Union Membership, Coverage, Density and Employment by Industry: 1988
CIC	Industry	Obs	Employment (in 1000s)	Members (in 1000s)	Covered (in 1000s)	% Mem	% Cov
	AGRICULTURE	2,122	1,180	20	25	1.7%	2.1%
10	Agricultural production, crops	919	533	10	11	1.8%	2.1%
11	Agricultural production, livestock	856	427	5	7	1.3%	1.7%
20	Agricultural services, exc. horticultural	347	221	5	6	2.3%	2.8%
	FORESTRY AND FISHERIES	714	417	16	22	3.9%	5.4%
21	Horticultural services	473	312	10	11	3.1%	3.5%
30	Forestry	182	78	6	11	7.7%	13.7%
31	Fishing, hunting, and trapping	59	27	1	1	1.9%	3.6%
	MINING	10,902	6,416	1,384	1,479	21.6%	23.1%
40	Metal mining	169	60	23	30	38.6%	50.3%
41	Coal mining	317	154	65	67	42.3%	43.3%
42	Crude petroleum and natural gas extraction	701	399	10	13	2.4%	3.3%
50	Nonmetallic mining and quarrying, exc. fuel	199	98	35	36	35.5%	36.5%
60	CONSTRUCTION	9,516	5,704	1,251	1,333	21.9%	23.4%
	MANUFACTURING, NONDURABLE GOODS	14,136	8,290	1,651	1,772	19.9%	21.4%
100	Meat products	725	397	76	83	19.1%	20.9%
101	Dairy products	304	175	53	53	30.0%	30.4%
102	Canned and preserved fruits and vegetables	411	231	84	91	36.2%	39.4%
110	Grain mill products	194	109	13	14	12.3%	13.1%
111	Bakery products	342	213	76	83	35.9%	39.1%
112	Sugar and confectionery products	195	96	28	30	29.6%	31.3%
120	Beverage industries	304	196	68	71	34.9%	36.4%
121	Miscellaneous food preparations and kindred products	339	201	40	41	19.8%	20.6%
130	Tobacco manufacturers	106	59	19	20	31.7%	33.1%
132	Knitting mills	243	124	8	10	6.7%	7.8%
140	Dyeing and finishing textiles, exc. wool and knit goods	57	30	6	7	21.5%	24.6%
141	Floor coverings, exc. hard surface	74	48	6	7	12.2%	14.9%
142	Yarn, thread, and fabric mills	888	444	33	39	7.4%	8.8%
150	Miscellaneous textile mill products	89	44	16	18	36.6%	40.1%
151	Apparel and accessories, exc. knit	1,447	974	183	196	18.8%	20.2%
152	Miscellaneous fabricated textile products	296	165	17	19	10.6%	11.5%
160	Pulp, paper, and paperboard mills	606	321	173	178	53.9%	55.3%
161	Miscellaneous paper and pulp products	370	225	53	55	23.7%	24.4%
162	Paperboard containers and boxes	289	181	62	68	34.6%	37.4%
171	Newspaper publishing and printing	862	488	63	72	12.8%	14.8%
172	Printing, publishing, allied industries, exc. newspapers	1,953	1,210	133	146	11.0%	12.1%
180	Plastics, synthetics, and resins	243	138	27	29	19.9%	21.3%
181	Drugs	445	248	21	22	8.5%	8.7%
182	Soaps and cosmetics	260	165	23	24	14.3%	14.9%
190	Paints, varnishes, and related products	93	61	16	18	26.5%	28.9%
191	Agricultural chemicals	74	42	7	8	16.3%	19.7%
192	Industrial and miscellaneous chemicals	1,061	583	107	117	18.4%	20.1%
200	Petroleum refining	255	160	55	57	34.5%	35.6%
201	Miscellaneous petroleum and coal products	29	17	3	3	19.2%	19.2%
210	Tires and inner tubes	152	88	38	40	43.4%	44.8%
211	Other rubber products, plastics footwear and belting	287	183	42	45	23.0%	24.7%
212	Miscellaneous plastics products	886	546	76	83	14.0%	15.2%
220	Leather tanning and finishing	21	11	4	4	36.3%	36.3%
