%
781	Funeral service and crematories	100	73	3	3	4.2%	4.2%
782	Shoe repair shops	10	7	0	0	0.0%	0.0%
790	Dressmaking shops	5	4	0	0	0.0%	0.0%
791	Miscellaneous personal services	240	183	0	0	0.0%	0.1%
	ENTERTAINMENT AND RECREATION SERVICES	9,933	7,233	842	982	11.6%	13.6%
800	Theaters and motion pictures	634	492	67	74	13.5%	15.1%
801	Video tape rental	156	118	0	0	0.0%	0.0%
802	Bowling centers	61	43	2	2	5.0%	5.0%
810	Miscellaneous entertainment and recreation services	1,921	1,446	98	115	6.8%	8.0%
	MEDICAL SERVICES, EXCEPT HOSPITALS	7,909	5,697	355	422	6.2%	7.4%
812	Offices and clinics of physicians	1,826	1,305	29	40	2.2%	3.1%
820	Offices and clinics of dentists	740	535	10	11	1.9%	2.1%
821	Offices and clinics of chiropractors	78	56	0	0	0.0%	0.0%
822	Offices and clinics of optometrists	83	53	1	1	1.2%	2.6%
830	Offices and clinics of health practitioners, n.e.c.	58	43	1	2	1.6%	4.9%
831	HOSPITALS	7,161	5,135	675	791	13.1%	15.4%
832	Nursing and personal care facilities	2,460	1,722	166	190	9.7%	11.1%
840	Health services, n.e.c.	2,664	1,983	148	177	7.5%	8.9%
	OTHER PROFESSIONAL SERVICES	6,564	4,770	129	172	2.7%	3.6%
841	Legal services	1,398	1,027	18	26	1.7%	2.5%
	EDUCATIONAL SERVICES	14,326	10,032	3,486	4,015	34.8%	40.0%
842	Elementary and secondary schools	9,771	6,874	3,070	3,516	44.7%	51.1%
850	Colleges and universities	3,999	2,769	365	439	13.2%	15.8%
851	Vocational schools	115	83	9	11	10.5%	13.7%
852	Libraries	269	184	36	40	19.5%	21.8%
860	Educational services, n.e.c.	172	122	7	9	5.7%	7.1%
	SOCIAL SERVICES	3,662	2,592	211	240	8.2%	9.2%
861	Job training and vocational rehabilitation services	289	202	15	17	7.4%	8.4%
862	Child day care services	1,158	828	17	26	2.1%	3.1%
863	Family child care homes	34	25	0	0	0.0%	0.0%
870	Residential care facilities, without nursing	678	479	28	32	5.8%	6.8%
871	Social services, n.e.c.	1,503	1,058	152	164	14.3%	15.5%
872	Museums, art galleries, and zoos	135	86	8	14	9.7%	16.2%
873	Labor unions	85	55	42	43	77.4%	79.3%
880	Religious organizations	1,160	831	5	12	0.5%	1.5%
881	Membership organizations, n.e.c.	545	367	7	8	2.0%	2.2%
882	Engineering, architectural, and surveying services	1,001	740	23	28	3.1%	3.8%
890	Accounting, auditing, and bookkeeping services	702	534	4	7	0.8%	1.3%
891	Research, development, and testing services	779	557	12	17	2.2%	3.0%
892	Management and public relations services	682	519	8	15	1.6%	2.9%
893	Miscellaneous professional and related services	77	55	1	1	1.8%	1.8%
	PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION	8,226	5,724	1,827	2,089	31.9%	36.5%
900	Executive and legislative offices	274	154	17	21	11.1%	13.4%
901	General government, n.e.c.	976	658	142	162	21.5%	24.6%
910	Justice, public order, and safety	3,108	2,304	1,079	1,152	46.9%	50.0%
921	Public finance, taxation, and monetary policy	497	353	86	101	24.4%	28.7%
922	Administration of human resources programs	1,191	838	231	270	27.5%	32.2%
930	Administration of environmental quality and housing programs	445	252	65	81	25.9%	32.3%
931	Administration of economic programs	827	529	132	173	25.0%	32.7%
932	National security and international affairs	908	637	75	129	11.7%	20.3%
Copyright 2024 by Barry T. Hirsch, David A. Macpherson, and William E. Even.  The use of this data requires citation.