221	Footwear, exc. rubber and plastic	178	83	14	16	16.9%	18.8%
222	Leather products, exc. footwear	58	35	5	5	13.0%	14.1%
	MANUFACTURING, DURABLE GOODS	19,904	12,273	2,909	3,133	23.7%	25.5%
230	Logging	187	92	4	5	4.0%	5.1%
231	Sawmills, planing mills, and millwork	674	357	66	71	18.5%	19.8%
232	Wood buildings and mobile homes	106	68	4	4	5.6%	5.6%
241	Miscellaneous wood products	226	136	21	23	15.3%	16.8%
242	Furniture and fixtures	1,153	669	114	120	17.0%	17.9%
250	Glass and glass products	274	161	68	70	42.0%	43.4%
251	Cement, concrete, gypsum, and plaster products	347	208	43	48	20.7%	23.2%
252	Structural clay products	60	36	7	7	20.1%	20.1%
261	Pottery and related products	53	32	8	8	26.1%	26.1%
262	Miscellaneous nonmetallic mineral and stone products	208	122	28	30	22.7%	25.1%
270	Blast furnaces, steelworks, rolling and finishing mills	564	382	215	223	56.2%	58.4%
271	Iron and steel foundries	189	124	47	50	37.9%	39.9%
272	Primary aluminum industries	218	151	62	68	41.2%	45.0%
280	Other primary metal industries	292	157	44	49	28.2%	31.0%
281	Cutlery, handtools, and other hardware	205	130	25	27	19.6%	21.1%
282	Fabricated structural metal products	803	506	104	113	20.6%	22.2%
290	Screw machine products	89	59	7	8	12.3%	14.0%
291	Metal forgings and stampings	214	133	51	52	38.3%	38.8%
292	Ordnance	181	105	35	39	33.4%	36.8%
300	Miscellaneous fabricated metal products	563	359	94	96	26.1%	26.7%
310	Engines and turbines	116	85	41	41	48.8%	48.8%
311	Farm machinery and equipment	223	120	33	36	27.6%	30.0%
312	Construction and material handling machines	360	213	54	57	25.4%	26.8%
320	Metalworking machinery	448	254	33	37	13.1%	14.7%
321	Office and accounting machines	135	84	7	7	7.9%	8.0%
322	Electronic computing equipment	1,138	677	18	27	2.6%	4.0%
331	Machinery, exc. electrical, n.e.c.	1,638	1,015	195	209	19.2%	20.6%
332	Not specified machinery	6	4	1	2	18.5%	45.1%
340	Household appliances	267	162	64	70	39.6%	43.1%
341	Radio, T.V., and communication equipment	763	486	71	80	14.7%	16.5%
342	Electrical machinery, equipment, and supplies, n.e.c.	2,222	1,365	202	225	14.8%	16.5%
350	Not specified electrical machinery, equipment, and supplie	12	11	1	1	10.6%	10.6%
351	Motor vehicles and motor vehicle equipment	1,996	1,195	651	671	54.5%	56.1%
352	Aircraft and parts	893	671	216	251	32.2%	37.4%
360	Ship and boat building and repairing	466	265	71	81	27.0%	30.7%
361	Railroad locomotives and equipment	30	21	8	8	35.8%	35.8%
362	Guided missiles, space vehicles, and parts	543	428	80	93	18.7%	21.8%
370	Cycles and miscellaneous transportation equipment	94	59	14	14	24.6%	24.6%
371	Scientific and controlling instruments	387	222	24	24	10.8%	11.0%
372	Optical and health services supplies	485	299	17	19	5.7%	6.4%
380	Photographic equipment and supplies	190	130	5	6	3.9%	4.7%
381	Watches, clocks, and clockwork operated devices	28	21	3	3	14.9%	16.3%
382	Not specified professional equipment	1	0	0	0	0.0%	0.0%
390	Toys, amusement, and sporting goods	200	122	18	21	14.7%	17.4%
391	Miscellaneous manufacturing industries	625	354	32	37	9.0%	10.4%
392	Not specified manufacturing industries	32	19	1	1	6.3%	6.3%
	TRANSPORTATION	7,628	4,526	1,895	2,011	41.9%	44.4%
400	Railroads	673	363	292	296	80.5%	81.6%
401	Bus service and urban transit	695	437	183	191	41.8%	43.6%
402	Taxicab service	103	62	7	7	10.8%	11.6%
410	Trucking service	2,645	1,544	380	403	24.6%	26.1%
411	Warehousing and storage	187	107	18	20	17.1%	18.5%
412	U.S. Postal Service	1,485	873	650	710	74.5%	81.4%
420	Water transportation	282	183	58	59	31.8%	32.1%
421	Air transportation	1,100	683	285	299	41.7%	43.8%
422	Pipe lines, exc. natural gas	31	17	1	2	5.4%	9.3%
432	Services incidental to transportation	427	259	22	24	8.4%	9.3%
	COMMUNICATIONS	2,643	1,558	535	603	34.3%	38.7%
440	Radio and television broadcasting	488	273	31	40	11.5%	14.6%
441	Telephone (wire and radio)	1,881	1,114	487	544	43.7%	48.9%
442	Telegraph and miscellaneous communications services	274	171	17	19	9.9%	11.1%
	UTILITIES AND SANITARY SERVICES	2,671	1,558	537	584	34.5%	37.5%
460	Electric light and power	1,252	687	252	278	36.7%	40.4%
461	Gas and steam supply systems	339	213	61	66	28.4%	31.1%
462	Electric and gas, and other combinations	277	182	90	93	49.4%	51.1%
470	Water supply and irrigation	376	222	59	64	26.6%	29.0%
471	Sanitary services	419	251	75	82	30.0%	32.8%
472	Not specified utilities	8	4	1	1	23.1%	23.1%
	WHOLESALE TRADE	6,595	3,879	291	338	7.5%	8.7%
500	Motor vehicles and equipment	304	178	7	8	3.9%	4.5%
501	Furniture and home furnishings	112	69	3	5	4.9%	6.9%
502	Lumber and construction materials	253	147	12	13	8.2%	8.5%
510	Sporting goods, toys, and hobby goods	65	34	2	2	5.4%	5.8%
511	Metals and minerals, exc. petroleum	120	73	8	9	10.4%	11.9%
512	Electrical goods	427	278	12	17	4.3%	6.2%
521	Hardware, plumbing and heating supplies	336	188	12	14	6.2%	7.2%
530	Machinery, equipment, and supplies	1,641	953	30	40	3.2%	4.2%
531	Scrap and waste materials	197	123	10	11	7.7%	8.9%
532	Miscellaneous wholesale, durable goods	110	65	0	0	0.0%	0.0%
540	Paper and paper products	168	104	5	7	5.1%	6.6%
541	Drugs, chemicals, and allied products	263	162	15	15	9.3%	9.3%
542	Apparel, fabrics, and notions	160	94	8	11	8.5%	11.9%
550	Groceries and related products	1,130	688	113	122	16.4%	17.8%
551	Farm products - raw materials	205	88	2	3	2.5%	3.8%
552	Petroleum products	282	155	7	9	4.6%	5.7%
560	Alcoholic beverages	227	140	25	30	17.8%	21.3%
561	Farm supplies	229	120	3	4	2.5%	2.9%
562	Miscellaneous wholesale, nondurable goods	349	210	17	20	8.1%	9.5%
571	Not specified wholesale trade	17	10	0	0	0.0%	0.0%
	RETAIL TRADE	28,773	16,811	1,106	1,237	6.6%	7.4%
580	Lumber and building material retailing	802	462	25	29	5.4%	6.3%
581	Hardware stores	298	174	5	5	3.0%	3.0%
582	Retail nurseries and garden stores	116	68	0	0	0.0%	0.0%
590	Mobile home dealers	45	24	0	0	0.0%	0.0%
591	Department stores	3,479	2,068	92	110	4.4%	5.3%
592	Variety stores	228	108	3	4	3.0%	3.6%
600	Miscellaneous general merchandise stores	229	122	14	18	11.6%	14.4%
601	Grocery stores	4,413	2,540	682	724	26.9%	28.5%
602	Dairy products stores	80	50	1	1	1.7%	1.7%
610	Retail bakeries	268	162	13	14	7.9%	8.9%
611	Food stores, n.e.c.	217	128	5	7	4.1%	5.3%
612	Motor vehicle dealers	1,713	996	34	48	3.4%	4.8%
620	Auto and home supply stores	655	397	11	13	2.8%	3.3%
621	Gasoline service stations	745	426	8	9	1.9%	2.0%
622	Miscellaneous vehicle dealers	132	69	1	2	2.1%	2.9%
630	Apparel and accessory stores, exc. shoe	1,207	718	19	20	2.6%	2.7%
631	Shoe stores	252	146	2	2	1.1%	1.1%
632	Furniture and home furnishings stores	745	446	13	16	2.9%	3.6%
640	Household appliances, TV, and radio stores	615	370	5	7	1.5%	1.9%
641	Eating and drinking places	8,563	5,026	94	116	1.9%	2.3%
642	Drug stores	843	500	29	32	5.8%	6.4%
650	Liquor stores	178	96	6	6	6.0%	6.8%
651	Sporting goods, bicycles, and hobby stores	421	258	6	6	2.4%	2.4%
652	Book and stationery stores	308	169	5	5	2.9%	3.2%
660	Jewelry stores	257	154	0	4	0.3%	2.8%
661	Sewing, needlework, and piece goods stores	91	53	2	2	3.2%	3.2%
662	Mail order houses	163	96	6	6	5.7%	6.7%
670	Vending machine operators	117	65	10	10	15.8%	15.9%
671	Direct selling establishments	182	107	1	2	1.2%	1.7%
672	Fuel and ice dealers	179	90	5	5	5.4%	5.6%
681	Retail florists	228	128	1	1	0.6%	0.6%
682	Miscellaneous retail stores	981	581	8	11	1.4%	2.0%
691	Not specified retail trade	23	15	0	1	0.0%	6.8%
	FINANCE, INSURANCE, AND REAL ESTATE	11,680	7,003	224	288	3.2%	4.1%
700	Banking	3,492	2,029	29	47	1.4%	2.3%
701	Savings and loan associations	370	241	6	9	2.4%	3.6%
702	Credit agencies, n.e.c.	876	517	18	23	3.4%	4.4%
710	Security, commodity brokerage, and investment companies	932	569	14	22	2.4%	3.9%
711	Insurance	3,425	2,062	59	79	2.9%	3.8%
712	Real estate, including real estate-insurance-law offices	2,585	1,585	99	109	6.2%	6.8%
	BUSINESS AND REPAIR SERVICES	8,487	5,266	248	308	4.7%	5.8%
721	Advertising	362	237	7	11	2.8%	4.7%
722	Services to dwellings and other buildings	832	544	68	75	12.5%	13.7%
730	Commercial research, development, and testing labs	473	246	10	14	4.2%	5.5%
731	Personnel supply services	1,074	662	19	28	2.9%	4.2%
732	Business management and consulting services	592	366	7	14	1.8%	3.8%
740	Computer and data processing services	985	633	7	12	1.1%	2.0%
741	Detective and protective services	541	339	26	34	7.7%	9.9%
742	Business services, n.e.c.	1,609	993	33	44	3.3%	4.4%
750	Automotive services, exc. repair	495	309	18	19	5.8%	6.3%
751	Automotive repair shops	940	577	20	23	3.4%	4.0%
752	Electrical repair shops	137	85	10	11	11.5%	12.5%
760	Miscellaneous repair services	447	275	23	23	8.3%	8.4%
	PERSONAL SERVICES	6,283	3,541	173	184	4.9%	5.2%
761	Private households	1,890	1,126	1	1	0.1%	0.1%
762	Hotels and motels	2,323	1,184	130	136	10.9%	11.5%
770	Lodging places, exc. hotels and motels	197	111	1	1	0.9%	0.9%
771	Laundry, cleaning, and garment services	584	351	30	31	8.5%	8.7%
772	Beauty shops	757	451	4	6	0.8%	1.3%
780	Barber shops	42	28	3	3	9.3%	9.3%
781	Funeral service and crematories	105	61	2	2	3.8%	3.8%
782	Shoe repair shops	10	7	0	0	0.0%	0.0%
790	Dressmaking shops	5	3	0	0	0.0%	0.0%
791	Miscellaneous personal services	370	220	3	4	1.4%	1.8%
	ENTERTAINMENT AND RECREATION SERVICES	9,774	5,704	804	941	14.1%	16.5%
800	Theaters and motion pictures	438	296	63	68	21.2%	22.9%
801	Bowling alleys, billiard and pool parlors	108	65	1	1	1.0%	1.0%
802	Miscellaneous entertainment and recreation services	1,446	834	75	91	9.0%	10.9%
	MEDICAL SERVICES, EXCEPT HOSPITALS	6,553	3,722	310	356	8.3%	9.6%
812	Offices of physicians	1,263	736	5	8	0.7%	1.1%
820	Offices of dentists	714	386	3	3	0.9%	0.9%
821	Offices of chiropractors	74	52	0	0	0.0%	0.0%
822	Offices of optometrists	87	46	1	1	1.6%	1.6%
830	Offices of health practitioners, n.e.c.	53	30	2	2	6.0%	6.0%
831	HOSPITALS	7,782	4,508	665	782	14.8%	17.3%
832	Nursing and personal care facilities	2,643	1,464	175	195	11.9%	13.3%
840	Health services, n.e.c.	1,719	1,007	124	146	12.3%	14.5%
	OTHER PROFESSIONAL SERVICES	5,946	3,468	124	163	3.6%	4.7%
841	Legal services	1,412	855	12	15	1.4%	1.8%
	EDUCATIONAL SERVICES	15,426	8,511	2,970	3,593	34.9%	42.2%
842	Elementary and secondary schools	10,402	5,753	2,588	3,097	45.0%	53.8%
850	Colleges and universities	4,437	2,436	341	444	14.0%	18.2%
851	Business, trade, and vocational schools	128	70	4	7	5.6%	9.6%
852	Libraries	317	178	32	39	18.1%	22.0%
860	Educational services, n.e.c.	142	73	5	6	6.8%	8.2%
	SOCIAL SERVICES	3,148	1,820	156	189	8.6%	10.4%
861	Job training and vocational rehabilitation services	372	204	10	12	4.8%	5.8%
862	Child day care services	890	509	14	20	2.7%	3.9%
870	Residential care facilities, without nursing	563	331	19	22	5.7%	6.7%
871	Social services, n.e.c.	1,323	776	114	135	14.7%	17.4%
872	Museums, art galleries, and zoos	181	95	8	12	8.9%	12.8%
880	Religious organizations	1,308	750	10	16	1.3%	2.1%
881	Membership organizations	844	468	67	74	14.3%	15.8%
882	Engineering, architectural, and surveying services	1,194	697	18	29	2.6%	4.2%
890	Accounting, auditing, and bookkeeping services	757	446	4	7	0.8%	1.5%
891	Noncommercial educational and scientific research	179	116	5	10	4.2%	8.3%
892	Miscellaneous professional and related services	71	42	1	1	2.4%	2.4%
	PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION	9,733	5,465	1,648	2,014	30.1%	36.8%
900	Executive and legislative offices	320	160	13	21	8.2%	13.0%
901	General government, n.e.c.	1,064	577	131	157	22.7%	27.3%
910	Justice, public order, and safety	3,200	1,920	867	956	45.2%	49.8%
921	Public finance, taxation, and monetary policy	716	401	103	147	25.7%	36.6%
922	Administration of human resources programs	1,184	639	187	240	29.3%	37.5%
930	Administration of environmental quality & housing programs	633	314	67	86	21.4%	27.4%
931	Administration of economic programs	1,045	547	153	187	28.0%	34.2%
932	National security and international affairs	1,571	907	126	219	13.9%	24.2%
Copyright 2024 by Barry T. Hirsch, David A. Macpherson, and William E. Even.  The use of this data requires citation.